经典回顾：考研论坛上的经典啊！不可不看啊！！！

垂钓者1014

王长喜老师谈英语系列已经结束了
这些都是以前考研网上的经典
今天贴出是希望大家讨论一下
共同进步啊
呵呵

垂钓者1014

当然还要想本部分的作者说声sorry
没有经过你的许可就转载
希望原谅啊
特此道歉

垂钓者1014

下面是一些具体的考试的知识点
索性一起贴出了
[em:4]

垂钓者1014

转载：朱泰祺的考研短文写作常用句型和练习

“引言”段落中的常用句型：
1．…is a very popular topic which is much talked about not only by …but also by …
家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常谈论这个问题。
Weahter a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farners as well.
2.There is no denying the fact that…
无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extemerely serious problem:the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.

3.As is known to all,…
众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。
As is known to all,fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.(=do a lot of harm to the interests of comsumers)
4.More and more people are realing the importance of …
现在越来越多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。
Tody an increaasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance .In order to keep law and order,very one of us is supposed to get(=receive)a law education.
5.From what I have mentioned above we can see clearly that…
从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。
From what I have mentoned above,we can see clearly that violence on TV has (a) great influence on young adults’ behaviour.(或 teenagers’ behavior 或 youngsters’ behavior)


“正文”段落中常用的句型：
1．There are some good reasons for…(分析原因)
two possible
人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。
There are two reasons for the improvement in people’s living conditions.In the first place,we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy.Secondly,there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy .Further-more,the birth rate has been put under control.

2.My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows.In the first place,… Secondly,…Finally… solve
tackle
relieve （提出建议）
我对解决这个问题的建议如下。首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。
My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows .To begin with,it is urgent to create nature reserves.Secondly,certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected,fed and reproduced artificially.Finally ,those who hunter them must be punished severely.

3.Different people have different opinions on this question.Some people believe that … Others
problem.
matter.
argue that… Still others assert that…（论述不同看法）
人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。
People differ in their attitudes towards failure.Faced with it ,some of them can stand up to it .draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfii what they are determined to do.Others,however,lose heart and give in.

4.It is important (nessary, urgent, difficult, easy, expensive, desirable, abvisable, convenient, comfortable)for sb. to do sth. （发表意见）
人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。
It is desirable to build more hospitals,shopping centres,recreation centres,cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.

5.As a popular saying goes “Everything has two sides.” (分析利弊)
常言道：“事物总是一分为二的”。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家的人民饱尝公害之苦。
As a popular saying goes, “Everything has two sides.” Now people (the public)are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand,the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are srffering from public hazards.

6.For example, … （举例阐述）
For instance, …
Let’s take …for examlpe.
就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。
Les’s take cars for example.They not only pollute the air in cities,but make them crowed.Furthermore,they carse a lot of traffic accidents. (…, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents.) The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.

7.It is generally believed that …
accepted （引证观点）
thought
held
普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善的使死亡率下降了。
It is generally believed (=thought) that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed coutries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.

8. …causes (produces, brings about, leads to, results in …)（因果关系）
毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。
There is no doubt that the increase in demand causes(results in/leads to) the rise in prices.

垂钓者1014

朱泰祺教授谈研究生英语考试

　　在研究生考试中英语显然是许多人的"绊脚石"。从近年英语考研的现状可看出：许多考生英语语言能力和应试能力均不理想，与考研英语要求仍有较大差距。这主要由于大学二、三年级学生通过国家英语四级考试后，常常放松了英语学习，水平没跟上来。如何解决这些问题，如何考好英语？朱教授认为，考生在准备应试过程中，要注意深化英语知识、提高语言知识的应用能力。 　　 　　
　　关于准备研究生英语入学考试的对策与方法，朱泰祺教授做了形象的比喻：英语考研犹如一场战斗。词汇、语法是"敌人"的第一道防线，要" 狂轰烂炸"，要善于利用日常零碎时间记忆词汇和语法规则。词汇记忆时要注意多义词的确切含义和词的搭配关系。至于背单词，应准备一个单词本，每天记一些。背词汇表要与勤查牛津双解词典相结合，并在阅读中加深对词汇的理解能力。只有这样才不致于在原地打滚，才有可能螺旋式地上升。 　　 　　

　　阅读理解是英语考试的重点：是"敌人"的主力部队，需要集中优势兵力，强攻猛攻。考生要注意从宏观上来把握文章的主题和红线，再针对试题通过段落主题句为所找信息定位。对于这个问题，朱教授给我们举了一个很好的例子：曾有一位同学说，他全文都能逐句翻译下来，但做选择题时却错了一半。这就是没有从宏观上把握语篇结构，因而就无法进行总结归纳和推理判断。实际上，题目中有１／２左右属于总结归纳、推理判断题，所以把握主题才是答题的根本。凡属理解细节的题，要注意哪一选择项与段落中的信息相对应；属于对词语或句子内涵的理解，应根据上下文推断；属于综合归纳、逻辑推理的，则必须依据文章的主题来判断。阅读能力的培养并非一日之功。许多考生只是一味大量做题，却并未深入到文章中的语言难点和语篇结构中去。在日常阅读中，精读是培养能力的基础，快读是获取信息的手段。在平时做阅读理解题时，一般每做四篇必须精读一篇，用来提高语篇分析的能力，另外三篇可作泛读，以便提高阅读速度。主要以精读为本，仔细分析文章的结构层次和上下文逻辑关系。精读时要下功夫翻译，边读、边分析、边理解、边记忆，在语法结构、词汇词义上下功夫，尤其词汇上要注意词义的引申。 　　 　　
　　"敌人"主力--阅读理解的"左翼"是完形填空。完形填空是从词汇角度来测试考生理解书面语言的能力。考生在做题时要注意上下文中词语的四个搭配：逻辑搭配、结构搭配、惯用搭配和语义搭配。完形填空的答题技巧：把握主题、瞻前顾后、抓住红线、各个击破。 　　 　　

　　阅读理解的"右翼"是英译汉，分值为１５分，文章内容涉及政治经济、社会生活、文化教育或科普知识，难度比较大，考生成绩普遍偏低。在对１９９９年试题的１８８９份试卷抽样调查中，平均分仅为６分。考生得分不高的主要问题在于意思表达不确切。英译汉的关键是对文章主题和划线句子句意的理解。在复习中要找一些好的辅导资料，如找几篇英汉对照的文章，仔细揣摩其中的翻译技巧。课外看看《英语世界》，里面的文章几乎都是英汉对照，不看中文，自己先翻，翻译完后对照，逐句找出自己在理解原文和汉语表达方面存在的错误，并加以改正。 　　 　　

　　敌人的最后一道防线是作文，作文虽表面上看来题目千变万化，但实质上，文章都离不开基本模式，一般分三类，即提纲型、情景型、图表＋提纲型，要写出比较成功的作文，首先要积累常用句型，从阅读中汲取精华，背下来。朱教授说，这是一个死背过程，但死背不等于死用，这里也有辩证法，既要死背但更要活用。实际上，作文就是收集典型句型，然后再排列组段。在此朱教授又举了一个例子：人的大脑相当于一个水库，要想有输出就一定要先输入，所以尤其重要的是输入，要厚积薄发，准备工作起码要背１０－２０篇范文，但不能用范文套考研作文。而是要分析范文的语篇结构，划出好的句型，把文章的结构、框架列出来，自己练习写作。


  
   

垂钓者1014

朱泰琪2001年12月14日冲刺班作文讲座


一、引子
老朱昨日讲座讲作文的要求：第一，切题。包含提纲提示，图表、漫画所提供的或者暗示的全部问题。接着按所得到的提示去改造之。第二，句式变化要多一些。第三，用词面要宽一些。第四，语法要正确，如主谓一致、谓语动词的时态、语态、及物与不及物、搭配关系等。
先用3——4分钟把提纲看懂，看提纲要求、提纲与图表、漫画之间的关系，弄清楚出题忍让咱做吗！然后，构思（组织题材）。马上拿出答题纸，起草成文，起草与成文要一气呵成！
二、短文写作的类型
（一）、提纲式作文
A Title :Competition and Cooperation
B Time limit: 45 minutes
C World limit :about 200 words (not including the opening sentence)
D Your composition should be based on the Outline below and should start with the given opening sentence: “competition is a common phenomenon in our society.”
E Your composition must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2

OUTLINE:
1 competition a common phenomenon in our society
2 relationship between competition and cooperation
3 your opinion on competition and cooperation

COMPETITION AND COOPERATION
Competition is a common phenomenon in our
society . We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study, and there is constant competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth. Therefore,we can say that, in a certain sense, competition is one of the motive forces of the development of our modern society.

It is often believed, however ,that competition and cooperation are in opposition to each other. Some people stress competition, without which, in their eyes, there is no responsibility , no drive and ultimately, no progress. Others advocate cooperation whatever they do. They are of the opinion that the dependence of people on one another has increased, without which the society we live in cannot keep going smoothly. In reality, we find that in many cases competition goes hand in hand with cooperation. Let’s take a football game for example. During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his　teammates. Otherwise, they would lose the game no matter how skillful each individual player might be. It is clear that competition has much to do with cooperation.

As far as I’m concerned, I donot agree with the view that competition and cooperation are always in conflict with each other. In my opinion, while advocating competition, we should never forget cooperation. In our social life, cooperation is especially necessary because most work is fulfilled with or through other people. So I’ve come to the conclusion that competition and cooperation are equally important.(259 words)

分析：写作按OUTLINE，顺杆爬，如写身体健康的重要性，第一段一般写身体健康的重要性，写开头“身体健康很重要，”然后再分三点进行讨论，把提纲转变为段落的主题句。同时句式变化要多，语法要准确。并且提炼出有共性的句子来。

（二）、规定情景式作文

Directions:

A Write an essay stating the causes of housing problem and the demands of city-dwellers for spacious living, and give your possible suggestions to solve the problem.
B Time limit: 45 minutes
C World limit :about 200 words (not including the opening sentence)
D Your composition must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2

Housing problem is closely related to population. Some of the big cities in China are now crowded with an ever increasing population . Naturally, one of the most serious problems incurred is that of housing.

As far as the cause of housing problem are concerned, many factors are involved. In the first place, with the rapid increase in population, the lack of housing is becoming more evident than ever before. Many old houses have been knocked down to make room for new apartment buildings, which complicates the housing problem for the time being. In the second place, despite the ever-increasing　high-rise buildings, the provision of living space still falls far short of demands. Because the society is advancing, city –dwellers long for spacious living. They look forward to decent dwelling places which can protect human dignity. All these factors result in the stress of housing problem.

Various solutions have been suggested. But there seems to be a drawback to each of the solutions. The traditional free allocation of dwellings to the needy adds to the government’s burden, while paid allocation brings an equal burden to the average man. The moving of urban residents to the suburbs may ease housing problem in the inner city but gives rises to a traffic problem. The best solution I think is to put the birth rate under control. But we still have a long way to go. (233 words)

例二：

A Title: Pushing Forward Urban Reforms
B Time limit: 45 minutes
C World limit :about 200 words (not including the opening sentence)
D Your composition must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2
E Your essay should be based on the information given below.

随着我国改革开放的政策的贯彻执行，城市改革势在必行；否则无法促进我国经济的迅猛发展。城市改革设计国有企业转变为现代懂死、开发金融、劳物和人才市场。此外，住房改革、养老金制度和事业保险金制度等等也应逐步完善。请你阐述上述情况并提出城市改革的前景。
It is highly necessary to push forward urban reforms in a comprehensive way. The reasons are obvious. On the one hand, urban reforms will contribute greatly to the development of our socialist market system. On the other, they will speed up the expansion of our national economy as a whole . As a consequence, urban reforms have great political and economic significance in the modernization of our country.

The reforms to be carried out will focus on the following areas. In the first place, all state-owned enterprises, institutions and colleges will be run according to the principles of the socialist market system, which will certainly lead to the development of finance , labour and technology markets. Secondly, tax and benefit regulations will not assume the norm today., which restricts more flexible sharing of jobs available between the sexes. Finally, the reforms will inevitably improving unemployment insurance system and reliveing housing-shortage problem. The above mentioned reforms will certainly add to the economic strength and wealth of the community. This in turn will raise the living standards of people in our country.

In my opinion, it is not easy to carry out all-round reforms at the same time in the cities. But I am confident that we will be able to overcome all the difficulties that confront us and achieve successes in urban reforms. (219 words)

垂钓者1014

石春祯英语讲义（同义词辨析）

Modern English Usage
A1.a certain, some
(1) I read it in a certain book.
(2) I read it in some book.
A2. A good many, a great many, a great deal of, a lot of, a number of,
plenty of
a good many[=a large number of ]
a great many
a great deal of
a lot of
a number of [=some]
plenty of [=more than enough]
(1) A great many new books were published by the Foreign Language Press last week.
(2) I’m afraid I’m putting you to a great deal of trouble.
(3) A lot of damage was caused by the fire.
(4) A number of guests have come.
(5)These are plenty of rooms in the guest house.
A3.few, a few, little, a little
A4.able, can, capable
1) able, can
(1) Can you ride a bicycle?
(2) I shall not be able to come again today.
(3) I have not been able to see the problem from all sides.
2) able to; capable of
(1) He is able to handle this alone.
(2) He is capable of carrying the task.
(3) He was able to hear the engine.
The engine was able to be heard.[The engine could be heard.]
3)(1)He is capable of any crime.
4)(1)I was able to catch what he said.
(2)The passage is capable of several interpretations.
5)(1)She is not able to sing tonight.
(2)She can’t sing at all.
(4) She is incapable of learning mathematics.
A5.be about to, be going to
1)(1)I am about to go immediately.应改为I am about to go.[=I shall go very soon.]
2)(1) We were just about to leave when you telephoned.
(2) I was just about falling into a doze, when he suddenly started up.
3)(1) The holidays will come to an end. I am going to climb Mount Tai next week.
(2) She is going to have a baby.
A6. Above
(1) He is above doing such a thing.
(2) Above comprehension; (all praise; reproach; suspicion).
A7.above, over, on, up
(1) A lamp hangs above us.
(2) A lamp hangs over us.
(3) He speaks to me over his shoulder.
(4) Books laid one on/above another
A8. Above, beyond
1) Some of the tourists are from beyond the seas.
2) It is beyond belief (compare, controversy, dispute, doubt, endurance, hope, question, praise, recovery).
3) The state of affairs is beyond their control.
A9. According to, in accordance with, according as
1) according to
(1) According to arrangements, the goods were to be delivered by the end of next month.
(2) According to dialectical materialism, matter is primary and thought is secondary.
(3) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.
2) in accordance with
(1) This is done in accordance with (according to ) the instruction of the Party.
(2) The idealistic interpretation of history is not in accordance with sober truth.
(3) The word is pronounced in accordance with (according to)sound American usage .
3) according as
(1) You may go or stay, according as you decide.
(2) A sound is often different according to whether it is strongly stressed or not .
(3) You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
(4) We have different views of a thing according as we are materialists or idealists.
A10. Act, action
1) His heroic act (action) was long remembered.
2) (1)It was his act and he must accept the consequencens.
(2)Rapid action is needed if we are to overfulfill the quota.
3) Act, not words, is what we need.
4) The accident was due to the action of acid on the check nut.
A11. Adequate (enough, sufficient, ample)
1)(1)means adequate to the ends
(2)adequate medical treatment.
(3) Have you made sufficient (or enough) investigation?
(4) The supply is not adequate to the demand.
2) It is a remedy adequate for the disease.
A12. Ago, before
1)(1)I met him three years ago.
(2)I had met him three years ago.
(3)His mother died five years ago.
He said that his mother had died five years before.
2)He must have seen her a week ago.
3)I did not know that before.
A13.agree
1)I told him about my proposal and he at once agreed to it .
2)I agree with you (your views).
I do not agree with imposing a fine upon him.
3)I never eat pork; it does not agree with me.
4)The boss agreed to the terms only under the pressure of the workers.
5) There is one point in which they all agree.
They all agreed on the matter.
6) The two don’t agree at all; we have to do more ideological work with them.
A14.air
1) Let’s go out and have some fresh air.
2) Take to the air; mastery of the air;
The letter was sent on the air.
Travel by air
3) The rumour has taken air.
4) What’s on the air?
The premier will be on the air.
5) a slight air; a cheerful air
He has an air of importance
5) put on high airs; give oneself airs
A15.all, every, each
1) All things have an end.
Everything comes to an end.
2) I told every/each student to come.
3) I don’t know everyone of them.
4) each of the boys
A16. All, whole
⊿ a whole year; the whole day; whole milk powder
⊿ The whole army will be mobilized.
⊿ The workers devoted all their energy to the task.
1)(1) all the world; all the city; all the time; all my life; all the afternoon.
(2) the whole world; the whole city, the whole nation; the whole time
2)(1) It rained three whole days.
(2) Fifty is a whole number.
3.不能说： the whole books; the whole China
应该说：the whole book; the whole of the students; the whole of China; the whole of my time.
A17. Almost, nearly
1)(1) They had almost finished when they were interrupted.
(2)They are nearly at the end of their journey.
2) a book that is almost/nearly completed.
3) (1)This is almost more than we feared.
(2)That was almost too late.
4)(1) There is almost none left.
(2) He got almost no help from others.
(3) He said almost nothing worth hearing.
5)(1) It is not nearly so easy as you think.[by no means, far from]
A18.any, every
1)(1) I’m expecting him every moment.
(2) he may come at any moment.
2)(1) I do not know any one of them.
(2) I do not know every one of them.
A19. Argue, debate, dispute, discuss
1) argue
(1) They argued with each other about the best English translation of Iiiad.
(2) The plan for which we had argued turned out to be a great success.
(3) He argued that the Oral English class could be conducted in another way.
2) debate
(1) Senator Johnson says they’re going to debate a proposed amendment today.
3) dispute
(1) They were still disputing the rights and wrongs of the case at midnight.
4) discuss
I’m going to discuss the question with the monitor.
A20. As, for
1)(1) They lived and died as revolutionaries.
(2) They chose him for their representative.
(3) The room serves as (for) an office.
3) as常与下列动词连用：regard, look upon, consider, own, recognize, acknowledge, serve
for(=as)常与下列动词连用：have, take, know, choose
(1) He is universally acknowledged as an outstanding communist fighter.
(2) Have such a man for a friend!
A21.assumption, presumption
(1) Our original assumption is that Smith is innocent, but facts already disclosed in this case create a presumption of guilt.
(2) Don’t believe what he says. There is a strong presumption against its truth.
A22.at a(one) time
(1) He spoke two hours at a time.
(2) At one time I used to go swimming every Sunday.
A23.at last, at long last, after all
1)(1) In spite of every obstacle, we have at last arrived.
(2) After a voyage of three months, we at length arrived safe.
2)At long last he has returned me the book he borowed.
3) I tried for an hour and failed after all.
4) At last he did not come .[应改为：After all he did not come.]
5) The teacher explained the poem at length to the students.
A24.at school, in school
1) at school
(1) She went out to do her shopping while the children were at school .
(2) I was at school until almost half past five yesterday.
2) in school
(1) Students are not allowed in school before 5:30 a.m.
(2) We did the first part of the exercise in school, and the rest for homework.
A25.at the moment, in the moment
1)(1)at this very moment, at the last moment, at the crucial moment, at the moment of death.
(2) in the moment of danger, in the moment of deep distress
3)(1) I’m sorry I can’ write the report now. I’m busy at the moment.
(2) Stop working at those arithmetic problems for the moment, Jane.
(3) Let me speak for a moment.
(4) The match will start in a moment.
A26. At work . in work
1) at work
(1) Father is at work now. He won’t be back until six.
(2) The same influence was already at work.
(3) He has published two novels and is at work on a third.
2) in work
(1) He is in (out of) work.
(2) The studio has three films in work right now.
(3) Take pleasure in work; up to the eyes in work.


  
   

※ 修改：alanle1978于2003-05-10 20:30:40修改本文

垂钓者1014

石春祯英语讲义同义词辨析(续)

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E1.ear, ears
1) (1) give ear to the criticisms of the masses.
(2) You should give an ear to the complaints of the examinees.
2) (1) I would give my ears for a glimpse of it.
3) (1) have an ear for music
(2) listen with strained ears
(3) Walls have ears
E2. Easliy, easy, with ease
1) (1) He figrued out the sum with ease (easily).
(2) If you press the button, it will open easily.
2) (1) I found it easily.
(2) I found it easy.
3) Take it easy. Go easy, Stand easy!
Stand attention!
E4.-ed
1) able-bodied; apple-faced; bare-footed; bare-handed; big-thighed; big-bellied; broad-eyed; broad-fronted; cool-hearted; cross-armed; honey-mouthed; ill-favoured; long-tongued; near-sighted; regular-featured; rosy-cheeked; slim-wasted
2) absent-minded; cold-blooded; cold-hearted; feeble-minded; good-humoured; high-spirited; hot-brained; hot-livered; ill-mannered; ill-tempered; ill-natured; large-hearted; low-spirited; pure-hearted; strong-willed; whole-hearted
3) double-seated; gold-lettered; larger-sized; two-windowed; three-forked
E4.effecitve, effectual, efficacious
1) (1) They promised to take effective measures to solve the problem.
(2) the effective range of a weapon; effective forces; the number of effective members
2) an effectual remedy; an effectual measure
3) a medicine efficacious against fever
E5. Engage in, be engaged in
1) (1) Owing to the high cost of living more English women engage in industry than in the past.
2) (1) The task on which he is engaged is not an easy one.
(2) His family has engaged in farming for generations.
E6. Enough, sufficient
1) (1) Jack has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.
(2) Have you had sufficient? –I’ve had quite sufficient.
2) (1) We haven’t enough time to do the work.
(2) I am not scholar enough to name this plant.
3) (1) I don’t know him well enough to ask him for help.
(2) He was kind enough to help us.
4) (1) We have had enough of this subject.
E7. Ever
1) (1) Nothing ever happened here.
(2) If you ever go there, bring my best regards to the Smiths.
2) (1) He worked as hard as ever, when he got a headache.
(2) It has ever been so, and ever will be so.
3) (1) It’s the nicest thing ever.
(2) Be as quick as ever you can.
4) (1) Why ever didn’t you say so?
5) (1) He has been as good a boy as ever was.
E8.every other
1) (1) I got to the doctor’s every other day.
(2) Write your answer every other line.
(3) He would do every other service in his power.
E9.except, but
1) (1) I have written all my letters but one.
(2) I looked everywhere except in the bedroom.’
2) (1) I know nothing except that Xiao Lin was there.
(2) Nothing remains for us to do, except to sort up the letters.
E10. Except for, except that
1) (1) Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
(2) The suit is suite satisfactory except that the sleeves are a little too long.
2) (1) Except for its temples, Mount Hua is not worth seeing.
(2) But for its temples, Mount Hua would not be worth seeing.
3) (1) The street were deserted except fot the policemen on duty.
(2) There was no one in the streets except the policemen on duty.

垂钓者1014

重发
石春祯英语讲义（同义词辨析）

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Modern English Usage
A1.a certain, some
(1) I read it in a certain book.
(2) I read it in some book.
A2. A good many, a great many, a great deal of, a lot of, a number of,
plenty of
a good many[=a large number of ]
a great many
a great deal of
a lot of
a number of [=some]
plenty of [=more than enough]
(1) A great many new books were published by the Foreign Language Press last week.
(2) I’m afraid I’m putting you to a great deal of trouble.
(3) A lot of damage was caused by the fire.
(4) A number of guests have come.
(5)These are plenty of rooms in the guest house.
A3.few, a few, little, a little
A4.able, can, capable
1) able, can
(1) Can you ride a bicycle?
(2) I shall not be able to come again today.
(3) I have not been able to see the problem from all sides.
2) able to; capable of
(1) He is able to handle this alone.
(2) He is capable of carrying the task.
(3) He was able to hear the engine.
The engine was able to be heard.[The engine could be heard.]
3)(1)He is capable of any crime.
4)(1)I was able to catch what he said.
(2)The passage is capable of several interpretations.
5)(1)She is not able to sing tonight.
(2)She can’t sing at all.
(4) She is incapable of learning mathematics.
A5.be about to, be going to
1)(1)I am about to go immediately.应改为I am about to go.[=I shall go very soon.]
2)(1) We were just about to leave when you telephoned.
(2) I was just about falling into a doze, when he suddenly started up.
3)(1) The holidays will come to an end. I am going to climb Mount Tai next week.
(2) She is going to have a baby.
A6. Above
(1) He is above doing such a thing.
(2) Above comprehension; (all praise; reproach; suspicion).
A7.above, over, on, up
(1) A lamp hangs above us.
(2) A lamp hangs over us.
(3) He speaks to me over his shoulder.
(4) Books laid one on/above another
A8. Above, beyond
1) Some of the tourists are from beyond the seas.
2) It is beyond belief (compare, controversy, dispute, doubt, endurance, hope, question, praise, recovery).
3) The state of affairs is beyond their control.
A9. According to, in accordance with, according as
1) according to
(1) According to arrangements, the goods were to be delivered by the end of next month.
(2) According to dialectical materialism, matter is primary and thought is secondary.
(3) From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.
2) in accordance with
(1) This is done in accordance with (according to ) the instruction of the Party.
(2) The idealistic interpretation of history is not in accordance with sober truth.
(3) The word is pronounced in accordance with (according to)sound American usage .
3) according as
(1) You may go or stay, according as you decide.
(2) A sound is often different according to whether it is strongly stressed or not .
(3) You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.
(4) We have different views of a thing according as we are materialists or idealists.
A10. Act, action
1) His heroic act (action) was long remembered.
2) (1)It was his act and he must accept the consequencens.
(2)Rapid action is needed if we are to overfulfill the quota.
3) Act, not words, is what we need.
4) The accident was due to the action of acid on the check nut.
A11. Adequate (enough, sufficient, ample)
1)(1)means adequate to the ends
(2)adequate medical treatment.
(3) Have you made sufficient (or enough) investigation?
(4) The supply is not adequate to the demand.
2) It is a remedy adequate for the disease.
A12. Ago, before
1)(1)I met him three years ago.
(2)I had met him three years ago.
(3)His mother died five years ago.
He said that his mother had died five years before.
2)He must have seen her a week ago.
3)I did not know that before.
A13.agree
1)I told him about my proposal and he at once agreed to it .
2)I agree with you (your views).
I do not agree with imposing a fine upon him.
3)I never eat pork; it does not agree with me.
4)The boss agreed to the terms only under the pressure of the workers.
5) There is one point in which they all agree.
They all agreed on the matter.
6) The two don’t agree at all; we have to do more ideological work with them.
A14.air
1) Let’s go out and have some fresh air.
2) Take to the air; mastery of the air;
The letter was sent on the air.
Travel by air
3) The rumour has taken air.
4) What’s on the air?
The premier will be on the air.
5) a slight air; a cheerful air
He has an air of importance
5) put on high airs; give oneself airs
A15.all, every, each
1) All things have an end.
Everything comes to an end.
2) I told every/each student to come.
3) I don’t know everyone of them.
4) each of the boys
A16. All, whole
⊿ a whole year; the whole day; whole milk powder
⊿ The whole army will be mobilized.
⊿ The workers devoted all their energy to the task.
1)(1) all the world; all the city; all the time; all my life; all the afternoon.
(2) the whole world; the whole city, the whole nation; the whole time
2)(1) It rained three whole days.
(2) Fifty is a whole number.
3.不能说： the whole books; the whole China
应该说：the whole book; the whole of the students; the whole of China; the whole of my time.
A17. Almost, nearly
1)(1) They had almost finished when they were interrupted.
(2)They are nearly at the end of their journey.
2) a book that is almost/nearly completed.
3) (1)This is almost more than we feared.
(2)That was almost too late.
4)(1) There is almost none left.
(2) He got almost no help from others.
(3) He said almost nothing worth hearing.
5)(1) It is not nearly so easy as you think.[by no means, far from]
A18.any, every
1)(1) I’m expecting him every moment.
(2) he may come at any moment.
2)(1) I do not know any one of them.
(2) I do not know every one of them.
A19. Argue, debate, dispute, discuss
1) argue
(1) They argued with each other about the best English translation of Iiiad.
(2) The plan for which we had argued turned out to be a great success.
(3) He argued that the Oral English class could be conducted in another way.
2) debate
(1) Senator Johnson says they’re going to debate a proposed amendment today.
3) dispute
(1) They were still disputing the rights and wrongs of the case at midnight.
4) discuss
I’m going to discuss the question with the monitor.
A20. As, for
1)(1) They lived and died as revolutionaries.
(2) They chose him for their representative.
(3) The room serves as (for) an office.
3) as常与下列动词连用：regard, look upon, consider, own, recognize, acknowledge, serve
for(=as)常与下列动词连用：have, take, know, choose
(1) He is universally acknowledged as an outstanding communist fighter.
(2) Have such a man for a friend!
A21.assumption, presumption
(1) Our original assumption is that Smith is innocent, but facts already disclosed in this case create a presumption of guilt.
(2) Don’t believe what he says. There is a strong presumption against its truth.
A22.at a(one) time
(1) He spoke two hours at a time.
(2) At one time I used to go swimming every Sunday.
A23.at last, at long last, after all
1)(1) In spite of every obstacle, we have at last arrived.
(2) After a voyage of three months, we at length arrived safe.
2)At long last he has returned me the book he borowed.
3) I tried for an hour and failed after all.
4) At last he did not come .[应改为：After all he did not come.]
5) The teacher explained the poem at length to the students.
A24.at school, in school
1) at school
(1) She went out to do her shopping while the children were at school .
(2) I was at school until almost half past five yesterday.
2) in school
(1) Students are not allowed in school before 5:30 a.m.
(2) We did the first part of the exercise in school, and the rest for homework.
A25.at the moment, in the moment
1)(1)at this very moment, at the last moment, at the crucial moment, at the moment of death.
(2) in the moment of danger, in the moment of deep distress
3)(1) I’m sorry I can’ write the report now. I’m busy at the moment.
(2) Stop working at those arithmetic problems for the moment, Jane.
(3) Let me speak for a moment.
(4) The match will start in a moment.
A26. At work . in work
1) at work
(1) Father is at work now. He won’t be back until six.
(2) The same influence was already at work.
(3) He has published two novels and is at work on a third.
2) in work
(1) He is in (out of) work.
(2) The studio has three films in work right now.
(3) Take pleasure in work; up to the eyes in work.

垂钓者1014

刚才一不小心把颜色弄成了黄色
看不清啊
所以从新发了
希望大家谅解啊