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跟齐天大圣攻克英语二语法连载第六天

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2018-10-15
发表于 2019-2-27 16:59 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
第十六讲:
状语从句讲解
㈠ 时间状语从句
通常有下列连词引导: when, whenever, while, as, before, after, until, since, as soon as, the moment, the instant, the minute, the second, every time, each time。
1.When a person feels encouraged, he can face the impossible.
2.Every time you help somebody else, you help yourself.
㈡ 地点状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: where, wherever, no matter where, everywhere, anywhere。
1.Your liberty to swing your arms ends where my nose begins.
2.Where there is smoke, there is fire.
㈢ 条件状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: if, unless, suppose, supposing, provided, providing, on condition that, as long as, in case, once, assuming, so long as。
1.If one thinks small, he will stay small.
2.All dreams are of no value unless they are followed by action.
3.As long as the world lasts, there will be mistakes.
㈣ 原因状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: because, as, since, now that, not that…but that, in that, considering that。
1.People are lonely because they build walls instead of bridges.
2.When I was young, I admired people with wealth. Now that I am mature, I admire people with wisdom.
㈤ 结果状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: so…that…, such…that…, so that。
1.I like to see a man live, so that his country will be proud of him.
2.Youth is so wonderful that it is a crime to waste it
㈥ 目的状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that。
1.We should greet each new day with a plan so that the high road upon which we travel could be marked well.
2.Be helpful to those on their way up, in case you should need them on your way down.
㈦ 让步状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: although, though, as, even if, even though, whatever, no matter (how, what, where, when) , while, whether, whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however。
1.Although the world is full of suffering, they can always be overcome.
2.While winning is not everything, trying to win is everything.
3.No matter how much we have learned, there is always more to learn.
㈧ 方式状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: as, as if, as though, in the way that, in the same way that, in the manner that, in the same manner that。
1.If we couldn’t do as we would, we should do as we can.
2.Look at everything as though you were seeing it either for the first time or last time.
㈨ 比较状语从句
通常由下列连词引导: as…as, than, not so… as, the…the…。
1.Wisdom is more precious than wealth.
2.The more we study, the more we discover our ignorance.
      
第十七讲:
A.不定式由不定式符号to加动词原形构成,及物动词的不定式可以带宾语。不定式的否定结构是在to前面加上not.不定式在句中可以做除了谓语外的任何成分。
⑴(主)
To love is the most beautiful word in the world.
To err is human.
不定式做主语,可以用it当形式主语,把做主语的不定式短语后置。
It is enough to have one close friend in one’s life.
It is no exaggeration to say that friendship is to people what sunlight is to flowers.
⑵(宾)
We resolve to make a dull job interesting.
Never intend to know everything, or you will know nothing.
下面的动词常常可加不定式做宾语
attempt企图enable能够
afford负担得起neglect忽视
demand要求long渴望
arrange安排destine注定
mean意欲,打算begin开始
expect期望omit忽略,漏
appear似乎,显得determine决定
manage设法cease停止
askhate憎恨,厌恶
pretend假装dread害怕
need需要agree同意
desire愿望love
swear宣誓volunteer志愿
wish希望bear承受
endeavor努力offer自愿
beg请求fail不能
plan计划bother扰乱;烦恼
forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿
care关心,喜欢happen碰巧
prepare准备decide决定
learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾
choose选择hesitate犹豫
profess表明claim要求
hope希望promise承诺,允许
start开始undertake承接
want想要consent同意,赞同
intend想要refuse拒绝
decide决定learn学习
vowcontrive设法,图谋
incline有…倾向propose提议
seek找,寻觅Try试图
⑶(表)
The most important thing is to have a code of life.
Faith is to believe what you do not see and the reward for this is to see what you believe.
⑷(后置定语)
The deepest urge in human nature is the desire to be important.
The important thing in life is the determination to attain a great aim.
下面的名词常常可加不定式做定语
ability能力,本领drive驱动
movement运动,活动ambition抱负,野心
effort努力,尝试need需要,需求
campaign战役,运动failure失败
opportunity机会chance机会
force力,压力,要点promise许诺,希望
courage勇气intention意向,意图
reason理由,原因decision决定
method方法,方式determination决心,决定
motive动机,目的struggle奋斗,努力
tendency倾向,趋势wish希望,愿望,祝愿
⑸(状)
To achieve happiness, we should make sure that we are never without an important goal.
Lift a stone only to drop it on your own feet..
Life is too short to worry about everything.

⑹ (主补)
Time is often said to be money.
Positive thinking is considered to be an essential factor of success.
⑺   (宾补)
Difficulties train one to be great.
When you want the present to be better than the past, it is time to learn from the past.
下面的动词习惯于用不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式
ask要求,邀请Get请,得到
prompt促使allow允许
forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿
announce宣布force强迫
press迫使bride收买
inspire鼓舞request请求
assist协助Hate憎恶
pronounce断定,表示advise劝告
exhort告诫,勉励Pray请求
authorize授权,委托Help帮助
recommend劝告,推荐Bear容忍
implore恳求remind提醒
beg请求induce引诱
report报告compel强迫
invite吸引,邀请summon传唤
command命令intend想要,企图
show显示drive驱赶
mean意欲,打算train训练
cause引起instruct指示
require要求deserve应受
direct指导leave使,让
tell告诉Like喜欢
tempt劝诱entitle有资格
order命令Warn告诫
enable使能够Need需要
urge激励,力说encourage鼓励
oblige不得不Want想要
condemn指责,谴责Lead引起,使得
teachentreat恳求
permit允许Wish希望
⑻ 插入语:
英语中常用的不定式做插入语:
1To start with,2To begin with,
3To sum up,4To conclude,
5To summarize,6To be brief,
7To be short,8To illustrate,
9To be honest,10To be fair,
11To be sure,12To be true,
13Sad to say,14So to speak,
15To make matters worse,16To make things worse,
17That is to say,18Needless to say,
19Strange to say,20To tell the truth,
21To put it like this,22To put it differently,
23To put it from another way,24To be exact,
25To be precise,26not to mention…
27to name just a few.28to name but a few.
(9) 不带to的不定式:
1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:
feel 觉得
        observe 注意到,看到
        overhear听到
        watch注视
        listen to听
perceive察觉,感知
        notice注意
        see看见
        look at看
        hear听
2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。
3)在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to。
Every bird loves to hear himself sing.
Take your way. Let the world talk!
Working can help one (to) create a rich and balanced life.
(10) 不定式的时态和语态
时态\语态主动被动
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have doneto have been done
完成进行式to have been doing
A不定式的时态
1)现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
3)进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
4)完成进行时: 动作的持续性。
B不定式的语态
(一般式:to be done;完成式:to have been done)。
(11)不定式的复合结构
It is good for one to have self-knowledge.
It is possible for everybody to be successful.
Confidence makes it easy for one to achieve the goal.
The secret of success is for one to be ready for the opportunity when it comes.
All adversity is really an opportunity for us to grow.
For things to change, one has to change.
(12) 关系代词或副词加不定式
How to act in this changing world is a real challenge.
Experience tells one what to do and confidence helps one do it.

第十八讲:
B. V-ing:
1做主语:
        Having a goal in itself is a state of happiness.
        It is no good learning without practice.
2做宾语:
        Change requires taking the right direction.
        Life consists not in holding good cards, but in playing them well.
        以下动词常常加doing做宾语:
acknowledge承认,自认confess坦白
cease停止tolerate忍受
mention说到,讲到avoid避免
admit承认contemplate细想
dislike不喜欢,讨厌endure忍受
advocate:提倡,主张complete完成
dread害怕appreciate感激,欣赏
enjoy喜爱bear忍受
defer拖延envy嫉妒
can't help不禁delay延迟
escape逃跑,逃避can't stand受不了
deny否认excuse借口
consider考虑detest嫌恶
fancy幻想,爱好favor偏爱
mind介意repent悔悟
figure描绘miss错过
resent怨恨finish完成
pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止
forgive原谅permit允许
resume恢复imagine设想
postpone延迟,延期risk冒险
involve卷入,包含practice实行,实践
suggest建议hate讨厌
prevent阻止save省钱
keep保持quit放弃
stand坚持,忍受loathe厌恶
recall回想
3做表语:
        Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.
        The subject of life is making choices.
4做定语:
        The starting point of all achievements is desire.
        Every failure can be a stepping stone to something better.
5做状语: ( 只要主句的主语是Ving的发出者,Ving 可以做所有的状语)
        Life is like running water, flowing away never to return.
        Those who take the long view are patient with difficulties, knowing that time often makes impossible possible.
6V-ing的时态和语态

主动语态被动语态
一般式DoingBeing done
完成式Having doneHaving been done
7 做插入语:
         A常规 (一些可以做插入语的副词后加上Speaking而意思不变)
1Properly speaking,
2Generally speaking,
3Roughly speaking,
4Precisely speaking,
5Personally speaking,
6Strictly speaking,
7Frankly speaking,
8Honestly speaking,
9Emotionally speaking,
10Psychologically speaking,
B特殊 (一些由Ving构成的特殊插入语)
1Considering…
2Concerning…
3Regarding…
4Respecting…
5Judging by…
6Judging from…
7According to…
8Speaking of…
9Talking of…
10Taking all factors into account,
11Taking all factors into consideration,
12Taking all things into account,
13Taking all things into consideration,
       
                                               
                       
                       
                       
                       
                       

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