英语啊!考研的难关啊!
第一大难关是什么?!单词 一本一本少说也是300多页的考研词汇书!!!!!
何必拼上半条命去围绕那不知道具体会考哪些单词的300多页单词记得昏天黑地?
突破第一大难关 紧扣真题单词开始!未来每日更新一篇
同志们赏脸的就帮我顶起!
Text 1
Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.
Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.
invitation (n)邀请;邀请的话或信
force (n)力,暴力,武力,说服力,控制力(v)强迫,迫使,强行,加强
whisper (v)低语,耳语;发出沙沙声;私下说(n)低语;谣传,私密说;沙沙声
pressure (n)按,挤,压,榨;紧迫,艰难;压力,强制,逼迫,催促;大气压力;
(v)对…施加压力;迫使,说服
lead (v)带领,引导;劝导,影响;通过;居首,率先;经历,花费;致使,引发,领先,开始(n)领导,榜样;首位,领先;领先的距离;暗示,提示
drug (n)药物,药材;麻醉药,毒品(v)使麻醉;下麻药(毒品)于…;使感到无聊
casual (a)偶然的,碰巧的;随便的,非正式的;临时的,不定期的;荒唐的,漫不经心的
contend (v)竞争,斗争;比赛;争论,坚持主张
positive (a)确定的,明确的;有把握的,确信的;过于自信的,独断的;肯定的;积极的,建设性的,确有益处的;证实的,实际的,实在的
social (a)社会的;社会性的,群居的;社交的,好交际的;上流社会的;联谊的(n)联谊活动
cure (n)药物;治愈;治疗法;(v)使…恢复健康;消除弊病;被加工处理
organization (n)组织,体制,编制;(政党、社会、企业等的)组织、团体
dynamic (n)力学,动力学;(一项运动的)所有力量
individual (a)个人的,个体的;供一人用的;独特的(n)个人,个体;人
improve (v)改善;使变得更好
possibly (ad)无论如何,究竟;也许,可能
recipient (n)接受者,领受着,接受器,容器
offer (v)提出,提供;奉献,贡献;试图;出价,开价,提供出售;呈现出,使出现(n)提供,提议;意图;想做
host (n)主人;旅店老板;寄主,宿主;一大群,许多;军队
sponsor (n)担保人,保证人;教父,教母(v)做担保人,做广播电视节目广告出资人,做教父(母)
anti- [前缀表“反对”,反抗,排斥
program (n)节目,表演;节目单;纲领,要领,计划,方案(v)为…安排节目,把…列入节目;为…制定计划;为…编制程序
prevention (n)预防,防止,阻止,妨碍;预防药,预防法
initiative (n)发端;创始
recruit (n)新兵,新水手;新成员(v)补充…兵员;吸收新成员;请求帮助,得到供应
promote (v)提升;促进,发扬,助长,提倡,增进
among (prep)被…所环绕,在…中间;从…中;在…之中;划分,分配,所有,联合活动;相互
promising (a)有指望的,有希望的,有出息的,有前途的
perceptive (a)知觉的,感觉灵敏的,有察觉力的,有理解力的
observe (v)遵守,奉行;纪念,庆祝;看到,注意到;说,评述,评论;观察
critique (n)评论文,短评;批评术,批评法
lameness (n)跛;不充足
campaign (n)战役;竞选运动(v)参加活动,搞运动
mobilize (v)动员
demonstrate (v)论证,证实;以实例说明;演示;表明,表示,示威
seriously (ad)严肃地;认真的,当真的;严重地
flawed (ad)有缺点的,错误的
plead (v)恳求;以…作为答辩,以…作为理由,以…作为借口;辩护,抗辩,申明
billboard (n)广告招贴板
desire (v)想望,期望,希望;要求,请求(n)强烈的愿望,想要的东西
fitting (a)适当的,适合的,相称的;(n)试穿;装置,设备,家具
convincingly (ad)令人信服地,有说服力的
advocate (n)提倡者,拥护者;辩护者,律师(v)拥护,提倡,主张
ought (v)应当,应该
skill (n)熟练,熟巧,能力;技能,技巧,技艺
apply (v)贴用,敷,涂;应用,使用;集中精力做某事;申请,请求;适用
general (a)普通的,全面的,全体的;广泛的,普遍的;大概的,概括的;一般的,综合的;最高的,最重要的
effectiveness (n)有效,有力
persuasive (a)劝说的,劝诱的;有说服力的
irrelevant (a)不相干的,离题的
detail (n)细节,详情;逐一处理,详细;小分队(v)详述,细说;分遣
exploration (n)勘察,探索;研究,调查,研究
biological (a)生物学的
factor (n)因素,要素;因子,因数;代理商
glaring (a)耀眼的,闪光的;炫目的,显眼的;目瞪的,怒目而视的;显著的
flaw (n)裂隙,裂缝,瑕疵;错误
present (a)出席的,在座的;现在的,目前的,现存的;(n)现在,目前;礼物(v)介绍,引见;上演;提出,呈递,提供;赠送,授予;给予
fund(funding) (n)基金,专款
evidence (n)证据 (v)是明显,显示
produce (v)生产,出产;制造;出示;产生,引起;上演,演出,出版
limited (a)有限的;有限制的;停站少的
doubt (v)怀疑,不信,拿不准(n)怀疑,拿不准;拿不准或未决定的情况
exert (v)行使,运用,使用
enormous (a)极大地,巨大的
influence (n)影响力,感化力,有影响力的事物(人)
emerge (v)露出,出现;暴露,被知晓
megative (a)否定的,否认的;反对的;反面的,相反的,消极的(n)否定词,否定语;否定的观点
spread (v)伸展开,铺开,摆开;布满;展开,展现;流传,散布;传播;涂敷,撒,抹;摆放(饭菜)(n)伸展,扩散;展开的距离,面积;桌布,床单,床罩;涂料
via (prep)经过,经由,取道
subtle (a)敏锐的,有辨别力的;微妙的,细微的;不明显的,不直接的,巧妙地,狡猾的;精巧的,精妙的
unconscious (a)失去知觉的,不省人事的;不知道的,未发觉的;无意识的,不知不觉的
certain (a)一定的,必然的,确信的,有把握的;必定会发生的;某,某一,某一些
expert (a)熟练地,老练的,有经验的;专家的,内行的(n)专家,内行,权威人士
bureaucrat (n)官僚;墨守陈规的官员
select (v)选择,挑选,选拔(a)挑选出来的,精选的,优秀的,杰出的;(协会,学校等)选择成员严格的
steer (v)驾驶,掌舵;被驾驶,开起来;遵循;引导,指导
virtuous (a)有道德的,善良的,贞洁的
direction (n)支配,指导,管理;命令;指示,用法说明;方向,方位;趋向,倾向
tactic (n)战术,策略,手法
insist (v)坚信;坚决要求
顺序是从12年的阅读真题开始总结的 直到03年的阅读真题 每日一篇,每日记一点,不带任何压力的渐渐看到奇迹! |