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西安外国语大学2006年硕士研究生入学考试基础英语试题
l.vocabulary(15 points)
directions: there are 15 incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices labeled a, b, c,and d. select the one that best fits in with each context and draw a bar across the correspondent letter on the answer sheet.
1. in view of the petrol shortsge, _____will be placed on the unnecessary use private cars for pleasure.
a.limitations b.restrictions c.rationing d.banning
2.during a war, many of the normal basic rights of the individual are_____in the national interest.
a.disregarded b.infringed c.suspended d.stamped
3.countries bordered by the sea have a pleasant_____climate because the sea warms the coast on winter and cools it in summer.
a.arboreal b.aquatic c.maritime d.ocean
4.crimes of violence appear to be quite____; but psychologists can usually find a motive hidden away in the criminal’s childhood.
a.senseless b.sensational c.nonsensical d.sensitive
5.l’m afraid the result of the coming election is a _____conclusion
a.foregone b.foreseen c.predictable d.prospective
6.it is possible to organize housework so as to_____inefficiency but not monotony
a.deplete b.minimize c.diminish d.subtract
7.the_____of social security benefits often feel that they are contributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care pensions, etc
a.receipts b.receivers c.recipients d.payees
8.if silicon chips are going to be significant and profitable then Britain ought to have a ____in their manufacture
a.stake b.bid c.bet d.fiutter
9.l had no____ about speaking the language when l was in greece, it was driving on the other side of the road which bothers me.
a.panic b.quake c.nervousness d.qualms
10.as he took his foot off the clutch the car____forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen
a.lurched b.swirled c.staggered d.wobbled
11.at each race meeting hawkins desperately____to beat owen. But he always arrives at the tape a split-second behind
a.drives b.exerts c.contends d.strives
12.some of the people living on the council’s new estate decided to set up a(an)____association.
a.occupants’ b.dwellers’ c.tenants’ d.inhabitants’
13.he thumbed through the rose____to see if there was anything he fancied for his south-facing wall
a.brochure b.catalogue c.pamphlet d.booklet
14.l was going to spend my holiday in ltaly next year but the price of everything has rather____the idea. Perhaps l shall to spain instead
a.bogged me down b.tumed me out c.set me back d.put me off
15.a brilliant writer can____a whole scene effortlessly.
a.invoke b.provoke c.evoke d.stimulate
ll. grammatical structure (15 points)
directions: there are 15 incomplete sentences. Each is followed by four possible answers. Choose the one that best completes each sentence and draw a bar across the correspondent letter on the answer sheet.
16.in such desperate strains did he find himself that he was reduced to____the violin in the streets.
a.play b.playing c.be playing d.having played
17.please try to remember______he said he was going this aftemoon. If you can tell me. L may be in time to save him from trouble.
a.where b.when c.how d.what
18.those twins are so alike that it is nest to impossible to distinguish____
a.who is who b.which is which c.one and the other d.one another
19.you____hurt his feelings by saying that. Even if you thought it.
a.didn’t need to b.needn’t to c.hadn’t needed to d.needn’t have
20.a captain never gives____order to abandon____ship until all___hope of saving it is lost.
a.the;x;x b.an;a;the c.an;the;x d.the;a;the
21.after the arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys____to go to school.
a.to be encouraged b.being encouraged c.to have been encouraged d.be encouraged
22.to a highly imaginative writer,____is a pad of paper and a pen
a.all are required b.all is require c.all that is required d.all required is
23.he’s improving slowly____it’ll be a long time beore he’s fitenough to go back to work
a.but b.for c.as d.unless
24.language is a city, to the building of____every human being brought a stone.
a.it b.this c.that d.which
25.at first she accused me of being a political fanatic, but she soon came round to____that my ideas were not so ridiculous as she had supposed.
a.realize b.realizing c.have realized d.being realizing
26.many political problems are so complicated that the layman cannot see the wood____the trees.
a.of b.from c.for d.with
27.l read that in some book or____; does it matter which it was?
a.the other b.another c.others d.other
28.all was confusion around him;______he remained calm and unruffled.
a.nonetheless b.consequently c.otherwise d.furthermore
29.he is determined to improve his innocence,_____he has to go to the highest court in the land.
a.even though b.even as c.even if d.even so
30.when____, many racists cannot give a logical reason for their attitudes towards other racial groups.
a.questioning b.having been questioned c.having questiond d.questioned
lll. Cloze(20 points)
section a
directions: for questions 31-40, read the text and then decide which word, a, b, c,or d best fits each space. Make your choices and draw a bar cross the correspondent letter on the answer sheet.
Face-to-face conversation is a two-way process: you speak to me, l reply to you and so on. Two-way____depends on having a coding system that is understood by both____and receiver, and an agreed conversation about____ the beginning and end of the____in speech, the coding system is a language like english or spanish; the conversation that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to____. In fact, the____that people use in conversations and meeting are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the voice may mean the end of a sentence; a____of breath may signal the desire to ____, catching the chairman’s eye may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting like a ____,a clenched fist may indicate anger, when these____signals are not possible, more formal signals may be needed.
31.a.exchange b.correspondence c.interchange d.communication
32.a.transmitter b.messenger c.sender d.announcer
33.a.signaling b.symbolizing c.signing d.showing
34.a.idea b.theme c.topic d.message
35.a.notice b.mention c.recognize d.judge
36.a.clues b.signals c.features d.symbols
37.a.deep hold b.noisy release c.big puff d.sharp intake
38.a.interfere b.interact c.interrupt d.intercept
39.a. debate b.lecture c.chat d.broadcast
40.a.auditory b.visual c.verbal d.sensory
Section b
Directions: for questions 41-50, read the text and decide on a suitable word to fill each of the gaps. Remember there is one word for each gap. Write your answer on the answer sheet.
In this week’s issue, our resident film critic discusses the____of cinema going. And the audiences who_____chewing hot-dogs, slurping drinks, gossiping and rustling crisp packets to actuslly_____the film fair complaint, or just cinema snobbery?
It’s the munchers and talkers, not those who complain about them, who are spoiling____people’s simple pleasures and the____seem to me to be self-evident, lunk foods and even popcom and choc.ices when eaten in a____and possibly crowded space, are inclined to demand living spaces. They spread_____about- usually onto other’s clothing crisps. Peanuts and boiled sweets make a lot of____, first when being unpacked then when being crunched or sucked, these are definite_____especially if you yourself-having merely come to see or hear the film-are not eating and not therefore generously sharing your fried onions, mustard and ketchup with the trousere of the stranger in the _____seat.
lv. reading comprehension (10 points)
directions: here is a text. The parts a-f have been removed. Match the parts a-f to the numbered gaps in the text. There is one extra part which does not belong in any of the gaps.
Professor kimura has now discovered that homosexual men tend to do worse in targeting tasks, but are superior in other areas, for example, listing things that are a particular color, this goes one step further towards supporting the theory that part of the brain is pre-programmed.
But despite all the differences that appear to have emerged between male and female brains, professor kimura’s studies indicate that the sexes still have something quite strikingly in common: both, it appears,are sensitive to hormonal fluctuation throughout their lives.
51.___________________________now professor kimura has discovered that males perform best on mental-rotation tests in the spring when, contrary to popular belief, male levels of the hormone testosterone are at their lowest. Autumn, when testosterone levels are high, is when her male subjects fare worst in tests.
52._______________________________________________moreover, weaknesses in certain skills are not fixed immutably, extra training in weak areas for both sexes can go far towards rectifying the gender balance.
53.________________________________________________it’s good step forward towards greater harmony between men and women, it means they can work towards understanding and helping each other, even on the most basic level.
54.____________________________________________________furthermore, says dr apter, the latest findings mean that women need no longer force themselves into activities for which they have natural gift-just for the sake of equality” they don’t have to feel guilty or inferior about doing feminine things. With childcare, for example women have developed the skills of attending to babies and noticing what they need and when they need it this is partly because they spend more time with them. But women do also tend to be quicker at learning how to respond to the young.
55.______________________________________________________________
a.but dr terri apter. A social psychologist at Cambridge university, welcomes the recognition that the sexes have different intellectual abilities.
b.if women want to stay at home looking after children. They should do so. They happen to be very good at it.
c.what’s more, the experts acknowledge that in spite of some evidence to the contrary women generally recognize their superiority in this field.
d.if a man finds his wife is not very good at map-reading and realizes that in may be genetic, he will not only be nore patient but he can teach her how to do it better.
e.women tested by scientists at canada’s york university have been found to score much better on spatial reasoning tests during menstruation when their oestrogen levels are low.
f.of course, as all scientists involved in gender testing are at pains to point out. Their results are only averages, some women will be better at football than most men, and some men will be better at russian than most women.
Part two
Translate the underlined parts of the following text into chinese.(30 points)
(1) the lives of most men are determined bv their environment, thev accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not onlv with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcare running contentedly on their rails and they despise the slightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. L respect them.
(2) I am fascinated by the men. Few enough in all conscience. Who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. At a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and. The choice once made, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the tuming we did.
(3) I never met s more interesting man than mayhew, he was a lawyer in detroit. He was an able and successful one by the time he was thirtv-five he had a large and a lucrative practice. He had amassed a competence. And he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career.one evening he was with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse(or the better) for liquor. One of them had recently come from lately and he told them of a house he had seen at capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.
“it sounds fine”, said mayhew,”is that house for sale?”
“everything is for sale in ltaly.”
“let’s send’em a cable and make an offer for it,”
“what on heaven’s name would you do with a house in capri?”
“live in it”,sald mayhew.
He sent for a cable form, wrote it out, and dispatched it. In a few hours the reply came back. The offer was accepted.
(4) mayhew was no hvpocrite and he made no secret of the fact that he would never have done so wild a thing if he had been sober. But when he was he did not regret it. He was neither an impulsive nor an emotional man but a very honest and sincere one.(5)he would never have continued from bravado in a course that he had come to the conclusion was unwise. He did not care for wealth and he had enough money on which to live in ltaly.(6)he thought he would do more with life than spend it on composing the trivial quarrels of unimportant people, l suppose his friends thought him crazy; some must have done all they could to dissuade him. He arranged his affairs. Packed up his furniture, and started.
Capri is a gaunt rock of austere, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace,(7)it is friendly, remote, and debonair, l find it atrange that mayhew should have settled on this lovelv isiand, for l never knew a man more insensible to beauty, freedom. Or merely leisure; l know what he found, in this place which appears so extravagantly to the senses he lived a life entirely of the spirit,for the island is rich with historic associations and over it broods always the enigmatic memory of tiberius the emperor, from his windows overlooking the bay of naples, with the noble shape of vesuvius changing colour with the changing light, mayhew saw a hundred places that recalled the romans and the greeks. The past began to haunt him. All that he saw for the first time excited his fancy; and in his soul stirred the creative imagination, he was a man of energy. Presently he made up his mind to write a history, for some time he looked about for a subject, and at last decided on the second century of the roman empire, it was little known and it seemed to him to offer problems analogous with those of our own day.
Part three
I. summary(25 points)
directions:write a 150-word summary based on the following text. Note that your summary should cover the main points of the text and that your quotation from the original source should be kept to a minimum.
Overreaction to cloning claim poses other risks
A USA today editorial
Much of the world is now holding its breath, wondering whether eve, the supposed first-ever human clone, born dec,26[2002] is real or a twisted publicity stunt, her existence certainly sounds likes something out of science fiction: announced by the Raelians, a bizarre sect that believes the human race was cloned from aliens 25.000 ago.
The Raelians Clonaid organization promised to provide scientific proof of eve’s authenticity through genetics experts, though it refuses to produce eve or her 31-year-old American mother. It also claims that four more clones are due to be born by February[2003]—a statistic that stretches credulity given that the cloning of mammals since dolly the sheep in 1997 has usually taken hundreds of tries and produced Frankenstein-leaning deformities.
Whether or not eve proves to be genuine, any clone would catch Americans spectacularly unprepared. That’s because conservative republicans and the bush administration have insisted on pursuing a ban on all cloning, their overreach overlooks a more sensible alterative: ourlawing the morality reprehensible cloning of humans but permitting cellular cloning that could cure ailments from Alzheimer’s to spinal injuries.
True to form, within day’s of eve’s birth for senate legislation to ban all human cloning......yet such a knee-jerk reaction ignores critical differences between cloning of the human and therapeutic variety.
Human cloning aims to replicate humans. It requires important implanting a cloned embryo into a woman’s uterus, the Raelians’ claims aside, the practice holds moral, technical and practical risks, attempts to clone humans are certain to follow the path of animal cloning, that means hundreds of failures and the death within days of most clones that do not reach birth, survivors, even if they seem healthy, could be time bombs with unknown genetic abnormalities, besides such vexing moral questions as who has the right to clone another person, family relationships and rights would become a minefield of ambiguity: eve’s mother, for example, would really be her twin.
Therapeutic cloning aims to develop medical therapies, cloned embryos are grown only up to 14 days, long enough to harvest their stem cells, which may eventually prove useful in treating diseases including Parkinson’s leukemia and diabetes, embryos aren’t implanted in a women’s uterus, the step required to clone a human.
Supporters of a total ban would shut off this promising avenue of u.s. research, yet investigations would continue overseas.
A far more sensible approach was proposed last year when the national academy of sciences called for a five-year renewable ban on the cloning of human beings while allowing research on therapeutic cloning.
Regardless whether eve is a clone, her announced arrival delivers a call for responsible action. Like it or not, we already are in a new world of medical advances.
ll. composition(35 points)
directions: write a composition in about 350 words to give your opinion on why and how web addicts should be treated. Write your composition on the answer sheet.
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