考研英语阅读答疑

iscanace

我是2017届的，英语专业，2021考研的孩纸们需要考英语的可以来找我，我可以帮你们阅读长难句解析，阅读答题技巧，英语考研备考方法噢！留言就可以啦[害羞]

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iscanace

阅读题技巧分享

如果说，考研阅读是两部分构成，一个是文章，一个是题目。

之所以选不对，道理很简单，被选项干扰了。

那么一个选项为什么会具有干扰性？是因为选项的话和文章的话太过相似，或者选项之间的意思太过相近，以至于混淆。

那么有没有一种可能性，不被干扰呢？答案是有的。这就是命题人本人不会被干扰。也就是说，如果想要不被干扰，一个中心思想就是不断逼近命题人的出题思路。一眼就能堪破正确选项，不去纠缠错误选项，就直接得出答案，也就不被干扰了。

比如说，

That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong - and yet most did little to fight it.----2008年第四篇第二段

假如面前有这么一段话，我们如果是出题人，我们会如何出题？考试是有规律的，特别是考研阅读必然有两个规律，

其一、选项必须符合段落主旨或全文主旨

其二、选项不可能让你一个个找，否则在给定时间内做不完，没有区分度（换言之如果出现一道题，你通过选项查找细节做题，那么你的方法一定出错了。）

也就是说，在这一段话中，实际上大量的细节是没有任何意义的，他也不可能出题，因此它能出题的范围是有限的，只有在这几个，

That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong - and yet most did little to fight it.-

这三个加粗部分是唯一能够考的地方。

首先是开头的that，开头出现that、these、this等指代词，不是无来由的，他在文章中起到承上启下的作用，也就是说他必然需要出题。因此这一篇第一题就是考这句话。第一段是一个例子，这一段开头出现that，承上启下，刚好就是答案，

接着是but，强转折，需要出题。最后一句话的，More significantly，是一个强调性语气，必须出题。果然，在这一年的第二题，

37.We may infer from the second paragraph that
　　[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.
　　[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.
　　[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.
　　[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.

这一道题是一道推理题，假如不明白出题方向，就会一个个选项去找，那么很显然，一定选错。因为你把他的干扰性全部看完了。但是如果知道了出题方向，他的答案只能集中于两句话，

But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. 
More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong - and yet most did little to fight it.

因此A选项，我不知道有没有DNA，这两句话没有DNA这个词，因此直接排除。

C选项，我不知道有没有杰斐逊，反正我没有看到这个词，直接排除。

结果，答案只能在B和D选项之中，最后一句话就是解题方向，这句话的主语是国父们，而不是贯穿美国历史，所以选择B选项。

可以看出，DNA、杰斐逊在文章出现与否没有关系，反正我不知道。我不知道一定不是正确选项。

所以做完一篇阅读，不妨逆着考生思路，而在命题人思路中运作，可能有奇效。

接着我也以2010年第三篇为例

In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.
31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to
[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics
[B]discuss influentials’ function in spreading ideas
[C]exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics
[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.

现在我们来看这一段，请问什么地方会出题。其实一眼看过去，马上看到了最后一句话的but，这就是出题点，他必然出题。直接把后半句看完，答案就是B。

那么这道题的强干扰项是C选项，因为C选项在but之前出现过，但是注意，出题人在哪出题是被规定死的，绝不可能他想怎么出就怎么出。

当然了，这道题是有固定套路的解题，这种题目是所谓的例证题，是例证题中的开头就出现例子。一般来说，开头出现一个例子，接着作者开始阐述自己观点。

而这就是这个套路，这种题目的答案在例子后的一句话，而这段话中，例子后的一句话是

The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.

出现一个the idea，跟上面那个2008年是一个套路，是指代，承上启下。而在句子中出现but强转折，所以答案只能在后面的but句子中，接着直奔主题就行了，其余怎么干扰跟我没关系

The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory" ______.
A．serves as a solution to marketing problems.
B．has helped explain certain prevalent trends.
C．has won support from influentials.
D．requires solid evidence for its validity.

这道题，很好定位，

　The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”： Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends。

这道题对应这一段话。但是我们一看到这段话就傻了，这段话也太长了。

但是没关系，出题点是给定的，绝不可能脱离他而出题。

第一句话是定位所在句，是我们必须要读的，我们可以看到这句话中出现了a plausible-sounding but largely untested ，这是一个负面性的回答，因此答案选D

很多人会说，其他选项呢？答案是不需要看，为什么呢？因为已经出现了如此强烈的语气的话，不可能不出题。

好，假如有人认为不保险，你也不需要看这段话，你要看句子之间的关系，你会发现

The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”： Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods.

我们可以看到，后面是举例说明，并且出现了also，足以说明后面的例子是并列。

注意当句子之中出现and、句子之间出现also，一定存在一种干扰项，叫做以偏概全。因此这道题A、B就是在这里干扰

比如说，

我爱吃苹果、香蕉和梨。
问：XXXXX
A、苹果
B、香蕉
C、梨

答案选什么？答案是，都错。因为作者是爱吃三个东西，你就举了一个东西，肯定错。

请看这道题，

While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.
Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside ________.
[A] didn’t start till the Shakespearean age
[B] has brought much benefit to the NHS
[C] is fully backed by the royal family
[D] is not well reflected in politics

这道题，一开始就出现了一个while，让步状语从句。让步句子，从句部分不出题。所以答案是逗号后面的那半句话，所以答案选择D，实际上这半句有没有看懂都没有关系。

但是，你看这个从句部分是一个并列结构，再看干扰选项，就是这个并列结构的某一项提出来考你。说白了，这帮出题人一点创意都没有。

　　In their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far lessimpact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don’t seem to be required of all.

33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that
　　[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions
　　[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media
　　[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public
　　[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention

这道题显然非常简单，他出现了一个however转折，必然出题。于是后面就提出了论点，即有影响力的人很少影响社会潮流。注意，这里的less，也是常常出题点。后面出现了一个in fact。in fact中文翻译为事实上，但是他在文章中起到的作用是重述，也就是把前面那句话重新说了一遍。比如说

我爱她。事实上，我可以为她做任何事情。

所以说出现in fact，重述有两个含义，

1、前后句子挑一句话读，哪个简单读哪个句

2、为什么要重述？因为要强调，所以必然出题。

因此答案选择A，那么这道题的干扰项在哪呢？一个是这句话能不能读出来，另一个是influentials 和 influence这两个词。

当然，下面那一句话也已经出现了是顺接着这一段继续阐述，干扰项几乎都集中于下面那段话。

For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.
34.The underlined phrase “these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who
　　[A] stay outside the network of social influence
　　[B] have little contact with the source of influence
　　[C] are influenced and then influence others
　　[D] are influenced by the initial influential

这道题目的these people是很好定位的，但是很好定位，恰恰说明难点不在定位。

但是，这道题目还是非常简单的，因为these明显考察指代。那么指代什么？一定指代上面那句话。因此读懂上面那句话就可以解题了。并且上面那句话出现了一个however，是典型的出题标志。所以选择C，跟加粗部分同义替换。

但是我们要注意，加粗部分是一个并列结构，假如他要干扰你，就把and的一部分成为选项，跟上面是一样的（看D选项，就是这样命题的）。

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.They found that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.
35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?
　　[A]The eagerness to be accepted
　　[B]The impulse to influence others
　　[C]The readiness to be influenced
　　[D]The inclination to rely on others

这道题对应最后一段话，那么这道题目的出题点就是加粗部分的but。rather单独出现意思是是递进。为什么递进？因为强调。所以这里就是出题点。答案是C

但是有个难点，就是有没有看出他是被动语态。

这是命题人思路，再看考生思路。考生拿到这道题，看到，先判断题型，是一道细节题。通过dynamics 来定位。

Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.

这样就找到了所在句。但是所在句不等于出题句。细节题特别需要防止顺承带来的细节错位。你可以把这句话进行读，然后看选项有没有答案。你会马上被最后一句话被干扰，这是一个and的并列句。根据上面所说，一定会出现一种选项通过抓住一个部分进行干扰。B和C选项就是如此。所以此时的C选项应当是一个错误选项，因此ABCD全部被排除（如果在这一步不是如此，那么就会被干扰）

马上，你会看到下面那句话出现了一个they，这是指代，承上启下的。你就必须读下面那句话，说白了，就是这段话都要读（实际上有经验的人会直接读这句话，而不是读上面那句话）。

They found that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people.

这里的插入语部分可以不读，因为插入语是不会出题的。你还是会发现but，rather，这就回归到前面那个模式。

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芒果那个香蕉

是不是单词是基础。单词会了才能用技巧。不然看不懂还是一脸懵

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粗线条666

我也是英语专业的，准备21年考研，可以当小师妹吗[额..][额..][额..]正处于迷茫期

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