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Section III
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.
48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.
“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
46. This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
又是翻译的时候。一样，只要找到句中的主谓宾就可以迎刃而解。但这句有两个逗号后面没有连接词的句子，这是修饰词；修饰词顾名思义，修饰它之前的名词或动词。先看看主谓宾；主语：movement，注意一下，movement可以是类似民主运动、政府修法、人口移动、物品运输…等等，所以要看上一句找出这是什么movement；从上找到是from Europe to America的人口移动，称美洲移民；谓语因为有连接词的关系有两个：一个是built，建筑、建设等；另一个是shaped，塑造、成型等。宾语则有三个：一个是相应第一个谓语的 nation，国家，第二个是character，人格、个性、性格，第三个是destiny ，命运。其它单词也写出来：driven by＝被什么驱使之下，wilderness＝野外、大自然。好了，应该写的出来吧。许多强力和多元的理由驱使之下，众人横渡大西洋在荒野之中建起了一个属于他们的国家，这种气势成就了未知大陆的命运和这国家的性格。By nature可以翻译成就本质而言，也可以是自然而然；它也不是修饰连接词的，它修饰了整个前半句。
47.The United States is the product of two principal forces – the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics, and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
主谓宾很简单，在‘－’之后的说明也不会太复杂；总而言之，还是比较直接的句子。主语：United States，美利坚共和国；谓语：is；宾语：product，成果、成品。Two forces，两股力量；第一股是immigration peoples，你没看错，peoples，复数，指的是‘众多民族’；不要翻译称‘人们’。第二股力量是新国家的成立。翻译吧：两个不同的力量造就了美利坚共和国：第一股是众多欧洲民族的移民有各自不同的想法、习俗和民族个性；第二股是来到这新国家更强化了各民族的特征。
48.But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
有点像46句的开头，用连接词开头，后面马上来一个修饰词，所以我们先看看修饰词；因为它没有谓语，所以不是一个完整的句子，而被称为词，可以把它理解为解释的背景说明。Geographic是地理的意思，peculiar是奇特的。；修饰词是‘美国特有的地理环境作用下，’。好了，还是要看主句的主谓宾：主语被连接词连起来了，有两个：interplay和difficulty，分别为相互作用和困难；谓语是caused，造成；宾语是changes。主语对各位同学应该是比较困难的，知道‘of’是形象的归属词，不要硬翻成‘的’，‘varied national groups upon one another’是各民族团体之间…,‘maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent’是在危险、未知的新大陆上维持旧世界法则…。Raw是生猛、狂野、危机四伏，不只是看电影时‘生肉’的单一意思。看看翻译：不过，由于美国特有的地理环境的作用下，各个民族之间的相互作用产生巨大的变化，在一个未知的危险新大陆上维持旧世界关系的顽固想法也随之改变。
49. The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th and 16thcentury explorations of North America.
要反应到这是比较词：more than…，还有 …which is now the US…是修饰前面的‘territory’，领土。如果你发现这两点这句也不难了。More than比较的是时间，也就是first shiploads of immigrants，一满船的移民，抵达的时间和explorations of North America，发现并探险北美，最初的时间。第一梢船满载着横渡大西洋的移民前往现在称为美利坚共和国的土地是在十五、十六世界的北美洲开荒百年之后的事情。
50.The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure–house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.
有一个好字，‘veritable’，好好记着能在写作时使用，是‘名副其实’的意思。另一个字，‘virgin’，看到不要太兴奋，virgin forest确实可以翻译成‘为开发的处女地’，但‘原始森林’是不是更好呢？老样子，还是找出主谓宾：主语是forest；谓语是was；宾语是treasure－house，大宝库。修饰主词的字较多，还有which之后的都是修饰treasure－house的。翻译：这一片原始森林确实是一个大宝库，拥有着丰富而且种类繁多的树木，一直从现在的Maine州延绵到Georgia州。 真的好大一片森林，从美国东北一直到东南，涵盖了除了Florida州的整个东岸。不要浪费翻译特有人名、地名，照样写就好了；不扣分的。
Section IV
Part A 和 Part B还是不写例子，让各位同学自由发挥。要不然大家写的都差不多看起来也没有多大意思。不要想太多，按照自己思路写出自己所见的东西就好了；不要过分依赖模板，要不然以后当上研究生以后过分依赖模板就有可能去抄袭别人文章去了。这时最要不得的。
当然也有练习的方法： 像写日记、日志、电影观后感想、城市景点、新闻等等进行练习。目标是暑假每天一篇，九月到十月一周一篇，十月后两周一篇坚持到考试。加油。
以上就是2015年英文（一）。
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楼主
发表于 2018-3-21 12:53
楼主: GeneTell
