第一二部分的讲义地址：
http://bbs.kaoyan.com/t4032804p1
http://bbs.kaoyan.com/t4032805p1
历年真题中考察逻辑关系的题目汇总（题号如下）： 2011年: 1、6、13、20 2010年：7、12、15、18 2009年：15、17、18 2008年：5、14 2007年：9、12 2006年：1、7、11、14、18 2005年：1、5、6、9、16、20 2004年：22、25、27、34、40 2003年：24、28、35、38 2002年：22、29、31 2001年：31、36、42、46 2000年：41、42 1999年：47 1998年：47 1997年：42、44、48 1996年：46、50 1995年：50 1994年：46 例题：2011年考研英语完形填空真题 Ancient Greekphilosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious tohealth.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably haslittle influence on physical fitness. Laughter does __2___short-termchanges in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heartrate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__,a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walkingor jogging does. __6__, instead ofstraining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate thatlaughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after thelaugh dies down. Such bodily reactionmight conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the actof laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback that improvean individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, ourfeelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It wasargued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscularresponses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strackof the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a peneither with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with theirlips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercisetheir smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did thosewhose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions mayinfluence emotions rather than just the other way around. __20__ , the physicalact of laughter could improve mood. 1. [A] among [B]except [C] despite [D]like 2. [A]reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce 3. [A]stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining 4. [A]transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe 5. [A]measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable 6. [A] Inturn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief 7. [A]opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected 8. [A]hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxed 9. [A]aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance 10. [A]physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal 11. [A] Exceptfor [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for 12. [A]with [B] on [C] in [D] at 13. [A]unless [B] until [C] if [D] because 14. [A]exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] suppresses 15. [A]into [B] from [C] towards [D] beyond 16. [A]fetch [B] bite [C] pick [D] hold 17. [A]disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent 18. [A]adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted 19. [A]suggesting [B] required [C] mentioning [D] supposing 20. [A]Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similarly [D] Conversely 1. [A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 6. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief 13. [A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 20. [A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely 1、答案: [C] 分析: 本题考查上文逻辑关系，这是完型12类填空中最基本、也是最容易得分的一类填空。考生只要熟练掌握本书总结的完型上下文（句）逻辑关系就能做出此类填空。而且本题尤其简单，因为出题人已经在本填空所处的句子开头给出了已知线索“But”，等于已经直接告诉了考生是“转折逻辑关系”，答案自然只能是选项 [C]despite。despite 表示让步，但让步属于转折的一种，其意思是“尽管，但是”，与“But”的意思最雷同，所以本题也是一种复现。 例题: 2004年考研英语完型的第40题 All these conditions tend to increase theprobability of a child committing a criminal act, (40) ____ a direct causalrelationship has not yet beenestablished.
40. [A] provided [B] since [C]although [D] supposing
6、答案: [B] 分析：本题目考查逻辑关系。本题目十分简单，因为出题人以复现的形式在本填空所在的句子中已经给出了标志词“instead of”，此标志词表达一种对比、转折关系，因此只能选择[B]In fact，因为In fact也表达转折的概念。 13、答案: [D] 分析：本题考查上下文的逻辑关系。首先考生可以看出本填空所在的句子是对之前那个理论的进一步详细论述，而之前的理论是说明“我们情感部分源于身体反应”，即人的“心理”与“生理”之间的互动关系。把握了这一点，本题的逻辑关系就很好定位了。定位本填空的前后的原文信息，之前的信息为“humans do not cry”；之后的信息为：“they are sad”，这就是“生理”和“心理”的互动关系，因此本填空最佳的逻辑关系应该是“因果关系”，答案为选项[D]because。 20、答案: [C] 分析：本题考查逻辑关系，是很简单的题。考生只要根据填空后的句子意思为：“the physical act oflaughter could improve mood（发笑的生理行为可以改善情绪）”，此句子信息显然与前面的信息是一致，答案明显是[C]Similarly。 2011年完型为例：只做逻辑关系题 + 加“猜”题方法的得分 完型文章的布局结构特点 ▇ 完型文章一般都有明确的中心主线 整个文章的中心主线包括鲜明的主题（FOUCS），同时文章往往又具有很强的导向性或者作者态度具有倾向性；这个主题以及这种导向性或倾向性其实就构成了完型文章的中心主线，成为从整体上把握完型文章的关键点。中心主线贯穿全文，即整篇文章就是围绕着中心主线展开。 完型文章- 主线控制全文的文章 ▇ 完型文章往往采用总分对照结构 从文章结构的角度来看，能够将文章的中心主线非常简洁地表达清晰的结构往往是总分对照的结构。所以，我们通过大量的总结个分析后发现考研英语的完型文章在文章结构上经常采用总分对照的形式，这就为我们迅速从整体上把握一篇完型文章提供了非常便利条件。 总分对照结构是由总述部分和分述部分构成，总述是对分述的总结和概括，而分述是对总述的展开和祥述，两者之间有着明确的互相支持，互相印证的对照关系。 完型文章：一个主线、一个结构（总分结构） * 分析2001年考研英语完型填空文章的布局结构 The government is to ban payments to witnesses bynewspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial ofRosemary West. In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press. LordIrvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the Houseof Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year whichsaid that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control. 39 of the letter came two days after LordIrvine caused a 40 of mediaprotest when he said the 41 ofprivacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the HumanRights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rightslegally 44 inBritain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to courtto protect themselves and their families. "Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges," he said. Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 lifesentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their storiesto newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate theirstories in court to 50 guiltyverdicts. 32.[A]tightening [B]intensifying [C]focusing [D]fastening 34.[A]illogical [B]illegal [C]improbable [D]improper 文章布局分析：此篇文章的中心主线相当明确，而且中心主线就在文章的首句 — The government is to ban payments towitnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31the trial of Rosemary West.（政府将要禁止报界向证人付钱以期买通那些卷入诸如罗丝玛丽审判等著名案件的证人）。此中心主线可以用下列图表表示出来： Ban
| | | | | file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif | | | | file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif |
Buy Up
Tell file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif
文章的主题（FOCUS）：探讨媒体向证人付钱的法律问题； 文章的导向：政府对“媒体向证人付钱”持绝对的负态度；
| 
发表于 2011-11-18 14:35
