跟齐天大圣攻克英语二语法连载第五天

听够珍惜了

第十三讲：
表语从句：
（一）以下这些引导词通常可以引导表从：that \ whether\ what\ where\ how\ why\ when
⑴That
The only certainty is that nothing is certain.
⑵Whether
The test of our progress is whether we can provide enough for those who have too little.
⑶What
Purpose is what gives life meaning.
The future isn’t what it used to be.
Success is what I’m dying for.
⑷Where
Your big opportunity may be right where you are.
⑸How
Sharing is how we express love.
⑹Why
That’s why we say attitude is everything.
⑺When
The biggest victory is when we recognize that we ought to control our thoughts.
㈡表语从句拓展句型

表语从句是英语写作中非常常用的一种从句，可构成各种句型。
The first thing to be mentioned is that
Another point to be considered is that
The last thing to be shown is that
The first advantage of (doing) something is that
Another advantage of (doing) something is that
The third advantage of (doing) something is that
The first disadvantage of (doing) something is that
Another disadvantage of (doing) something is that
The third disadvantage of (doing) something is that
The first possible reason is that
Another cause is that
The third element is that
The first measure to be taken is that
Another solution is that
The third step is that
That is why
Why…is that…
A hot topic discussed by people is whether
A is to B what C is to D
A is to B as C is to D
My view is that…

第十四讲：
同位语从句：
同位语从句一般只由that来引导
We should care for each other in the knowledge that we are more alike than we are different.
We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.

第十五讲：
定语从句讲解
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面。定语从句一般由关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose和关系副词 when, where, why引导。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用: 1 把主句与从句连接起来 2 在从句中担当一定的句子成分。关系代词在从句中可做主语,宾语,表语,定语;关系副词在从句中只能做状语。
（一）定从引导词
⑴由关系代词引导的定语从句

	①	who先行词是人，在定从中可以做主语或宾语         The man who has no inner life is miserable.
	②	which 先行词必须是物，在定从中可以做主语或宾语         Love is the key which opens the gate of happiness.
	③	that 先行词既可是人，又可是物，在定从中做主语或宾语         To live is an art that everyone must learn.
	④	whom 先行词是人，在定从中做宾语         It is unwise to make friends with those whom one does not know well.
	⑤	whose 先行词既可是人，又可是物，在定从中做定语         Success is a journey whose initial step is always tough.

⑵关系副词引导的定从，where\why \ when 这三个词在定从中做状语，后面加一个完整句。

1.	There will be moments in life when one is presented with new options.
2.	Work is the place where happiness lives.
3.	Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they are not doing well.

㈡ 定从分类：

	Œ	限制性定从：由一个定从直接加在先行词后，无逗号隔开，去掉后影响整句的意思。         Success is a process that begins from within.         Passion is any emotion that moves you.
		非限制性定从：与主句之间用逗号隔开，去掉后不影响整句的意思。         The youth need to have ambition and dreams, which are vital.         The youth need to have ambition and dreams, which is vital.

㈢ 介词提前放在引导词前共有如下三种情况：

	①	定从中的某介词的需要：         Experience is a school which you will never graduate from.         Experience is a school from which you will never graduate.         Honesty is the foundation which many other qualities are based on.         Honesty is the foundation on which many other qualities are based.
	②	先行词决定：         Each of us has a purpose for which we were created.
	③	由句意决定：         Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.         Life is a flower of which love is the honey.

(四) 只可用关系代词that的几种情况。

	1.	先行词为all， everything， nothing， something， anything， little， few， much等不定代词时。         All that glitters is not gold.
	2.	先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。         Attitude is the first quality that marks the successful man.
	3.	先行词被the only，the very， the last等修饰时。         To face fear is the only method that really works.

(五) 只可用which 而不用that 的几种情况

	1.	在非限定性定语从句中，只宜用which, 不宜用that。         One may go wrong in many different ways, but right only in one, which is why it is easy to fail and difficult to succeed.
	2.	关系代词前面有介词的时候 。         Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.