给2013年考研英语基础一般的同志们

龙跃九原

楼主同求  349446492@qq.com

miyaviforyoujun

2009Text1
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation.
So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact, the more new things we try-the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” .“But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will...” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.
mindless  （a）没头脑的，愚笨的，无知觉的；不注意的，不留心的，忘却的  ~ly（ad）
pilot   （n）领港员，领航员，舵手；飞行员；[喻]向导，带路人。领导人（v）给船等领航或领港；[喻]带领，指引，引导
relax  （v）（使）松弛，（使）放松；休养，休息，娱乐
unconscious  （a）失去知觉的，不省人事的；不知道的，未发觉的；无意识的，不知不觉的
comfort  （v）安慰，使舒适（n）安慰；安慰者，给于安慰的东西；舒适，安逸
familiar  （a）有好的，熟悉的，亲密的；无拘束的，放肆的；了解的，熟悉的，通晓的；众所周知的，普通的，长剑的（n）密友
routine （n）例行公事，日常工作，常规，惯例，机械方式，程序（a）日常的，例行的，常规的
unreflecting  （a）不反射的；不反省的，缺乏思考的
implication  （n）牵连；建议，暗示；含有…的意思，暗示
creative  （a）有创造力的，创造性的
innovation  （n）革新，创新，改革
conscious  （a）有意识的，意识到的，自觉地；清醒的，明白的；有…意识的  ~ly（ad）
parallel  （a）平行的，并行的；相同的，类似的（n）平行线（或面）；类似的事（或物，人，情况等）；比较；纬线，纬圈（v）使成平行，与…平行；比得过，配得上，与…相应；比较
path  （n）（走出来的）路，小道，小径；（公路旁的）人行道；路线，路程，轨道；（思想，生活，行为等的）道路，路径，行动，路线（a）没路的
cell  （n）小房间（修道院，监禁室）；槽，盒，蜂房巢室；细胞；热元件，燃料电池
dismiss （v）让…离开，打发；免…的值，解雇；消除，不考虑
inherent  （a）内在的，天生的，特有的   ~ly（ad）
workplace  （n）工作场所
personal  （a）个人的，私人的；本人的，亲自的；身体的，容貌的；人身的，涉及个人的，攻击人的；[语]人称的；[法]属于个人的，可动的（n）[美][常用复]报纸上有关个人的简讯
bother  （v）打扰，烦扰，搅扰；烦恼，麻烦（n）令人讨厌的事物，麻烦的事
procedure  （n）过程，步骤，程序
worn   （a）用旧的，穿旧的，穿破的；筋疲力尽的，耗尽的
deliberate  （a）深思熟虑的，蓄意的，故意的；审慎的，不慌不忙的；缓慢的，不急的（v）仔细考虑   ~ly（ad）
pathway  （n）小路，小径
bypass  （n）迂回的旁道，旁通管（v）绕过，绕…走
explore  （v）勘探，在…探险；探究，探索，钻研  exploration（n）~er（n）
unaware  （a）不知道的，不注意的
fascinate  （v）迷住，使神魂颠倒，强烈地吸引住；吓住，使呆住  fascination（n）
decide  （v）决定，决意；解决，裁决，判决
capacity （n）容量，容积；能力，才干，本领；职位，性能
challenge  （v）提出挑战，表示异议，非难，怀疑；向某人提出挑战要求比赛；查问的口令（n）挑战；要求，需要，鞭策   ~r（n）
primary  （a）初级的，初等的；原有的，原来的，（颜色）原色的；首要的，主要的（n）（次序，质量等）居首位的事物；（常用复）候选人选拔会，初选
analytic（al）   （a）分析的，分解的，解析的；分析学家   ~ly（ad）
collaborate  （v）协作，合作；与…勾结
innovative  （a）创新的
adolescence  （a）青春期，青春
preserve  （v）保护，防护，维护，维持；保存，保藏，防腐；腌（肉等），把…做成蜜饯（果酱），把…制成罐头（食品）；维护（尊严，名誉等）（n）[常用复]蜜饯，果酱，罐头水果；禁猎地，（畜养鸟兽的）苑，林，鱼塘
emphasis  （n）强调，重点；重音，加强语气
highlight （v）以强光线照射；使显著，使突出
analysis  （n）分析，分解，解析
perpetuate  （v）使永久存在，使不朽   perpetuation（n）
foster  （v）养育，抚养；助长，促进；怀有，抱有（a）有领养关系的
common  （a）共有的，共用的；公共的；共同的；普遍的，常见的；普通的，一般的；无军衔的；粗俗的，低劣的   ~ness（n）
excellent   （a）优秀的，杰出的   ~ly（ad）

叼熊

顶，谢谢了，楼主！{:soso_e132:}

miyaviforyoujun

2009Text 2
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom – or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore – and another $120 to get the results.
More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.
Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption.DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to search for a family’s geographic roots .
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father’s line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.



boost  （v）升，提；提高，促进；吹捧
paternal  （a）父亲的，像父亲的；父方的，父系的，得自（或传自）父亲的  ~ly（ad）
wisdom  （n）智慧，才智，明智；学问，知识
confirm  （v）确认；证实，确实；（基督教中）施坚信礼（使成为正式教徒）
paternity  （n）父亲的身份，父权，父系；[喻]渊源，来源，出处
local  （a）地方的，当地的；局部的；沿途逢站必停的，速度慢的（n）慢车；工会的地方，分会
drugstore  （n）药店，杂货店
prescription  （n）命令，指示，规定，法规；药方，处方，处方的药
operate  （v）操作，开动，运转；起作用，（药物等）奏效；施行手术，开刀；[主美]经营，管理
counter⒈  （n）计算者，计算器；游戏等计分用的筹码；（商店，饭店等的）柜台
counter⒉  （ad）反方向地，（与…）相反地（a）相反的，对立的，反对的（v）反对，反击，抵消
kinship  （n）亲属关系
adopt  （v）收养；采用，采纳；选定（职业道路等）   ~tion（n）
biological  （a）生物学的
relative  （a）相对的；比较的；相关的，有关系的；相应的，成比例的；[语]（词）表示关系的；亲戚，亲属，亲缘动（植）物
rage  （n）（一阵）狂怒，盛怒；（风浪的）狂暴，凶猛；风靡一时的事物，时尚（v）大怒；（风）狂吹，（浪）汹涌
genealogy （n）家谱，宗谱；家系学   ~ical（a）
search   （v）在…中搜寻，搜查；寻找，探究
geographic（al）   （a）地理学地，地理的
root⒈   （n）根，根茎，地下茎，快根；[解]根，（齿，毛发，指甲等的）根；根子，根源；[数]根；[语]词根（v）生根，扎根，长出根来；被牢固树立，固定不动
root⒉   （v）（猪等）用鼻子拱土；翻，搜，寻找；[俚]（为参赛者等）鼓气，捧场，欢呼，喝彩   ~er（n）
swab   （n）[医]拭子，药签；拖把（v）用药签敷药于，用拖把擦
saliva  （n）涎，唾液
candidate  （n）候选人，候补者
false  （a）谬误的；不诚实的，说谎的；无信义的，不忠实的；假的，不真实的，不可靠的；虚伪的（ad）错误地，虚假地
precision  （n）精确（性），精密，精密度
hawk⒈  （n）鹰（v）带鹰打猎
hawk⒉  （v）叫卖，兜售   ~er（n）
hawk⒊  （v）清嗓，咳嗽
ancestry  （n）家世，世系，列祖
sociology  （n）社会学  sociological （a） sociologist（n）
ancestor  （n）祖先，祖宗；动物品种的原型，原种；ancestress（n）
lineage  （n）血统，门第
chromosome  （n）[生]线粒体
inherit  （v）揭示，揭露；展现，（显）露出
genetics    遗传学  genetic（a）
generation    （n）一代人，世代，代；同代人；一代（常为三十年）；产生，发生
reference  （n）提及，涉及；关系，关联；出处，参照，参考书目；参考资料；证明人，介绍人，证明，介绍，证明书
rely  （v）依靠，依赖
systematic  （a）有系统的，成体系的，有秩序的；有计划的   ~ly（ad）
project  （n）方案，计划，规划（v）设计，规划，计划；投掷，发射，喷射；使凸出，突出；投射（阴影等），映
depend  （v）依…而定；信赖，相信；依靠，依赖；下垂，悬挂
estimate  （v）估计，估量，预算（n）估计，预算；看法，判断

yijiantingyu

额 这是干什么

hnpop23

必须顶啊

hnpop23

LINX1-_- 发表于 2012-7-2 17:14
楼主，跪求你所有的文章~~~和单词~~~~~   非常需要这样的复习方法~~~！！！！    刚好看到了！    楼主 ， ...

465307754@qq.com给我也发份吧，谢谢了

miyaviforyoujun

           2009text3
The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.
Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese countere pants a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it. After all, that’s how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10,000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.
As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the forested future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is.


formal   （a）正式的；不自然的，呆板的；在正式场合穿的，有条理的（n）[口]女士晚礼服   ~ly（ad）
education  （n）教育工作；教育，培养
economic  （a）经济管理的；经济（上）的
growth  （n）生长，成长；增大，增长；生产物，产物
misunderstand  （v）误解，误会，曲解
economist  （n）经济学家
progress  （n）前进，进行；进步，上进，发展（v）前进，进行；进展，进步
area   （n）面积；地区；范围，领域
development  （n）生长，发育，发展；开发；发生，事件
priority   （n）先前，优先，重点；优先权，先取权
fortunate  （a）幸运的，侥幸的   ~ly（ad）
rapid  （a）快的，迅速的（n）[常用复]激流，湍流   ~ly（ad）
train   （n）后拖物，拖裙；随行人员；队长，队列；系列，连续；列车，火车（v）教养；训练，培养；锻炼；使（植物）沿着一定方向生长；对准，瞄准   ~er（n）
radical  （a）根本的，基本的；激进的（n）激进分子，极端分子，激进党派的成员；[化]基，根，原子团    ~ly（ad）
productive  （a）丰饶的，多产的，肥沃的；生产的，生产性的；生产，特定结果的 productivity（ad）
ironical  （a）用反语的；出人所料的   ~ly（ad）
recession  （n）（经济的）衰退，衰退期；后退，退回，撤回
workforce  （n）劳动力，工人总数，职工总数
deride  （v）嘲笑，嘲弄
global  （a）球型的；全球性的
automotive  （a）自动的，机动的；汽车的，机动车的
assembly  （n）聚集在一起的一批人，集合，会议；集合；装配，装配车间；装配线；集合号，集合鼓
counterpart  （n）极相似的物，相对应的人；配对的
construction  （n）建筑，建设；建筑方法，建造术；建造物，建筑物；解释，意义；字在句子中的安排，句子结构，句法关系
illiterate  （a）文盲的，未受教育的；无知的（n）文盲，无知的人   illiteracy（ad）
consistent  （a）一致的，连贯的，始终如一的；与…一致，符合  ~ly（ad）
complexity  （n）复杂（性）；复杂的事物
industry  （n）工业，实业，制造业分支；勤奋
afford  （v）负担得起（…费用，损失，后果等）；敢于做；提供，给予
increasingly  （ad）逐渐地，浅浅地
escape  （v）逃跑，逃脱；逃避，避免；漏出，流出；被…忘掉；无意发现（n）逃跑，逃脱；逃路，出口；心机
poverty  （n）贫穷，穷困；贫乏，缺少
constrain   （v）强逼，强使，强迫
substantial   （a）物质的，实体的，真实的，实在的；结实的，坚固的，牢固的；大的，多的，重大的，大部分的；富裕的，殷实的；重要的，实质性的  ~ly（ad）
foresee   （v）预见，预知
foreseeable  （a）可预见到的

miyaviforyoujun

2009Text 4
The most thoroughly studied in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits ” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church-important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. `Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629,There were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.
We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, The in thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. sexual confusion, economic frustrations , and religious hope-all name together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing , and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched.
Meanwhile , many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion . “Our main end was to catch fish. ”




thorough  （a）彻底的，完全的；绝对的，彻头彻尾的；非常精确的  ~ly（ad）
philosophy  （n）哲学；哲学体系；哲人态度，达观，镇静；哲理；人生观，宗旨；（某一门学科的）基本原则
nowhere  （ad）任何地方都不（n）无处；不知道的地方
colonial  （a）殖民地的，关于殖民地的；（美国独立前）13州时代的（n）殖民地居民
attach   （v）附上，贴上；使依恋，使执着；加上（条件等）；认为…的原因，使与…相关，附属于；任命，委派；依法扣留，查封
pursuit   （n）追赶，追捕，追求，寻求；职业，消遣，娱乐活动
article   （n）物件，物品；条款，条目；文章，论文，专论；定冠词，不定冠词
theme   （n）（谈话，讨论，文章等的）题目，主题；学生的作文，作文题；[音]主题，主旋律；主题歌   thematic（a）
preoccupy  （v）使对…全神贯注，使专心于，使出神，迷住，吸引住；先占，先取  preoccupation（a）
dominant  （a）支配的，统治的，占优势的   dominance（n）
normally  （ad）正常地；通常
theological  （a）神学（上）的；研究神学的
distinctive  （a）区别性的，有特色的，与众不同的   distinctively（ad）
church  （n）教堂，礼拜堂；[宗]礼拜；教会，教派，教会全体成员
neglect  （v）疏忽，玩忽，漏做；忽视，忽略（n）忽略，疏忽，玩忽
examination  （n）观察，检查；考试
original  （a）最初的，最早的，原始的，原先的；新的，独创的，新颖的；有独创性的，有独到见解的；原版的，原版作品，原件的（n）原物；原作品，原文，原件；原型   originality（n）
adjust   （v）为了适应而改变或调整；调准，校正；核算（盈亏），清理账目
circumstance  （n）与谋事件或某人有关的情况、事务等，环境，形势；礼仪，仪式；[复]经济情况
colony  （n）移民队，殖民团；聚居地；殖民地；（艺术家外交家等）一群，同类人的聚居地，（住在国外大都市一区域的）侨民，侨居地；[生]群体，集体，菌落
episode  （n）一部曲，插曲，一个事件
civility  （n）礼貌，客气，礼仪
virtuosity  （n）（在美术音乐等方面）精湛技艺；对艺术品（或古董等）的爱好；（总称）艺术爱好者，古董收藏家
settler  （n）移居者，殖民者，开拓者；[化]澄清器，沉淀器；（纠纷等的）解决者，（问题的）解决者
extensive（a）广大的，广阔的；广泛的，大规模的  extensively（ad）
atmosphere  （n）大气，大气层；空气；气氛，环境；（艺术品的）基调
earnest  （a）认真的，严肃的，诚挚的  earnestly（ad）   earnestness（n）
craftsman （n）技工，工匠，精于工艺的匠人
analyze  （v）分析，分解，解析
superstitious  （a）迷信的，有迷信引起的，相信迷信的  superstitiously（ad）
tailor  （n）（尤指做外衣的）裁缝，成衣工（v）裁制（衣服）；（为某一特定目的）而剪裁制作
emigrate （v）移居外国   emigration（n）
emigrant （n）依据外国的人，移民
sexual  （a）性别的，关于两性的，关于性生活的
confusion   （n）混乱，混乱状态，骚乱；混淆，弄错
frustrate  （v）挫败，破坏，阻挠，使落空     frustration（n）
religious  （a）虔诚的，笃信宗教的；宗教的，宗教上的；认真的，严谨的（n）修道士，修女，和尚，尼姑   religiously（ad）
decisive  （a）决定性的；明确的，果断的
fate   （n）命运；命中注定的事，运气；结局
sermon  （n）布道，说教；（令人生厌的）讲话；训斥；（自然给人的）启示
meanwhile  =meantime  （ad）同时；当时，在那当中（n）其时，期间
slight  （a）微弱的（量）；（身材，体态）细长，瘦小的（v）轻视，忽视，怠慢（n）对他人的轻蔑或怠慢  slightly（ad）略微地
religion  （n）宗教，信仰；宗教，教
clergyman  （n）牧师，教士
mock  （v）嘲笑，嘲弄，模拟；通过模仿进行嘲笑、嘲弄；使失望，欺骗；使无效，挫败（a）假的，虚幻的，模拟的  mocker（n）  mockingly（ad）

摩卡王妃

楼主，强大！必须顶起！