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2010年北外高翻试卷真题 北京外国语大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试 英汉同声传译专业试卷 一、将下列短文译成汉语（25分） The dangers of a population explosion have been all overthe newspapers lately and indeed the world population could reach seven billionin just two years and eight billion perhaps in the next two decades. But that’snot the only story. Dramatic declines in fertility rates in some countries andhigh rates in others pose a critical challenge. One must be reminded that thegrowth of world population — which now stands at an estimated 6.8 billion humaninhabitants — has greatly impacted all life forms and the overall naturalenvironment of the planet.
Although the population of the world continues to grow substantially — 79million per year — the rate of growth has declined by nearly half over the last40 years – from 2 percent to 1.2 percent a year. The cause for the slowdown isdeclining fertility rates. However, while the average global fertility hasdropped from about 5 to 2.6 births per woman during the past 50 years,considerable uncertainty exists about the future. Insofar as fertility isthe engine driving the future size of world population, this uncertainty aboutthe path of fertility in the coming years is one of the central and challengingquestions of this century. (199) 二、将下列文章译成汉语（50分） President Obama’s recent trip to China reflects asymbiotic relationship at the heart of the global economy: China uses Americanspending power to enlarge its private sector, while America uses Chineselending power to expand its public sector. Yet this arrangement may unravel ina dangerous way, and if it does, the most likely culprit will be Chineseeconomic overcapacity.
Several hundred million Chinese peasants have moved from the countryside to thecities over the last 30 years, in one of the largest, most rapid migrations inhistory. To help make this work, the Chinese government has subsidized itsexporters by pegging the renminbi at an unnaturally low rate to the dollar.This has supported relatively high-paying export jobs; additional subsidieshave included direct credit allocation and preferential treatment for coastalenterprises.
These aren’t the recommended policies you would find in a basic economics text,but it’s hard to argue with success. Most important, it has given many moreChinese a stake in the future of their society. Those same subsidies, however,have spurred excess capacity and created a dangerous political dynamic in whichthese investments have to be propped up at all cost.
China has been building factories and production capacity in virtually everysector of its economy, but it’s not clear that the latest round of investmentswill be profitable anytime soon. Automobiles, steel, semiconductors, cement,aluminum and real estate all show signs of too much capacity. In Shanghai, thecentral business district appears to have high vacancy rates, yet buildingcontinues.
Chinese planners now talk of the need to restrict investment in sectors thatare overflowing with unsold products. The global market is no longer strong,and domestic demand was never enough in the first place. Regional officialshave an incentive to prop up local enterprises and production statistics, evenif that means supporting projects or accounting practices that are notsustainable. (315) 三、将下列短文译成英语（25分） 由于国际金融危机的严重冲击，我国外部需求大幅萎缩，产能过剩矛盾突出，企业生产经营困难，失业人员增多，经济增速明显下滑。中国政府迅速出台扩大内需、促进经济平稳较快发展的十项措施，全面实施并不断丰富完善应对国际金融危机的一揽子计划，在较短的时间内扭转了经济下滑趋势。我们还积极发展与世界各国的经贸合作与交流，扩大商品进口、对外投资和对外援助，加强同有关国家宏观经济政策协调，推动国际经贸和金融体系改革，为世界经济复苏做出了积极努力。（214） 四、将下列文章译成英语（50分） 1949年以后，一个真正的妇女解放过程开始了。这时男女平等被定为国策，所有妇女都参加生产劳动。这件事太伟大了，因为就算是在西方，妇女对工作权、选举权的争取也要经过100多年，但是中国女性直接就获得了这些权利。而且女性参加社会生产劳动的比例一下就超过了很多西方国家，几乎是100%的适龄并适合劳动的妇女都出来工作，这应该说是一个非常关键的进步。 然而，那个年代有时是比较极端的。过于强调男女都一样，男性能做到的，女性也能做到，男女之间没什么区别，大家穿同样的衣服，女孩儿也都不化妆，好像没有性别的区分了。但造成这种现象的原因是过去女性的地位太低，转到这个阶段，女性被抑制的各种方面爆发了。此时，女性的地位得到极大提高，但性别差异也被忽略。（309 需要更多帮助请关注微信公众号;北外考研网 微信：kaokaohao
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发表于 2016-4-12 13:31
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