一些比较有用的分析结论及难句分析、疑句讨论(持续更新中)

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Tobacco regulation: Look what they’ve done to my brands (Nov 17th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、Australians call them Winnie Blues.
难点：them的指代（指代cigarettes），句意在语境中的理解
分析：这句话的理解，可以类比造句：Chinese call cigarettes Zhonghua.，这里不是说把香烟说成中华，而是说本能反应，或者第一印象

2、Governments started banning cigarette advertising on television in the 1960s, and though the marketing noose is still loose in much of the world it is tightening.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：and连接两个并列句。在第二并列分句中，though the marketing noose is still loose是though引导的让步状语从句，it is tightening是主句（it指代the marketing noose），in much of the world修饰整个句子（同时作主从句的地点状语）

3、Many governments ban ads in print media and at the till and oblige manufacturers to emblazon packs with gruesome warnings.
难点：till的理解，句子结构
句子结构：ban ads in print media and at the till和oblige manufacturers to emblazon packs with gruesome warnings是and连接的两个并列动宾结构。在第一并列成分中，in print media和at the till是and连接的并列地点状语

4、The pack itself survives as a badge of a smoker’s taste and means, displayed and pocketed 20 or 30 times a day.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：displayed and pocketed 20 or 30 times a day是过去分词短语

5、Addicted customers and high taxes make it relatively easy to raise prices (a big rise for producers translates into a small uptick for consumers).
难点：translate的理解和翻译

6、Tobacco’s stigma keeps potential competitors at bay.
难点：keep ... at bay的理解

7、BAT aims to raise its earnings per share annually by high single digits and often does better than that, partly by using its spare cash to buy back shares, points out Rae Maile of J.P. Morgan Cazenove.
难点：high single digits的理解

8、Big Tobacco can hardly complain that plain packs will dent demand.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：can这里表示可能性，这句话的语意即they are unlikely to complain that...

9、It insists that branding is all about market share, not recruiting new smokers.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：it指代big Tobacco。这句话与上句话之间存在因果联系。

10、Plain packs will encourage counterfeiters to produce knock-offs of many brands rather than just a few, he thinks.
难点：knock-off的理解

11、They are nothing if not ingenious; when regulators banned “light” they struck back with “smooth”.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：they指代cigarette-makers，“light”、“smooth”分别用来形容烟盒包装

12、BAT will go back to the “core of our product” by upgrading flavour and other inherent qualities rather than investing in promotional pizzazz, says Mr Wheaton.
难点：inherent的理解与翻译，promotional pizzazz的理解与翻译

13、After all, fine wines do not sport flashy labels.
难点：sport的理解与翻译

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Schumpeter: Museums of Mammon (Nov 17th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、And the World of Coca-Cola worships the world’s greatest carbonated drink.
难点：worship的理解

2、It attracted a cross-section of America (minus the Ivy League): veterans criss-crossing the country in RVs, children on school trips, families on holiday, all adding up to about 2,500 visitors a day or 1m a year.
难点：cross-section的理解

3、It contains thousands of Coca-Cola-themed objects, from Haddon Sundlom’s pictures of Santa Claus clutching a glass of festive fizz to a child’s piggy bank that dispenses a tiny Coke when you deposit a coin.
难点：festive fizz的理解，piggy bank的理解，dispense的理解与翻译

4、It can also be frustratingly evasive.
难点：evasive的理解与翻译

5、rivalry with Pepsi is glossed over: “We don’t mention the P-word.”
难点：gloss over的理解

6、The tour ends with a Coca-Cola orgy: a chance to sample Coke’s 64 favourite products from around the world while listening to “I’d like to buy the world a Coke”.
难点：sample的理解

7、The world’s most discerning travellers have always included corporate museums in their itineraries.
难点：句意在语境中的理解

8、The museum spills into the car park: there is room for 1,000 bikers to park their hogs.
难点：spill into的理解

9、It also airs surprisingly moving videos of farmers talking about what their machines have meant to them.
难点：air的理解

10、Among the firms that use their museums most effectively as a marketing tool are the German carmakers.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：主语the German carmakers，系表结构are among the firms that use their museums most effectively as a marketing tool（倒装）

11、It also lends replica stagecoaches to festivals.
难点：句意在语境中的理解

12、Company museums are not just for cementing bonds with customers.
难点：cement的理解

13、They are seldom objective: even before the brand managers got hold of them, they had a tendency to glorify their subjects.
难点：第一个they的指代（指代corporate museums）

14、Ordinary people have grasped much better than professional historians that great companies and their products often affect their lives far more intimately than the politicians who are celebrated in more conventional museums.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：much better作grasp的状语，than professional historians是比较状语，that great companies and their products often affect their lives far more intimately than the politicians who are celebrated in more conventional museums是that引导的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，far more intimately作affect的状语，than the politicians who are celebrated in more conventional museums是比较状语，其中who引导定语从句who are celebrated in more conventional museums修饰politicians

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Randomness, probability and uncertainty: Stress best (Nov 17th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、From the financial crisis to the tsunami that struck the Fukushima nuclear reactor in 2011, the worst-case scenario will never be quite bad enough.
难点：the worst-case scenario will never be quite bad enough的理解
分析：字面意思似乎是“永远不够糟糕”，其实这句话的意思相当于the worst will always be worse，也就是“现实的灾难永远比人们预期的更糟糕”的意思

2、Bank failures have the opposite effect; because of the interconnectedness of the financial system, one blow-up makes another more likely, not less.
难点：blow-up的理解

3、Indeed, Mr Taleb thinks the big mistake is trying too hard to avoid shocks.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：trying too hard to avoid shocks是动名词短语（不是现在分词短语，换言之，be trying不是时态上的进行时）

4、An apparently secure job within a large company disguises a dependency on a single employer and the risk that unemployment will cause a very sudden and steep loss of income.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：disguise在这里就相当于imply的意思，这里disguise后跟了两个并列宾语，第一个是a dependency on a single employer，第二个是the risk that unemployment will cause a very sudden and steep loss of income，在第二个并列宾语中，income是指employee's income

5、The first option on record was exercised by Thales of Miletus, an ancient Greek philosopher who bought the right to use every olive press in the area and was then able to specify his terms when a good olive harvest meant high demand for the presses.
难点：option的理解，olive press的理解，term的理解
分析：option是期权的意思，这句话中的right就是指option right。这里这个希腊人其实是起初买了一个看涨期权（他买的不是压榨机这个机器的所有权，而是在将来卖出这个压榨机使用权的权利）

6、The equivalent in investment terms is to hold mostly ultra-safe assets and have a sliver of wealth in something that offers a huge pay-off if there is a positive surprise.
难点：equivalent的理解
分析：这里equivalent就相当于the similar action / practice

7、The valid reasons why people become employees (pensions, say) or companies become bigger, such as economies of scale, are skated over.
难点：(pensions, say)在语境中的理解，such as economies of scale在语境中的理解，skate over的理解
分析：这里(pensions, say)是针对reasons why people become employees的补充举例，such as economies of scale是针对reasons why companies become bigger的补充举例

8、It is also a highly entertaining one, thanks to Mr Taleb’s in-your-face nature.
难点：in-your-face的理解

9、“Antifragile” is as much about the author as it is about the world.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：这句话其实是一句承上启下的句子，上是about the world，下是about the author

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Farish Jenkins (Nov 17th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、A Marine Corps captain, he trained as an artillery officer, “cascading expensive, high explosive ordnance onto stockpiles of junk cars”.
难点：句子结构，cascade的理解
分析：a Marine Corps captain是he的前置同位语。我个人认为，这里trained前应添加was，train as一般用作被动，这里如果理解为过去分词，句子就没有谓语了，感觉有点怪。cascade A onto B是“把A倾倒到B上”的意思，这里stockpiles of应表示数量多

2、Unlike most modern academics, he defied categorisation into narrow specialism.
难点：categorisation的理解
分析：根据语境判断，这里应该是说这个人拒绝细分科学，所以这里categorisation可以理解为一种“动名词”形式，在语意上保留了动词的意义，这句话的语意相当于defy to categorise what he studied into narrow specialism

3、A “hybrid” as he put it, he was anatomist, zoologist and vertebrate palaeontologist in equal measure.
难点：in equal measure的理解

4、He feared that he and his friends would be left “to build our careers with carefully stacked minutiae”.
难点：carefully stacked minutiae的理解
分析：这里应该是指那些繁琐的重复劳动

5、Later, he illustrated his lectures with fine anatomical drawings, painstakingly rendered with what he proudly called Harvard’s best collection of sharpened chalks (he was not a PowerPoint person).
难点：句子结构
句子结构：过去分词短语painstakingly rendered with what he proudly called Harvard’s best collection of sharpened chalks修饰fine anatomical drawings

6、Students loved that, and how he timed his lectures to the second.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：这里second是“秒”的意思

7、It was not just his clothes and vocabulary that were old-fashioned.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：It was ... that ...是强调句式，not just修饰的是his clothes and vocabulary这个整体

8、Unusually for modern academia, he showered praise on colleagues and deprecated his own triumphs.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：unusually for modern academia是修饰整句句子，意思是下面所说的内容在现代学术界中是非常珍贵的、不同寻常的

9、The beast took offence and charged; Mr Jenkins made it back to his car minus a lens cap.
难点：charge的理解，minus的理解，lens cap的理解
分析：it在这里无意，minus在这里有except的意思，lens cap是相机镜头的盖子

10、His efforts reached, he said proudly, “circus-like” proportions.
难点：circus-like的理解
分析：这里是说马戏团里动物受训的许多动作，他在大自然中都观察到过；或者说，他所研究的动物的这些动作，很多都可以搬上马戏团的演出中

11、Mr Jenkins was a distinctive addition to the landscape: invariably well-dressed, and sporting a beloved Czechoslovak rabbit-fur hat, a pocket-watch, a flask of vodka and a gun.
难点：sport的理解

12、The trophies of those trips were carefully chipped open at Harvard.
难点：chip的理解，open的理解
分析：这里be carefully chipped是说拆卸、安放展品的过程，这里open有“展出”的意思

13、In fossil-speak the discovery was “the elpistostegalian central to understanding the emergence of tetrapods”.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：the elpistostegalian central to understanding the emergence of tetrapods这个相当于一个省略be动词的句子，作was的表语，central to understanding the emergence of tetrapods不是elpistostegalian的定语，而是elpistostegalian的逻辑表语

14、Mr Jenkins spotted its distinguishing feature: that it opened its mouth by lifting its upper jaw.
难点：spot的理解
分析：这里spot是discover的意思

15、It initially looked like “road kill”, his colleague Neil Shubin said: a 190m-year-old mash of four different frog skeletons.
难点：road kill的理解

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Charlemagne: Milking the budget (Nov 24th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、Contrasting attitudes to farming have dogged the European project at least since Britain joined in 1973, through budget rows and wider clashes between protectionists and free-traders.
难点：dog的理解

2、Britain got little from the CAP, which absorbed almost 80% of the EEC budget, driving Margaret Thatcher to secure a permanent rebate on the country’s net contribution in the early 1980s.
难点：secure的理解

3、And to protect western farmers, subsidies for eastern Europe are being phased in only gradually, with low ceilings.
难点：ceiling的理解

4、But much farm support ought to revert to national level, with strict rules on competition and state aid to prevent too much of a free-for-all.
难点：free-for-all的理解

5、Sadly, the pressure for even modest reforms, let alone a root-and-branch liberalisation, has dissipated.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：let alone a root-and-branch liberalisation是介宾短语（let alone是介词词组）

6、It removes the European Commission’s proposed cap on large payouts.
难点：cap的理解

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Brewing in South Korea: Fiery food, boring beer (Nov 24th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、Local brews such as Cass and Hite go down easily enough (which is not always true of those writhing tentacles with their little suction cups).
难点：go down的理解
分析：这里go down的理解要结合语境。这里所说的语境，至少应该考虑到如下三点：（1）go down的主语是Local brews such as Cass and Hite；（2）writhing tentacles don't always go down easily enough；（3）Local brews such as Cass and Hite go down easily enough.应与下一句Yet they leave little impression on the palate.形成转折或对比。综合这几方面，我认为这里go down是表示be remembered的意思

2、This in effect kept all but Hite and OB from bringing foamy goodness to the masses.
难点：foamy goodness的理解
分析：结合语境，这里foamy应表示数量上的多且规模上的小，goodness应指优秀的啤酒企业

3、This is still a lot, but there are short cuts.
难点：short cut的理解

4、This is because the big boys don’t use it: their beers have their tasty, bureaucrat-bothering bacteria removed at the brewery.
难点：big boys的理解，bureaucrat-bothering的理解，句子结构
分析：big boys即指韩国的两大啤酒制造商，bureaucrat-bothering bacteria的意思相当于bacteria which are bothering bureaucrat。冒号后的句子谓语是have something done的结构

5、“It’s enough to drive you to drink,” sighs Mr Vroon.
难点：句意在语境中理解
分析：这里you是自指，这句话的深层次意思是，ZF行为让他们的酒没法卖了（要卖也就只能卖给自己了）

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Manufacturing: The new maker rules (Nov 24th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、“YOU can carry your own head in your hand,” enthuses Bre Pettis, inviting customers to try out a three-dimensional photo booth that will scan their head and then print a miniature plastic version of it as a solid object.
难点：You can carry your own head in your hand.的翻译
分析：这句话要与全文最后一句Humans have no cause to hold their heads in their hands.想呼应

2、This is useful, no doubt, for those about to audition for the role of Zaphod Beeblebrox in “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy”.
难点：about的理解
分析：(be) about to do something表示情态上的将来，这里相当于those (who are) about to audition ...

3、Add to that another 1.8 billion consumers who will join the global marketplace in the next 15 years and “Manufacturing the Future”, a new report by the McKinsey Global Institute, has good cause to be optimistic.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：add to that another 1.8 billion consumers who will join the global marketplace in the next 15 years和“Manufacturing the Future”, a new report by the McKinsey Global Institute, has good cause to be optimistic是and连接的两个并列句。在第一并列句中，add to引导祈使句，that作副词（或形容词）修饰another 1.8 billion consumers，who引导定语从句。在第二并列句中，a new report by the McKinsey Global Institute是同位语

4、The point at which this decline starts varies (the share usually peaks at 20-35%), as does the rate of decline.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：主语the point，at which this decline starts是at which引导的定语从句，谓语varies（不及物），as引导时间状语从句（或者说是伴随状语）。在该时间状语从句中，主语the rate of decline，谓语does（指代varies，倒装）

5、These last two categories have typically been offshored by rich countries and probably will be for some time.
难点：offshore的理解，probably will be for some time的理解
分析：offshore本来是一个形容词或副词，这里派生为动词，表示“离岸外包”的意思。probably will be for some time部分省略了动词结构，补全是probably will be (offshored) for some time

6、In the other areas where rich countries compete, there is a dark cloud building.
难点：there is a dark cloud building的理解
分析：building是现在分词修饰dark cloud

7、McKinsey sheds new light on another old saw: is manufacturing superior to services?
难点：saw的理解

8、Humans have no cause to hold their heads in their hands.
难点：句子在语境中的理解与翻译
分析：与全文首句形成呼应。首句的You can carry your own head in your hand.是比较浅层的意思，即“手里提着自己的脑袋”；末句Humans have no cause to hold their heads in their hands.的意思要结合前句Still, robots need people to build, program and maintain them.的意思，意思比较深入，表示“人类思想不可能被行为所操控”

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Unions in America: Poking Walmart, choking Twinkies (Nov 24th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、Christine Bennett, a customer-service worker at that same Walmart, quietly read a letter explaining that she and those behind her were protesting against “Walmart’s attempts to silence and retaliate against associates who have spoken out about things like Walmart’s low take-home pay, unpredictable work schedules and unaffordable health benefits.”
难点：silence的理解

2、This was one of what organisers claim are 1,000 protests at Walmarts in the days before “Black Friday” (November 23rd, the day after Thanksgiving), the biggest shopping day on the American calendar.
难点：句子结构
句子结构：主语this，系表结构was one of what organisers claim are 1,000 protests at Walmarts in the days before “Black Friday” (November 23rd, the day after Thanksgiving), the biggest shopping day on the American calendar。在该系表结构中，what organisers claim are 1,000 protests at Walmarts in the days before “Black Friday” (November 23rd, the day after Thanksgiving), the biggest shopping day on the American calendar作of的介词宾语从句。在该从句中，what organisers claim是主语，are 1,000 protests at Walmarts in the days before “Black Friday” (November 23rd, the day after Thanksgiving), the biggest shopping day on the American calendar是系表结构。在该系表结构中，the biggest shopping day on the American calendar是“Black Friday”的同位语

3、The UFCW retorts that Walmart is “grasping at straws”.
难点：be grasping at straws的理解与翻译

4、Some say the current protests have less to do with convincing Walmart’s workers to join unions than with stirring up antipathy towards the company.
难点：比较结构
分析：比较的两句话
A: The current protests have to do with convincing Walmart’s workers to join unions.
B: The current protests have to do with stirring up antipathy towards the company.
比较的结果A less than B

5、Nimbler firms were eating Hostess’s lunch.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：这里eat one's lunch表示“挤占某人市场份额”的意思

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Schumpeter: Taking the long view (Nov 24th 2012 )

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、He refuses to offer earnings guidance to equity analysts.
难点：earnings guidance的理解与翻译
分析：这里earnings代指公司业绩，guidance是“解读、导读”的意思

2、Rick Wartzman, the director of the Drucker Institute, said its critics were gaining momentum.
难点：gain momentum在句意中的理解
分析：这里表示“越来越有说服力、愈发可信”的意思

3、“Long-term results cannot be achieved by piling short-term results on short-term results,” Drucker once remarked.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：这句话是说“基于短期目标而获得的短期成就无法符合公司的长远利益”

4、But hang on a second.
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：这是一句转折句，表示“凡事还得三思”的意思

5、But what is long-term value if not short-term results piled upon each other?
难点：句意在语境中的理解
分析：这句话与上文的Long-term results cannot be achieved by piling short-term results on short-term results.相照应，是一句反问句，if not相当于unless

6、Google, LinkedIn, Zynga and other tech companies have adopted dual-class voting structures that allow the founders to resist the pressure to produce short-term results.
难点：dual-class voting structures的理解与翻译
分析：这是一种同股不同权的股权结构，从公司治理角度看，公司上市以后管理层也可以具有高度的决策权，即普通公众股东无法表决公司重要事项

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Economics: Micro stars, macro effects (Nov 24th 2012)

由于时间原因，译文没空修改了。句子翻译会给出我自己的理解。

1、This effect was most pronounced for cars in poorer condition: the probability of a sale rose by 23%, with prices up by 5%.
难点：pronounce的理解
分析：这里有“反映明显”、“适用”的意思

2、Studies show that shoppers overwhelmed by choice may simply walk away.
难点：by choice的理解与翻译
分析：这里是“非强迫”、“自主”的意思