2018北外MTI翻译基础真题回忆+分析

小田甜学姐17

经和考完的同学们聊天，大家普遍反映今年MTI的词汇部分偏难，根据大家的回忆，学姐整理出了部分真题考到的词汇，供大家参考。也欢迎童鞋们各种补充哈！

英译汉词汇包括：

AIIB 亚洲基础设施投资银行（亚投行）

CDM清洁发展机制

flipped classroom 翻转教室

ethereum 以太坊

universiade 世界大学生运动会

INDC国家自主贡献文件

on board infotainment 车载信息娱乐

AI 人工智能

graphene 石墨烯

demographic dividend 人口红利

汉译英词汇包括：

小康社会 a moderately prosperous society

上市公司 a listed company

造林工程 afforestation

译制片 a dubbed film

食品添加剂 food additives

行政审批 administrative examination and approval

风景名胜 a place of interest

民主集中制 democratic centralism

社会主义核心价值观 core socialist values

表情包 emoticon

中共中央军事委员会 Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee

《论语》 The Analects

共享单车 shared bicks

看到这些词汇的第一反应是，学姐考研前发的100个词汇押题和模拟卷果然还是压中了几个词！能帮同学们多拿个几分，真是超级满足~~~

从以上词条中可以看出，词汇翻译部分依然和时事联系紧密。比如，在新能源汽车发展的背景下，石墨烯电池就成了热门话题；人工智能也是大家一直在关注的。在十九大的背景下，政治话题经常被提起，于是就有了民主集中制、中央军委和社会主义核心价值观等等。因此，大家今后的复习思路依然要保持和时代接轨。

英译汉的短文出自IPS的一篇新闻报道：

A survey of rural in- and out-of school young people towards agriculture, based on field-work in two regions in Ethiopia, is remarkably rich and insightful. Life as a farmer was tied to life in a village which most respondents saw as hard and demanding. Yet there was considerable heterogeneity in the views of the young. Participants in both regions concurred that agriculture has changed significantly over the last decade. The introduction and adoption of agricultural inputs such as improved seeds, fertilisers and better farming methods have produced significant increases in productivity and earnings.

There were competing narratives on whether agriculture was becoming more desirable to young people as a result. Participants felt that these developments were making agriculture more and more profitable and therefore more appealing. But they felt that there was a huge obstacle in engaging in it – scarcity of land. Although the dominant view was that young people are disinterested in agriculture, some participants pointed out that this was not always the case.

A slightly more positive attitude towards agriculture was evident among young people who had left school, either failing to complete high school for various reasons or to qualify for higher level education. Although this group of respondents were equally aware of the grimness of traditional agriculture and the life of the common farmer, many were not dismissive of agriculture as a possible future livelihood, while a few even saw it as a preferred livelihood option, under improved conditions.

段落主要写埃塞俄比亚的年轻人对于从事农业生产的态度。整体看来，文章理解的难度并不大，可能出现问题的地方有以下几处。

1. A survey of rural in- and out-of school young people towards agriculture, based on field-work in two regions in Ethiopia, is remarkably rich and insightful.

这里的rich和insightful都是指survey的。因此，rich在这里应该理解为“信息量丰富”，insightful可以理解为“深刻”。

2. Life as a farmer was tied to life in a village which most respondents saw as hard and demanding.

这句话的结构是第一个难点。which衔接的定语从句限定的中心词是life as a farmer。第二个难点是对于demanding的理解。demanding大部分同学会理解为“要求高的”，但从另一个角度想，它是指做农民这件事“很吃力”。因此，可以说成是“从事农业生产需要一辈子待在农村，大部分人认为这种生活很艰难、吃力。”

3. There were competing narratives on whether agriculture was becoming more desirable to young people as a result.

competing narratives指对某事的看法有分歧。句尾的as a result是说年轻人最终的归宿。

4. A slightly more positive attitude towards agriculture was evident among young people who had left school, either failing to complete high school for various reasons or to qualify for higher level education.

这句话的理解其实并不困难，主要是后面either … or… 的处理。这里有两种建议的译法。第一种，可以处理为“无论是由于各种原因未能完成高中学业的人，还是已经从学校毕业希望继续攻读更高学位的人，都是如此。”第二种，可以处理为“他们有的是由于各种原因未能完成高中学业的人，有的是已经从学校毕业希望继续攻读更高学位的人。”

汉译英的原文是出自中新网对北京园博园的报道：

[size=1em]这个依山而建、占地1.3公顷的北京园，由三进庭院组成，融汇了皇家园林的精华，包括幽雅的宫廷园、富丽大气的山水园、含蓄内敛的山地园，处处彰显了皇家园林富丽典雅的气质。步入北京园的第一进院，是个四合院式的宫廷园林，依景种植松石、翠竹，还有以白色花卉为主的牡丹、玉兰、海棠，体现了幽静、典雅的宫廷氛围；第二进院是自然与人工交汇的山水园，突显堂皇大气，是全园景观的经典；第三进院则是一处既含蓄又内敛的皇家山地园，北京园的主要建筑“万象昭辉”就坐落于此。“万象昭辉”是北京园的最高点，拾阶而上，登上高处，园内的方池、书楼、廊榭、亭台、石桥尽收眼底；放眼园外，可看见京石铁路上的高铁列车飞驰而过，仿佛预示着繁荣的过去与快速发展的今天。

这种类型的汉译英一般要求是先把意思翻对，然后再考虑韵味。这几年北外MTI的汉译英题目全部以中国风命题，体现了对中国古典文化的重视。练习这类的翻译可以参考张培基的《散文翻译108篇》和《中国文化读本》英译本。

从题目来看，层次比较清晰。要求先翻出对北京园的总体概述，所谓“三进庭院”，就是由三个部分的院落组成。这三个院落分别是宫廷园、山水园和山地园。然后再分别描述这三个庭院。最后是对“万象昭辉”这个景点的描述。

层次分析清楚之后，就是考虑选词了。有的同学表示，牡丹、玉兰、海棠这些词不熟悉，在遇到这种情况的时候，可以用总结的办法来概括，寻找上义词。比如，这里可以直接处理成white flowers。再比如，“万象昭辉”如果觉得一时间很难处理得简洁，可以音译为Wan Xiang Zhao Hui。

学姐后续的文章会专门为大家讲一下这一类偏文学的文本该如何翻译。