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Lesson 3 Matterhorn man,, ,,Listening compre
Lesson 3 Matterhorn man
Listening comprehension
1 Introduce the text
T: Today we'll talk about the first people to climb mountains as a sport in the Swiss Alps.
2 Understand the topic
T: What can you see in the picture?
3 Listening objective
T: Listen to the text (or read it silently) and see if you can answer this question:
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
4 Play the tape or read the text or wait for the students to finish reading silently
5 Answer the question
After the reading, ask the question again: What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Train the students not to shout out the answer. Instead, ask one student, then ask the others to agree or disagree with a show of hands.
Answer: To get to the top by the easiest route. (ll. 2-3)
6 Intensive reading
Play the tape or read the text again, pausing after every sentence to check the students understand.
Obtain brief explanations to difficulties in the text from the students themselves. Only use Chinese if a confirmatory translation is necessary.
7 Play the tape or read the text again
8 Reading aloud
Ask one or two students to read the text aloud.
Comprehension questions
1 What is the Matterhorn? (It's a mountain in Switzerland.)
2 What route do modern alpinists try to climb mountains by? (One which will give them good sport.)
3 What is the advantage of a difficult route? (It is more highly regarded.)
4 Was this always the case? (No, it wasn't.)
5 When was this not the case? (In the pioneering days.)
6 What were the early climbers looking for? (The easiest way to the top.)
7 What was the prize they sought? (The summit.)
8 Which summits were more highly regarded? (Ones (or Summits) that had never been attained before.)
9 What did they often face during their explorations? (Difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature.)
10 How were these early climbers equipped? (In a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought.)
11 Did they have more than one aim? (No, they didn't.)
12 Is it easy for us nowadays to realize how difficult it was for the pioneers? (No, it isn't.)
13 What did most Alpine villages tend to be like in those days? (They tended to be impoverished settlements, cut off from civilization by high mountains.)
14 Were there any exceptions? (Yes, there were. Zermatt and Chamonix.)
15 What were the inns like? (Generally dirty and flea-ridden.)
16 What kind of food was there? (Local cheese and bread that was often twelve months old.)
17 What did climbers do when a valley boasted no inn at all? (They found shelter wherever they could.)
18 What was the local priest's situation like, compared with his parishioners'? (He was usually as poor as they were.)
19 What was the accommodation like among these people? (Invariably dirty, poor and very uncomfortable.)
20 How did these alpinists live at home? (They ate seven-course dinners and slept between fine linen sheets.)
21 How must they have found the change to the Alps? (They must have found it very hard indeed.)
Asking questions: Ask me if…
T: Ask me if modern alpinists try to climb mountains by an easy route.
S: Do modern alpinists try to climb mountains by an easy route?
T: What kind of …?
S : What kind of route do modern alpinists try to climb mountains by?
1 modern alpinists try to climb mountains by an easy route. (What kind of…)
2 a more difficult route is more highly regarded. (How)
3 this was not the case in the pioneering days. (When)
4 the early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top. (What)
5 the summit was the prize they sought. (What )
6 they faced difficulties and dangers during their explorations. (When)
7 they were equipped in a way that would make a modern climber shudder at the thought. (How)
8 they went out of their way to court excitement. (Why didn't)
9 it is hard for us to realize how difficult it was for the pioneers. (Why)
10 Zermatt and Chamonix had rapidly become popular. (Which places )
11 Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements. (What… like)
12 most inns were generally dirty and flea-ridden. (What … like)
13 the bread was often twelve months old. (How old)
14 climbers often found shelter with poor priests or shepherds. (Where )
15 these men must have found the Alps hard. (Why)
Reconstruct the text
1 Modern alpinists ---- climb mountains ---- route ---- give good sport, ---- more difficult ---- more highly regarded.
2 In pioneering days ---- not the case. Early climbers ---- look for easiest way to top ---- because summit ----prize sought ---- especially if never attained before.
3 True ---- during explorations ---- faced difficulties and dangers ---- most perilous nature ---- equipped in manner ---- make modem climber shudder at thought, ---- but not go out of way ---- court excitement.
4 Single aim ---- solitary goal ---- top!
5 Hard ---- realize nowadays ---- how difficult ---- pioneers.
6 Except for ---- places ---- Zermatt and Chamonix, ---- rapidly become popular, ---- Alpine villages tend ---- impoverished settlements ---- cut off from civilization ---- high mountains.
7 Such inns as were ---- generally dirty and flea-ridden; ---- food local cheese ---- bread often twelve months old ---- wash down ---- coarse wine.
8 Often valley boast no inn at all ---- climbers find shelter wherever could ---- sometimes local priest (usually poor as parishioners), ---- sometimes shepherds and cheese-makers.
9 Invariably background ---- same: ---- dirt ---- poverty ---- very uncomfortable.
10 For men accustomed ---- eat seven-course dinners ---- sleep ---- fine linen sheets at home ---- change to Alps ---- very hard indeed.
Topics for discussion
1 Have you ever been up any mountains? If so, which/where/when? If you were climbing a mountain, would you prefer the easiest route to the top, or a more difficult route that would impress other people?
2 Do you know any villages that are particularly remote and poor? If so, where are they and what are they like?
3 Do you believe that tourists should stay away from villages that are too poor to house them'? What effects ---- good or bad ---- do you think tourism has on people in developing parts of the world?
Key to Comprehension
Possible answers
1 The modern climber's attitude differs from that of the pioneer, in that the modern climber wants a route that will give him good sport, whereas the pioneer was only interested in getting to the top by the easiest route.
2 The three factors that made most Alpine villages inhospitable places were poverty, dirt and discomfort.
Key to Vocabulary A possible answer
Chris Bonnington was the first person ever to reach the summit of the Eiger by a route that included the sheer North Face.
The chance to become well-educated is widely regarded as being the best opportunity a person can have.
Sir Edmund Hilary and Tenzing Norgay reached the summit of Mount Everest on May 29, 1952.
Various experts have sought an explanation for the strange lights seen occasionally in the sky in Western Scotland, but so far without success.
The prisoner faced her accusers in court with confidence.
Without her engines, and drifting towards the rocky shore, the ship was in an increasingly perilous situation.
How is it that one nation will delight in eating delicacies that make another nation shudder?
Using a chain-saw without proper training and protective clothing is courting disaster.
This cup is the solitary survivor of my grandmother's set of twelve.
The wool from Herdwick sheep, a hardy mountain breed, is so coarse, it is mainly used for carpet-making.
The village had once boasted a school and a small general shop, but these had disappeared when the new road was built.
Friday is invariably the busiest day of the week on the roads.
Key to Sentence structure
A See text.
B
A possible answer
I like mountaineering because I enjoy the space, the fresh air and the exercise.
One problem with so many people taking up mountaineering is that the paths up popular mountains are becoming as wide as roads, and erosion is scarring the mountainsides.
The experience of reaching the top of a high mountain and looking at the view for miles around is one of the best sensations in the world.
Key to KS Exercises
A We can use either adjectives or adverbs in the construction the + comparative + the + comparative to express cause and effect: when one condition is fulfilled, a given result follows.
A possible answer
1 The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive.
2 The more you try to explain, the worse your situation becomes.
3 The sooner I finish this job, the better I shall feel.
B See text.
C The rule for the normal position of often (and other adverbs of indefinite frequency) is ‘after an auxiliary or before a full verb’. This means:
---- after the subject in questions: Is he often impatient?
---- after be when it is the only verb in a sentence: He is often impatient. (The exception is when be is echoing a previous verb, as in short answers: Yes, he often is.)
---- after the first auxiliary verb when there is more than one verb: He will often be working late.
---- before the main verb when there is only one verb: He often made rash decisions.
---- before used to and have to: I often used to/had to work late.
But often can come before the auxiliary if we wish to put special stress on the verb: He often will be working late. And in questions and negatives, often can come at the end of a clause, post modifying the entire subject-and-verb phrase: Have you been there often? I haven't thought about it often. The end position is also possible, though less usual, in affirmatives, in which the effect is the same, post modifying the entire statement: I think about you often. Especially if we combine it with an adverb such as most or very ,often can also come at the beginning of the sentence: (Most) often, I just have a sandwich for lunch.
This order is characteristic of relaxed conversation, and the position indicates that often applies to the whole of what follows.
1 (Often) I am (often) in such a hurry (often), I (often) don't (often) have time for breakfast (often).
2 We (often) buy things we (often) don't really need (often).
3 He is (often) sent abroad (often) by his firm (often).
D Many adjectives, hard, difficult, impossible, easy, etc., can be followed by to-infinitives, and these adjectives enter easily into the pattern: It + be + adjective (+ for noun/pronoun) + to-infinitive: It is hard (for us) to realize … In such sentences, the true subject is the infinitive phrase (For us) to realize…, but this is stylistically unacceptable in English, so we use It as a preparatory subject instead, pushing the infinitive phrase to a position after the verb. In general statements, and when it is obvious who the infinitive refers to, we can omit the for + noun/pronoun.
1 It was impossible for them to avoid getting wet.
2 It is difficult to say the right thing when people are grieving.
3 It is easy for you to be cheerful about it, but it was my money.
E Such combines with plural countable nouns: such requests, and with uncountable nouns: such freedom, and means ‘like this/like these’. Such + noun + as could be replaced by noun + like this/these that … .
1 I always find it impossible to refuse such requests.
2 Such freedom must be balanced by personal responsibility.
3 I had not expected to encounter such difficulty.
4 Such films as were completed at that time were interesting only in terms of photographic technique.
F In accustomed to, used to, object to and look forward to, to is a preposition (not park of a to-infinitive), and so is followed by an object, i.e. a noun, a pronoun or a gerund (or ‘-ing form’). If the object is a gerund, we use a possessive form (my, your, etc. ) to indicate the person doing the action.
1 I am used to the baby's waking me in the middle of the night.
2 Do you object to my opening the window for a little while?
3 I am looking forward to seeing you on the 23rd.
Special difficulties
A
1 Situation means ‘position’: In your situation, I would have done exactly as you did.
Case means ‘a particular instance’: In a case like this one, the court usually awards custody to the mother.
2 We do not use either specially or especially at the beginning of a sentence. To express ‘more than usually’, either word is possible: I think you'll find this article specially/especially interesting. But specially, not ‘especially’ to mean ‘for a particular purpose’: I had this desk specially made to suit my height. And especially, not ‘specially’ to mean ‘in particular’: I (especially) wanted to see that production of‘Taking Sides’ (especially).
3 Realize means ‘become aware of’: I realized at once what you meant; or ‘be aware of’: I don 't think you realize the seriousness of your situation.
Understand means‘comprehend’: I understand what you mean.
In these meanings, both verbs are usually stative, and thus are not usually used in progressive (or ‘continuous’) tenses.
4 Both except and except for mean ‘with the exception of’, and are used especially after every/any/nocom pounds: Everyone except (for) you has already signed the photo. Only except for can be used at the beginning of a sentence: Except for last year's party, the summer party has always been out of doors.
And only except in front of a prepositional phrase: Except in his first job, he had always enjoyed what he did．
5 We pronounce both coarse and course in exactly the same way.
Coarse means ‘rough’, ‘not fine’: coarse salt, coarsely-chopped onion, coarse speech, a coarse joke.
We use course to refer to a phase in a meal: the first course, the meat course, a sweet course, etc.
Course also means‘pathway’ or ‘direction’: the course we have followed; a racecourse; the course of a river; or it means ‘a series of lessons’: I've signed up for a course in navigation.
6 A house is a building for one family to live in. (Buildings divided up into flats for more than one family are known as ‘blocks of flats’ or ‘apartment blocks’, not ‘houses’.) Their house is only five minutes from the station. A house or flat becomes a home when you refer to it as the place you live in: Are you going home now? Is your father at home? or the place you belong to: Home is where the heart is.
B
Possible answers
1 They did not make any special effort to court such excitement .
2 Please ask him to move to where he will not cause an obstruction .
3 The cottage was remote from the main thoroughfares.
4 The table is inconveniently located.
5 I'll call in when I am passing from one place to the other.
6 We must do this exercise as/in the manner we have been taught.
Repetition drill
It depends what you are looking for
Chorus, group or individual repetition
To elicit statements involving the use of the + comparative … + the better to express a preference.
T: Drill 3. It depends what you are looking for. This is the situation. Listen. Do not speak.
Mr. Bellamy is a businessman. He needs a new secretary and has gone to a personnel agency. Miss Swain, the director of the agency, is trying to find out what sort of person
Mr. Bellamy wants. This is how their conversation begins:
(1) T: Well, Mr. Bellamy. This new secretary you want. Say she isn't very tidy?
S : Oh, she must be tidy. The tidier she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
(2) T : And what if she doesn't work very hard?
S: Oh, she must work hard. The harder she works the better, as far as I'm concerned.
(3) T : Well, let's suppose she isn't very intelligent?
S: Oh, she must be intelligent, the more intelligent she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
T: Now you answer the questions in the same way. Ready?
1 As in (1) above.
2 As in (2) above.
3 As in (3) above.
4 T : Say she isn't very efficient?
S: Oh, she must be efficient. The more efficient she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
5 T : Say she isn't terribly interesting?
S : Oh, she must be interesting. The more interesting she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
6 T : Well, what if she isn't very polite'?
S : Oh, she must be polite. The more polite she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
7 T : Let's suppose she doesn't type very fast?
S : Oh, she must type fast. The faster she types the better, as far as I'm concerned.
8 T : And say she can't start soon?
S : Oh, she must start soon. The sooner she starts the better, as far as I'm concerned.
9 T : Well, let's suppose she isn't very experienced?
S: Oh, she must be experienced. The more experienced she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
10 T : Say she isn't very young?
S : Oh, she must be young. The younger she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
11 T : And say she isn't very good-looking?
S : Oh, she must be good-looking. The more good-looking she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
12 T : What if she isn't terribly elegant?
S : Oh, she must be elegant. The more elegant she is the better, as far as I'm concerned.
T: You aren't paying enough, Mr. Bellamy. The only way such an angel would work for you is if you were lucky enough to make her your wife.
Key to Multiple choice questions
1 c 2 a 3 B 4 d 5 a
6 c 7 d 8 a 9 B 10 a
11 c 12 d |
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发表于 2003-5-4 13:47
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