跟齐天大圣攻克英语二语法连载第七天

听够珍惜了

第十九讲：
V-ed:

1.		做定语：	(前置)：(将Ved放在名词前修饰名词 相当于一个形容词)         Life that has no established aim is miserable.         (后置)：（将Ved放在名词后修饰名词 相当于一个省略了的定语从句)         Difficulties mastered are opportunities. = Difficulties which are mastered are opportunities.
2.		做表语：	A man is not finished when he is defeated. He is finished when he quits.
3.		做状语：	( 只要主句的主语是Ved的承受者，Ved 可以做所有的状语)         Not forgotten, past experience is a guide for the future.
4做插入语：
1	Compared with…,
2	Compared to…,
3	Given…,
4	Given closer analysis,
5	Based on the above factors,
6	Based on the above discussion,
7	Simply stated,
8	Simply put,

第二十讲：
虚拟语气讲解
一、虚拟语气基本用法

①	现在的虚拟：从句 if + 过去时、主句过去将来时         If it had no difficulties in life, it would be too smooth.         If there were no clouds, we would not enjoy the sun.         If we wanted to love those who have no imperfections, this world would be a desert.         If it were not for the rocks in its bed, the stream would have no song.
②	过去的虚拟：从句 if + 过去完成时、主句 should\would\could\+have done         If they had not wasted so much time, many persons in the world would have scored achievement.
③	将来的虚拟：从句if + 过去时\were to\should+V、  主句 过去将来时         If I should summarize the most important principle I have learned in interpersonal skills, it would be this: understand and be understood.
④	交错式: 从句 if + 过去完成时、主句过去将来时         If we had looked at our past experience, where would we be today?
⑤	虚拟语气在宾从中的使用：以下这些动词在后面引导宾从时，宾从中的谓语动词用should+ V, should可省略。         Drop is C. D: demand desire  R: require request  O: order  P: propose  I: insist  S: suggest  C: command         In life, one’s goals may require that one (should) try different approaches.         To be successful in life demands that a person (should) make a personal commitment to excellence.
⑥	在表语及同位语从句中的使用：         如以下这些抽象名词引导同位语从句，谓语用should+V,  should可省略。         如以下这些抽象名词做主语，谓语用should+V,  should可省略。         Demand\request\requirement\insistence\suggestion\proposal\command\recommendation\resolution\urge\prescription\order\desire\determination\direction\advice         The suggestion is that to listen effectively, one (should) find meaning in what is being said.         The first requirement of good conversation is that others (should) know what is coming next.
⑦	在主语从句中的使用：         以下形式主语从句中，谓语用should+V  should可省略。         It is demanded that         It is desired that         It is requested that         It is required that         It is ordered that         It is insisted that         It is maintained that         It is proposed that         It is suggested that         It is commanded that         It is important that         It is vital that         It is imperative that         It is necessary that         It is best that         It is proper that         It is expedient that         It is vital that one (should) choose the right attitude.         It is necessary to the happiness that one (should) be faithful to one’s dream.

二、虚拟语气的特殊用法

⑴	虚拟语气倒装: if 条件从句的谓语是were to \ had \ should 时，可以去掉if，将这三个词放在主语前。         Had they not wasted so much time, many persons in the world would have scored achievement.         Should I summarize the most important principle I have learned in interpersonal skills, it would be this: understand and be understood.
⑵	wish + 宾从         对现在的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去时         对过去的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去完成时         对将来的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去将来时
	in order that 和so that 引导的目的状语从句
⑷	as if +方式状语从句         对现在的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去时         对过去的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去完成时         对将来的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去将来时
	It’s high\about time that + 定从  谓语用 should + V 或 过去时。Should永远不可以省略。
⑹	lest  / for  fear  that /  in  case引导的目的状语从句，谓语一般用 should + V
⑺	if only= wish
⑻	表祝愿         May… Long live… God bless… God grant that…
⑼	不用从句用词组：without, but for, otherwise, or 等。
⑽	正式文体中，主句不虚拟而当条件或让步状语从句是“系表结构”时 ，系动词用原形。         No lazy man is ever safe, whether he be rich or poor.
⑾	Would rather + 宾从         对现在的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去时         对过去的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去完成时         对将来的虚拟：宾从谓语用过去将来时
⑿	礼貌         I was wondering if you could + V + sth         I would be most honored if you did sth?

第二十一讲：
倒装
全部倒装：把全部谓语放在主语前。

1.	there be 句型（特殊的全部倒装句型）         There is no friend as faithful as a good book.
2.	there \ here \ now \ then 放在句首         Now is the time to take action.
3.	方位状语开头         In books are embalmed the greatest thoughts of all ages.
4.	主语与表语互换位置         Happy are those who have dreams.
5.	伴随状语开头（With或Along with放在句首时，句子应该全部倒装）         With confidence and persistence comes success.

部分倒装：只将情态动词、助动词或系动词放在主语前

1.	only + 单词、词组、状语从句位于句首         Only through education can we rise in the world.         Only if you have been in the deepest valley can you ever know how wonderful it is to be on the highest mountain.
2.	以否定意义状语开头，部分倒装         Never \ hardly----when \ no sooner---- than \ scarcely----when--- \ by no means \ under no circumstances         Under no circumstances will books desert you.
3.	neither   nor开头         Success is never final. Nor is failure.
4.	so开头         Success teaches us something about ourselves. So does failure.
5.	always \ often \ particularly \ many times \ many a time 放在句首时         Always am I amazed when I　hear people say that money talks.
6.	虚拟语气（特殊）
7.	让步状语从句：由though 或as 引导时可用倒装，将表语放在句子最前面。
8.	so that 引导的结果状语从句         So wonderful is youth that it is a crime to waste it.