本帖最后由 liaojunhao 于 2012-8-19 08:34 编辑
Ⅰ.Define the following terms (4 points each, 20%) 1. functional linguistics 2. minimal pair 3. consonant 4. syntax 5. synonymy Ⅱ. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false (1 point each, 10%) 1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. 2. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. 3. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate. 4. The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph. 5. Human language is arbitrary. 6. All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. 7. In most cases, the illocutionary force of “freeze!” is a warning. 8. Linguistics is the course of language. 9. In English, pitch and length constitute intensity which seems to determine stress. 10. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning. Ⅲ.each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives is the most suitable to complete the statement. (1 point each, 20%) 1. The tone, defined as pitch variation, is an important suprasegmental feature of tone languages such as _. A. Chinese B. English C. Chinese and English D. English and French 2. voicing as a quality of speech sounds is caused by the vibration of _. A.the velum B.the vocal cords C.the glottis D.the uvula 3.speech act theory was first proposed by _. A.John Austin B.John Searle C. Noam Chomsky D.John Firth 4. _ is the study of language in relation to the mind. A.Psycholinguistics B.Sociolinguistics C.Linguistics D.Semantics 5.in English-ise and –tion are called_. A. prefixes B. suffixes C. infixes D. free morphemes 6.cold and hot are pair of_antonyms. A. gradable B.complementary C. reversal D. converseness 7. Which description of the meaning components of the word “mother” is correct? A. +human, +adult, -male B. +human, -adult, +male C. –human, +adult, -male D. +human, +adult, +male 8. most of the violations of the maxims of the cooperative principle give rise to_. A. breakdown of conversation B. confusion of one’s intention C. hostility between speakers and listeners D. conversational implicatures 9.according to sequential rules in English, which of the following combinations of sounds in NOT possible in Englsih? A. bilk B.blik C. kilb D. lbki 10. /p/ and /b/ can occur in the same environment and they distinguish meaning. Therefore they are_. A. in phonemic contrast B. in complementary distribution C. a minimal pair D. allophones 11. the fact that children acquire spoken language before they can read or write indicates that language in primarily_. A. spoken B. arbitrary C. human-specific D. written 12. Of the following items, which one does not belong to the same syntactic category? A. the student B. liked C. an idea D. the linguistic lecture 13. Which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of a constituent structure tree? A. it reveals the linear word order of a sentence B. it shows the hierarchical structure of a sentence C. it illustrates the syntactic category of each structural constituent D. it emphasizes the main suprasegmental feature of a sentence 14. Which one of the following is NOT a common English address term? A. First name B. Title alone C. Title, +First name D. Kin term 15. _refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterance. A. competence B. context C. langue D. Parole 16. Y’s utterance in the following conversation violates the maxim of_. X: who was that you were with last night? Y: did you know that you were wearing odd socks? A. quality B. quantity C. Relation D. Manner 17. syntactically, English sentences are built on_. A. words B. morphemes C. allophones D. phonemes 18.the phonetic symbol for the ‘voiced, labiodental, fricative’ is_. A. /v/ B. /d/ C. /f/ D. /m/ 19. Which of the following pair is a minimal pair? A. boot; but B. beam; pin C. rope; rule D. beat; put 20. “Words are names or labels for things.” This view is called_in semantic theory. A. mentalism B. conceptualism C. naming theory D. contextualism IV.Translation Directions: translate the passage into Chinese. (15 points each, 30%) 1) Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics is the study of language and mind: the mental structures and processes which are involved in the acquisition, comprehension and production of language. Perhaps the most well-developed apart of psycholinguistics is concerned with language acquisition in children, although there is a growing amount of work being done on second language and learning. People have also attempted to study such things as speech perception, comprehension and production. These topics of research are intrinsically bound up with the broader psychological studies of studies of cognition and memory. 2).displacement Displacement is a property of language enabling people to talk about things remote either in space or in time. Most animals can only communicate about things in the immediate situation, but human beings can communicate about things that are absent as easily as about things that are present. Ny virture of this feature man can talk about event, locations, and objects which are far removed from the present time and context. He can narrate events, for instance, that took place a long time ago and at a distant place. Displacement occasionally occurs in the animal world, for example, in the communication of honey bees. If worker bee finds a new source of nectar, it returns to the hive and performs a complex dance in order to inform the other bees of the exact location of the nectar, which may be several miles away. But even bees are restricted in this ability, because they can inform each only about nectar. V. fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases given below (2 points each,20%) Morphology, allophones, context, phonetic transcription, hyponymy Arbitrary, prescriptive, structure, synonymy, conversational implicature 1. A linguistics study is descriptive if it describes and analyses facts observed; it is_ if it tries to lay down rules for “correct” behaviors. 2. language is a system of _vocal symbols for human communication. 3. the phones representing a phoneme are called its_. 4. _studies how words are formed, while syntax studies how words are combined to form sentence. 5. syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the _of language. 6. the sense relation between “furniture” and “bed” is _. 7. _may arise as a result of a speaker’s violation of the operational principle. 8. the notion of _is essential to the pragmatic study of language. 9. the words “rich” and “wealthy” are similar in meaning and their semantic relation is described as_. 10. _is a method of writing down speech sounds in a systematic and consistent way. VI. Reading comprehension (2 points each, 20%) 这道题共有两篇阅读理解，都是关于语言学方面的（文章实在太长了，以后有空再打出来） VII.Provide answers to the following questions. (10 points each, 30%) 1. what are the major differences between linguistics and traditional grammar? 2. do you think that morphology and syntax should be treated as separate areas of study? Give reasons to support your views. 3. paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved: Example: smoking grass can be nauseating. a. Putting grass in a pipe and smoking it can make you sick. b. Fumes from smoldering grass can make you sick. 1). Terry loves his wife and so do I. 2). They said she would go yesterday. 3). The governor is a dirty street fighter. | 
发表于 2012-8-18 23:43
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