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发表于 2009-4-25 09:18
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参考了版上一些朋友的总结,和一张过分详细的术语表,觉得不实用
自己总结的,与大家分享
建议理解上记忆,记重要的关键词,学会相互比较记忆
英国文学
Humanism: It is the keynote of the Renaissance. Humanism reflected the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class, which saw the world opening before it. According to the humanists, both man and world are hindered by external checks from infinite improvement. Man could mould the world according to his desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks by the exercises of reason.
Romanticism: At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries romanticism appeared in England as a new trend in literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of the Industrial Revolution and French revolution. The publication of the Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th century, i.e. with classicism, and the beginning of the Romantic revival in England. Romanticism is concerned with the expression of individual’s feelings and emotions.
Critical realism: It is one of the literary genres that flourished in the 19th century. It is essentially democratic and humanistic. The critical realists not only gave a satirical of the bourgeois and all the ruling classes, but also showed profound sympathy for the common people. However, they did not find a way to eradicate the social evils.
Aestheticism: The basis theory of aestheticism is “art for art’s sake”. Aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. Art should be free from any influences of egoism. Only when art if for art’s sake, can it be immortal. The chief representative of the movement in England was Oscar Wilde.
Steam of consciousness: One of the modern literary techniques. It is the style of writing that attemps to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings memories etc. It was first used by the Irish novelist James Joyce under the influence of Freud’s psychological analysis. They abandoned the conventional usage of realistic plot structure, characterization and description.
美国文学
Puritanism: P refers to the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. The Puritans want to purify their religious beliefs and advocate highly religious and moral principles. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and limited atonement. As a cultural heritage, P did have a profound influence on American literature.
American Romanticism: The Romantic period covers the fist half of the 19th century. A rising American with its ideals of democracy and equality, its industrialization, its westward expansion, and a variety of foreign influences made literary expansion possible following the nation’s political independence. Romanticism share certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm , faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s society a source of corruption.
Transcendentalism: The book Nature written by Emerson pushed American Romanticism into the phase of New England Transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism. The major features of T can be summarized as follows:1) the transcendentalist placed emphasis of spirit, or the Over Soul, as the most important thing in the universe; 2)They stressed importance of the individual; 3) They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit of God. Transcendentalism was important to American literature. It inspired a whole new generation of famous authors such as Thoreau, Hawthorne.
American realism: The Civil War brought the Romantic Period to and end. The age of Realism came into existence. It came as
a reaction against the “lie” of Romanticism. It expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low.
Local colorism: Local colorism as a trend made its presence in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and interpreting the local characters of their region and the truthful color of local life.
Naturalism: American naturalism was a new and harsh realism. The American literary naturalists wrote about the helplessness of man, his insignificance in a cold world, and his lack of dignity in face of the crushing forces of environment and heredity. The world was amoral. Men and women had no free will.
Imagism: The First World War made America a different country and its literature underwent a substantial change. The 1920s saw a vigorous poetic movement in America: imagism. The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by the direct treatment of the thing and the economy of wording. The leader of this movement was Ezra Pound. |
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