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所谓英语长句一般是指20字左右甚至更长的句子，它除了主、谓、宾（表）等主要成份外，往往还携带各种修饰成分（如从句、短语或独立主格等），其定语或状语可以一环套一环，修饰中另有修饰或限定，形成峰回路转、错综复杂的长句结构。W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
而汉语句子短、动词多，语序比较固定，讲究对称。对于母语是汉语的人来说,要做到译文通顺流畅，既符合汉语的表达习惯，又忠实于原文，是一件不容易的事。翻译长句时，首先要弄清原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及各层次的意思，然后分析各层之间的逻辑关系，再根据汉语的特点和表达方式，正确地译出原文意思，不拘泥于原文的形式。W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
本次学姐为大家介绍5种英语长句汉译的翻译方法，即：顺译法、倒译法、分译法和综合译法，帮助大家提高翻译水平。 PART 01 顺译法
顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连，跟汉语相近的长句时，按原句的自然顺序进行翻译，并根据具体情况，适当增加或省略有关的连接词。例如：W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
例一：Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation. 听众的眼神可以表明，演说过于拖沓，演说者在某一点上讲的太多，或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二：But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. 但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。 PART 02 倒译法
有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反，要从英语原文的后面译起，自下而上，颠倒次序进行翻译。一般来说，英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多，所以在翻译实践中，倒译通常要多于顺译。W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
例一：It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent . 如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长，那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求，尚不得而知。
例二：And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。 PART 03 分译法
当英语长句中的主句与从句、或介词短语及分词短语等所修饰的词与词之间的关系不是很密切，并且各具有相对的独立意义时,可根据汉语一个小句表达一层意思的习惯，对原文的各个意思层进行分解，再按时间顺序、逻辑顺序安排，可增减适当的词语以便于短句之间的衔接。例如：W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
例一：The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimulation as the basis of their behavior. 行为主义者坚信，人像机器一样，对环境的刺激作出反应，这是行为的基础。
例二：A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body's needs but also to produce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在11 月份怀胎，5 月底或6 月初生下两只幼鹿，这时她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo PART 04 综合法
有些英语长句顺译或倒译都不合适，分译也有困难，这时就应仔细推敲，或按时间先后，或按逻辑顺序，有顺有倒、有主有次地对全句进行综合处理。W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
例一：But without Adolph Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, soaring imagination and until toward the end，when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich． 然而，如果没有阿道夫·希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫·希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗石般的意志、不可思议的本能、无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想象力，以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。这种判断力和胜利使他冲昏了头脑而自不量力，终于弄巧成拙。W信G众号：beiwaifanshuo
例二：Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. 能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物变为能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命才成为可能。
例三：By the middle of the year, he warned, the Soviet Union would overtake the United States in the number of land-based strategic missiles, the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid-1960s, after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parity and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons. 他警告说，到本年年中苏联将在地基战略导弹的数量上超过美国，因为苏联在古巴事件中失败后，从60 年代中期起就大力发展导弹，目的是为了在核武器方面至少达到同美国均等，并力争超过美国。
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发表于 2017-7-27 16:30
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