2016考研英语（一）真题 答案 解析汇总

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2016考研英语（一）真题 答案 解析汇总
来源：有道学堂　有道考天下
英语一 完形填空
In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, 1. as well as those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2. decide on a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to 3. arrange the marriage negotiations, or the young person's parents may make the choice of spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4. In theory, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5. After a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6. into a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, 7. but by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8. recite prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9. tying cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10. passing a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11. union. Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12. live with them up to a year, 13. until they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and relatively easy to 14. obtain, but not common. Divorced persons are 15. viewed with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16. whatever property he or she 17. brought into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18. divided equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19. shows up : The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20. while the woman must wait ten months.

1.        A. by way of   B. with regard to   C. on behalf of   D. as well as
2.        A. decide on   B. provide for     C. compete with  D. adapt to
3.        A. close       B. arrange        C. renew       D. postpone
4.        A. In theory    B. Above all      C. In time       D. For example
5.        A. Unless      B. Lest          C. After         D. Although
6.        A. into        B. within        C. from         D. through
7.        A. or         B. since         C. but          D. so
8.        A. test        B. copy         C. recite        D. create
9.        A. folding      B. piling        C. wrapping     D. tying
10.        A. passing     B. lighting       C. hiding       D. serving
11.        A. association  B. meeting      C. collection     D. union
12.        A. deal        B. part         C. grow        D. live
13.        A. whereas     B. until        C. for          D. if
14.        A. avoid       B. follow       C. challenge     D. obtain
15.        A. isolated     B. persuaded    C. viewed      D. exposed
16.        A. wherever    B. whatever     C. whenever    D. however
17.        A. changed     B. brought     C. shaped       D. pushed
18.        A. invested     B. divided     C. donated      D. withdrawn
19.        A. warms      B. clears       C. shows       D. breaks
20.        A. while       B. so that      C. once        D. in that

【参考答案】
1-5 DABAC   6-10 ACCDA   11-15 DDBDC   16-20 BBBCA

PART B
Here Is How You Should Upgrade Your Professional Image
<From Entrepreneur>

A.        Create a new image of yourself
B.        Decide if the time is right
C.        Have confidence in yourself
D.        Understand the context
E.        Work with professionals
F.        Know your goals
G.        Make it efficient

No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.
The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress t-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. The desired professional image for a 50-something executive at a manufacturing company in China may be completely different for a young ad agency CEO in New York City. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.
So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one that enhances our goals? Here are some tips:
41. Decide if the time is right.(B)
As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions -- when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK.  
42. Know your goals. (F)
Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations like that.)
43. Understand the context. (D)
Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.
44. Work with professionals. (E)
Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.
45. Make it efficient.(G)
The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.

Text 1
A challenge to the fashion industry's body ideals

French lawmakers tentatively approved a ban on ultra-thin models and have taken other steps that hint the fashion industry must rethink its influence over women's view of their individual worth.
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. And it insisted that fashion magazines reveal if they have altered a published photo to make a model look thinner.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep – and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?
A. New runways would be constructed.
B. Physical beauty would be redefined.
C. Websites about dieting would thrive.
D. The fashion industry would decline.
正确答案为B。定位于第一段。该段主要说的是法国通过法律禁止时尚界定义女性形体美的权力，雇佣过瘦的模特被视为犯罪。因此可以推测固有的以瘦为美的形体美标准已经不再使用，应该会对此重新定义。这与选项B的意思一致，故选B。
选项A“将会修建新的T台”在文中没有提及；选项C“节食方面的网站可能会倒闭”，法律也禁止网站提倡过度节食，鼓励过瘦，但并没有提到其会产生怎样的后果。选项D“时尚界会衰退”，时尚界是否会衰退在文中并没有提到，只是提到了其无法再对形体美标准进行定义。C、D两项均属于过度推断。
22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to
A. heightening the value of.
B. indicating the state of
C. losing faith in.
D. doing harm to.
答案: D
解析:
题干要求选“impinging on”的最接近的含义。
“impinging on”译为：撞击。
A．提高价值
B．显示
C．失去信心
D．对…有伤害
故选D.

23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?
A. New standards are being set in Denmark.
B. The French measures have already failed.
C. Models are no longer under peer pressure.
D. Its inherent problems are getting worse.
正确答案为A。第六段提到新发布的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》也明确指出已经意识到时尚界对于理想身材定义的影响，尤其对青年人的影响。并会取消违规设计者和模特公司的参会资格。这说明了丹麦附和了上文中提到的新法国条例，并对形体美进行了新的定义。故选A。
选项B“法国的措施已经失败了”在文中并没有提及，属于无中生有；选项C“模特不再饱受同行压力”，选项D“它遗留的问题变得更糟糕”，文中第五段只列举了其遗留的问题，没有提到情况是否变得更糟糕，故排除。

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for
A. pursuing perfect physical conditions.
B. caring too much about models’character.
C. showing little concern for health factors.
D. setting a high age threshold for models.
答案: C
解析:
题干问设计师们最有可能被CFW拒绝的原因是什么。可参考原文倒数第二段“In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.”：
A．追求完美的身体条件
B．太过于重视模特们的个性
C．对健康因素关注太少
D．设置模特最高年龄值
故选C.

25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?
A. A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals
B. A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France
C. Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty
D. The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry.

答案: A
解析:
题干问：本篇文章最好的题目是下列的哪一个：

A．对时尚界身体理念的挑战
B．法国“模特饥荒”的困境
C．另一轮关于美丽的斗争
D．时尚产业的巨大威胁
综观全文，通篇表述的是关于时尚界身体理念的内容，故选A.

Text 2
Is Ukip the only party that cares about the British countryside?

Simon Jenkins
For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the NHS as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political traction.
A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue posh houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorising “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Identikit warehouse and “volume housing” estates now sprawl across the landscape with no thought for environmental impact or cost to the public infrastructure. It is crazy.Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Nigel Farage’s speech this year to the Campaign to Protect Rural Engandstruck terror into many local Conservative parties.
Having watched the antics of the building lobby in recent years I can only marvel at the gullibility of politicians. When the coalition came to power it was justly keen to streamline the planning system. But it asked the development lobby – house-builders, property owners and others – how to do so. They said, unsurprisingly, “let us build in the countryside” where the quick money lies, and where the state would pick up the infrastructure bill.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. Anyone who travels round England at present sees mile upon mile of “brownfield” land awaiting development. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build (free of VAT) against urban renovation and renewal (with VAT). He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas in this way.
Development should be planned, not let rip.After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative – the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland.

26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside
A . didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.
B. has brought much benefit to the NHS.
C. is fully backed by the royal family.
D. is not well reflected in politics.
正确答案为D。
【正确项分析】题目询问英国公众对乡村的情感。选项D表示这种情感并未反应在政治上，可以体现在第一段第三句，该句转折指出虽然polls（民意调查）的结果同皇室、莎士比亚和NHS一致（alongside），因为他们以自己国家的乡村为傲，但在政治上可获得的支持有限。
【错项分析】其他三项虽然都提到了该句中的英国皇室、莎士比亚和NHS，属于原词再现，但该句只是表达民众观点和以上三者一致，选项A中的“为NHS带去巨大利益”和选项B中的“直到莎士比亚时期才开始”在文中没有提到，选项C虽然表示了民众观点和皇室一致，但其中的fully backed（完全支持）属于过度推断。
27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now
A. gradually destroyed
B. effectively reinforced.
C. largely overshadowed
D. properly protected
正确答案为A。
【正确项分析】定位第二段中关于National Trust的部分。首段提到的a century ago可确定这个Trust的提出时间是在过去，从该段前三句可以看出这个Trust成立的目的是保护乡村绿地，反对过度开发，并取得了结果。第四句从过去回到了现在，They指代前面提到的成果（国家公园和绿化带），说道每年被水泥（高楼大厦）蚕食，与选项A的gradually destroyed对应。
【错项分析】选项B“得到有效加强”和选项D“得到妥善保护”与段意相反。选项C表示“在很大程度上失色不少”，文中没有提到对比项，因此无从谈到“相形见拙”。
28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?
A. Labour is under attack for opposing development.
B. The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
C. The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
D. Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
正确答案为D。
【正确项分析】该题考查对第三段的理解。第一句就提到没有政党考虑（endorse）民众的感情（none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment），民众既然希望英国的农村保持原样，那么其他政党的观点就是要求开发。选项D的Ukip可定位至第五句，该句说“只有英国独立党，感受到了它的机会，站在了（side with）呼吁合理利用绿地的民众这一边”，选项D说“独立党可能从支持乡村保护中受益”可由sensing its chance看出，这个chance可理解为民众支持率。
【错项分析】选项A提到工党反对开发直接错误，前四句提到的工党和保守党两大党都支持开发乡村。可知选项B“保守党可能放弃计划外建造方案”是不可能的。选项C提到的自由民主党从第五句看出，该句指提到这个党保持沉默，并不能因此推断出这个党的政治影响力下降的结论，该项属于过度推断。
29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference
A. highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.
B. show his disregard for the character of rural areas.
C. stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.
D. reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
正确答案为B。
【正确项分析】根据George Osborne定位至第五段。该段首句指出“住房危机”等同于“钢筋水泥的草地”这种观点只是游说集团的借口。第二句提到“住房危机”的重点并非是否有需要建造更多的房子，而是建在哪里。第三句说到George Osborne在游说团体的压力下，支持在乡下建造新房子而非对城区进行改造和重建。这个观点和游说团体的一致。因此选项A所说的“他反对游说团体的压力”错误。第四句接着提到他建议在乡下建商店而不是在主要街道，作者对他观点的评价是“有偏见的”。因为乡村城镇已经成长并会一直成长，只有在建筑坐落在乡村周边并尊重农村特点的情况下才能发展最好，不能单纯认为乡村缺少商店。最后一句总结说我们不能用这种方法破坏农村，this way回指George Osborne在农村新建商铺等建筑的建议。因此选项B说他“没有考虑到农村环境的特点”正确。
【错项分析】选项B说他“强调缓解住房危机的必要性”是利用原文细节housing crisis所进行的干扰，其“必要性”在文中没有对应。选项D说他“表示了对城区的强烈偏见”与原文表意相反，原文是说他对农村地区有偏见，认为农村更需要建造商店，而作者提到农村应自然发展，尊重特点。
30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of
A. the size of population in Britain.
B. the political life in today’s Britain.
C. the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.
D. the town-and –country planning in Britain.
正确答案为D。
【正确项分析】定位最后一段。该段首句总述作者观点，即应对开发有所计划，而不是任由其搞破坏（let rip）。第三句指出作为欧洲第二大最拥挤的国家，英国经过半个世纪的城乡规划，使得它能够保持令人羡慕的乡村景观的协调性，同时还能使城市的人口保持低密度，其中的enviable和题目中的appreciation可对应，因此，作者对选项D“英国的城乡规划”更加赞同。
【错项分析】最后一段只提到英国的人口密度大，作者没有对人口规模表达观点。选项B“英国如今的政治生活”在最后一段没有提到。选项C中的“城市生活方式”在最后一段没有提到，该项是利用enviable一词制作的干扰项。