从六大考察题型教你英语阅读解题技巧

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考研英语流传一句话，得阅读者得英语，所以阅读真的是很重要。前几天还听到有人吐槽，阅读错4、5个还有救么，当然有救了！这才哪跟哪儿，现在错这么多，好好总结经验，考研的时候就不错啦。

　　今天学姐为大家从小标题、细节题、推理题、态度题（常考）、主旨题（必考）和词汇题（生词）的为大家讲解阅读解题技巧，希望可以帮到大家~

　　一、小标题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】段落中心+选项核心词匹配

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 分析选项，找出核心词

　　2. 逐一浏览相应段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　在寻找段落核心信息时，主要是看有没有出现标题当中的核心词(包括原词、近义词、同根词等)或段落主题句，如果有，那就是段落的中心或主题，如果没有明显的核心词或主题句，就需要我们对段落信息进行概括和总结。

　　3. 匹配段落中心语义和标题

　　【例题】2016年英语二Part B

　　Directions：

　　Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.

　　[A]Be silly

　　[B]Have fun

　　[C]Express your emotions

　　[D]Don't overthink it

　　[E]Be easily pleased

　　[F]Notice things

　　[G]Ask for help

　　As adults， it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness， often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art - and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy. Instead， they look after their wellbeing instinctively， and usually more effectively than we do as grown-ups. Perhaps it's time to learn a few lessons from them.

　　41___________.

　　(2) What does a child do when he's sad？ He cries. When he's angry？ He shouts. Scared？ Probably a bit of both. As we grow up， we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don't dictate our behaviours， which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions， especially negative ones. That's about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately， and then-again， like children-move on.

　　答案：[D] Express your emotions.

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 分析选项，找出核心词为express， emotions

　　2. 逐一浏览相应段落，查找核心信息，概括段落主旨

　　emotions一词在本段中原词复现了两次，而且第二次出现该词的句子句首是转折词but，在找段落中心时，转折后是必读部分。最后一句提到了出现了关键词express，提到对待情绪的方式是acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately，为段落中心句。

　　3. 匹配段落中心语义和标题

　　D选项中的express在原文中原词复现，emotions 即what we feel的同义替换，选项D与原文完全对应，因此选D。

　　二、细节题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】题干+选项精确定位法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章

　　返回原文可依据以下几个关键点来：

　　1)可以根据题干所列的地点、时间、人物、事物返回原文；

　　2)根据出题的顺序返回原文；

　　3)根据题干中或四个选项中的重点词，或同义词返回原文；

　　4)通过长难句返回原文。

　　2. 将所选答案精确定位到文章

　　【例题】2014年英语二Text 1 Q.21.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　21. According to Dumn and Norton， which of the following is the most rewarding purchase？

　　[A]A big house [B]A special tour [C]A stylish car [D]A rich meal

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1 .题干定位

　　Dumn and Norton---- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton

　　According to----say

　　the most rewarding ----far better

　　purchase---- to spend money on

　　因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema.

　　2. 选项定位

　　答案[B] A special tour

　　special----interesting 表示"特别的，有趣的"；

　　a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。

　　三、推理题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】段落中心句+具体细节

　　【解题步骤】

　　1.找出题干关键词，精确定位到文章段落。

　　2.找出该段落的中心句。

　　3.将段落中心句与具体细节句相结合，与选项匹配。绝大多数推理题答案是文章中心或原文某句话的同义表达。正确答案与原文之间基本上不存在推理关系。

　　【例题】2014年英语二Text 1 Q.24.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？ This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie， an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment， she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat； regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences， say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton， like interesting trips， unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work， spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing， and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself， and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot， anxious about fulfillment， not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness， but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world， and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas， which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　24. According to the last paragraph， Happy Money_______.

　　[A]has left much room for readers’criticism

　　[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us

　　[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 题干定位

　　题干关键词：the last paragraph

　　Happy Money----this book

　　2. 段落中心句

　　该段中出现了两个句间转折词yet和but，中心句应为最后一个转折词之后的句子，所以本段的中心句为most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase

　　worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是"这本书值得购买"


　　四、态度题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】用词的感情色彩或举例的方式

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 根据题干中的关键词回文定位。

　　2. 找出该关键词的相关修饰语，进行感情色彩的判断。在判断感情色彩时，应结合以下两点：

　　1)作者态度可以分为三大类：a.正向态度：支持，乐观，赞同；b.客观、中立、公正；c.负向态度：反对、批评、怀疑。

　　2)特别注意作者的态度一般与文章中心相联系。不要把自己的态度纳入其中，而且要注意区分作者的态度和作者引用别人的态度。

　　3. 匹配选项，匹配选项时应该注意：

　　1)有些选项一定不是正确答案(永陪选项)：indifferent(漠不关心)；subjective(主观的)；biased(有偏见的)；puzzled(迷惑不解的)。

　　2)一般带有绝对化或者过于强烈的语气的选项必然是错误的，如：strongly；completely；entirely。

　　【例题】2014年英语二Text 1 Q.22.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie，an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small， tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment，she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly， what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat；regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences，say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton，like interesting trips，unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work，spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself，and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas，which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is________.

　　[A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 回文定位

　　关键词"American's watching TV"出现在该段第二句话：it would be better… if they spend less of it watching television (something the average spending a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it)。

　　2. 相关修饰词

　　1) It would be better if they spend less of it. 意思是"如果少花点时间看电视则会好点。"

　　2) hardly jollier意思是"不开心"。

　　3) 得出作者的态度是负向的。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[A] critical 批评的----负向态度

　　五、主旨题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】主题词+串线法

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出文章的主题词，通常为名词。

　　2. 找出文章各个段落的中心句，并将中心句串在一起。

　　3. 宏观阅读，匹配选项。正确选项通常体现全局以及概括性信息，因此选项不能选择局部信息，也不能选择范围过宽的信息。

　　【例题】2014年英语二Text 1 Q.25.

　　Text 1

　　What would you do with 590 million？This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie，an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small，tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history.If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment，she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.

　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive.Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes.Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly，what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat；regret creeps in.It is far better to spend money on experiences，say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton，like interesting trips，unique meals or even going to the cinema.These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.

　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most"happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work，spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing，and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself，and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib-a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.

　　Readers of “Happy Money”are clearly a privileged lot，anxious about fulfillment，not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness，but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones.Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world，and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas，which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.

　　25. This text mainly discusses how to______.

　　[A] balance feeling good and spending money

　　[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries

　　[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 文章主题词：fulfillment，spending money，happiness

　　2. 各个段落的中心句

　　第一段：最后一句。该句指出如果老妇人希望这笔新得到的财富获得长期的成就感(lasting feelings of fulfillment)，那么最好读一下《开心理财》这本书。

　　第二段：第五句。该句指出《开心理财》这本书的两位作者的观点，即最好把钱花在一些经历上，这些经历会随着时间的流逝变得更有价值(more valuable with time)。

　　第三段：第一句。该句指出这本书主要涉及的内容是给人们提出了一些"如何从钱财中获得最大幸福感"(happiness bang for your buck)的建议。

　　第四段：最后一句。该句指出，这本书值得够买，体现出作者对这本书持肯定态度，即作者赞同这本书中的观点。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent

　　文章的主题词：money spent

　　lasting satisfaction-happiness

　　六、词汇题解题步骤及技巧

　　【解题方法】题干+上下文语境

　　【解题步骤】

　　1. 找出题干关键词，精确定位到单词所在的语句；

　　2. 结合该词所在的上下文语境进行语义判断。在判断意思时，需要注意若该单词是熟悉的词汇，并且不超纲，那么它的字面意思绝对不是正确答案。其正确答案是根据上下文推出的更深层的含义，该含义也许与原单词表面意思没有关系。

　　【例题】2015年英语二Text 1 Q.24.

　　Text 1

　　A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys.People are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people's cortntlol，which is it at stress marker while they were at work.And while they were at home they found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

　　"Further contradicting conventional wisdom，we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，"writes one of the researchers，Sarah Damaske.In fact，women say they feel better at work.She notes，"it is men not women who report being happier at home than at work."Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without，but more so for non-parents.This is why pcople who work outside the home have better health.

　　What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home，whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home，they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home，they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles，and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women，it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

　　But it's not just a gender thing.At work，people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing：working，making money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining material.

　　On the home front，however，people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done，there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor；they need to be talked into it，or if they're teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus，they're your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.

　　So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite，the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

　　24.The word"moola"(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means___________

　　[A]energy

　　[B]skills

　　[C]earnings

　　[D]nutrition

　　【解题步骤应用】

　　1. 题干定位

　　根据关键词回文定位到文章第四段最后一句The bargain is very pure：Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola。

　　2. 上下文语境判断

　　定位到的句子讲劳动和所得的关系，也就是雇员付出一定的体力、脑力劳动，从而得到维持生活的___。该句的前一句At work，people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing：working，marking money，doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income即工作中，人们清楚地了解他们的任务：工作，挣钱，完成为了获得收入的各种事物。所以可以推断出雇员付出劳动的目的就是获得收入。

　　3. 匹配选项

　　[C] earnings.

　　At work，people ---- Employee，劳动者即雇员；

　　physical or mental labor ---- working，脑力或体力劳动即雇员的工作。

　　至此，从六大考察题型教你英语阅读技巧已经全部整理分享结束，希望对大家的英语阅读练习有所帮助，也祝福大家考研英语阅读0错误！好好练习品味哦~