回忆09年815试题

Rodano

名词解释
货币非中性
逆向选择
索洛剩余
替代效应


计算
1.关于一个生产函数,(1)求资本劳动数量,与07年国金计算题差不多(2)第二问是假设劳动为固定成本,求边际成本(可能要用到成本与产量的对偶关系)
2.给出条件求IS ,LM曲线,再求产量,最后是给出目标产量,求政府购买要增加的数量


问答:
1.证明:n个厂商的古诺均衡的极限是完全竞争均衡(平狄克课后原题)
2.自动稳定器(税收)


论述
农产品保护价格收购的福利分析（平狄克例题）
用宏观经济政策对经济结构进行调整,增加消费减少投资(06国金试题)


第一篇翻译是经济学人上的原文
Car taxes in China 销售税在中国

Taking another road 殊途同归

Aug 21st 2008
From The Economist print edition

China finds a way to cut car imports without offending the WTO
抑制汽车进口又不违背游戏规则，身处WTO的中国找到了两全之策

LESS than a month after losing its first legal dispute with the World Trade Organisation (WTO), China has introduced a new tax that will achieve much of what it originally wanted, only by another route. Moreover, it is a “green” tax. Who could object to that?
在首次与世贸组织的法律纠纷失败后不足一月内，中国采用了一个新的税种，通过这条道路基本上可以实现最初的诉求。而且这是一个不会受人拒绝的“绿色税收”

For the past few years China has imposed a special 25% tariff on imported car parts, rather than the usual 10%, if the parts made up more than half of the value of a vehicle. (Imported new cars are also subject to a 25% tariff.) This was to encourage foreign carmakers to use more local suppliers and reduce imports. But America, the European Union and Canada argued that the tariff was against WTO rules. In July the WTO, based in Geneva, agreed.
过去的数年间，中国针对构成整车价值50%以上的进口部件强制征收25%的特别关税，而普通商品的关税率只有10%。（整车进口的税率同样是25%）此举目的在于鼓励国外汽车制造厂商使用国内供应商，减少进口。但是美国，欧盟和加拿大认为此举违反了世贸组织的准则,此举于7月份在日内瓦得到世贸组织的认同。

China may yet appeal. In the meantime, the government has found another way to reduce the flow of expensive automotive imports. On August 13th the government announced a new “green” tax that will come into effect on September 1st. The new tax is meant to reduce fuel consumption and fight pollution. Rather than further raising the tax on fuel, which increased by almost 20% in June, the government is taxing gas-guzzling cars. By an amazing coincidence, most such cars are foreign-made.
中国也许还会上诉，与此同时政府已经另辟蹊径来削减昂贵部件的进口。8月13日政府宣布了将于9月1日出台的一项绿色税收。该举措不是继续提高已经于6月份上涨了接近20%的燃油税，而是意在减少燃油消费从而对抗污染：准备对高油耗汽车征税。出奇巧合的是，该类型车辆的绝大部分是产自境外的。

Cars with engine capacities larger than 4.1 litres will now incur a 40% sales tax—twice the previous level. Cars with engines between 3 and 4.1 litres will be taxed at 25%, up from 15%. The tax on the smallest cars, with engines smaller than 1 litre, will fall from 3% to 1%. The 8% and 10% taxes on other cars will not change.
排量超过4.1升的汽车所面临的购置税将达到40%，相当于以前水平的两倍。汽车排量在3升至4.1升的购置税从15%上升到25%。1升以下的小排量汽车购置税从3%降到1%。其余排量汽车税率不变，维持8%和10%。

The government says the new tax will encourage a shift to more fuel-efficient cars. It will also help Chinese carmakers, as they tend to make cars with engines smaller than 2.5 litres. Foreign carmakers, which make most of the cars with larger engines, will suffer. Imported large-engine cars achieved record sales-growth in the first half of 2008, increasing by 26%, to 80,700 units. Imports of cars with 3-litre engines grew by more than 50%, and imports of sport-utility vehicles were up 79%.
政府方面表示调整后销售税的征收将会鼓励汽车消费偏好向燃油经济型转移，也会支持国内汽车制造商继续生产排量低于2.5升的目标车型；但生产多数大排量汽车的境外制造商会受到折磨。进口大排量汽车的销售额在2008山半年达到新高，实现了26%的增长，达到80700辆。排量3升的进口车进口数量增幅超过50%，SUV则上升了79%

But there were signs of a slowdown even before the new tax. Although the Chinese car market bucked the global trend in the first half, higher fuel costs and tumbling stockmarkets are now putting buyers off. Overall sales are still expected to rise this year by 8-10%, but this is half the level predicted at the start of the year, and far less than struggling foreign carmakers were hoping for.
但是在新税推出前已经出现了销售放缓的迹象。虽然中国车市在上半年推动了全球销售趋势，但是油价的升高和股市的跌宕目前分流掉了很多买家。总体销售额增长的预期为8%到10%，但是这只有年初预测增幅的一半，与国外车商抗争中的希望相比就差距甚远了。

China’s new tax is canny. It cuts fuel use, reduces imports, benefits local carmakers and may help to improve air quality. It also prevents any more pesky calls from Geneva.
中国的全新税收政策时精明的，减少燃油使用量、削减进口，让利本地汽车制造企业可以提高空气质量。同时也可以让烦人的日内瓦方面无话可说转自http://www.ecocn.org/bbs/viewthr ... &extra=page%3D4

※ 编辑：Rodano 于2009-1-18 17:47 编辑本文

※ 编辑：Rodano 于2009-1-18 18:01 编辑本文

雨中白马

楼主很强啊
考得肯定不错了

不一样的星晴

感觉第一篇翻译还可以吧，后面两篇我觉得有点难耶。。。不知道大家什么感觉

Rodano

最后一篇确实比较难

Rodano

原帖由 雨中白马 于 2009-1-14 19:18 发表
楼主很强啊
考得肯定不错了

不确定啊，听说贸大专业压分很多啊

andyxu006

这么牛B，全记住了啊

Rodano

原帖由 andyxu006 于 2009-1-17 23:11 发表
这么牛B，全记住了啊

有些数字还是没有记住,选择判断就更不说了,希望其他研友补充吧,呵呵