|
考研英语原版英文文章阅读、单词积累及长难句解析（2011.05.06） Are You Motivated–Or Are You Driven?
Necessity is the mother of invention, goesthe saying. But not so. A considerable body of research over many years hasshown that pressure is an almost sure-fire way to shut down creativity. As amore accurate saying puts it: “Keep your ear to the ground, your nose to thegrindstone, and your shoulder to the wheel. Now try to work in that position.” There’s a huge difference between beingmotivated to do something and being driven to do it. It’s hardly news thatpeople respond better to incentivesthan to threats. Therefore, all but the most ignorant HR departments trainmanagers in the art of motivation. So why do many managers treat themselvesworse than they would their staff? When I look at colleagues or clients orfriends, I see more driven people than motivated ones. Many of us have onlyourselves to blame for the hunched-over (驼背的) posture. “You’ve got to understand, I’m under a lot of pressure,”one told me recently; thinking about it later, I realized that her business is doing well and she has created herown anxiety. Of course, that’s a lot easier to observe in someone else than in yourself, whichis one reason people see psychologists. But here are some signs: Are you pursuing something, or are youbeing pursued? At the most basic level, people are motivated by rewards anddriven by fears. A lot of research suggests that optimists are more successfulthan pessimists. Lawyers are the great exception, according to Martin Seligmanof the University of Pennsylvania, partlybecause they’re selected, trained, and paid to look for what might go wrong. Who has defined success for you? Sure, you may have budgets and targets andstretch goals, but if those are your only milestones, you’ve given up thechance to find intrinsic motivations – like, for example, recognizing your owngrowing expertise. Someone who is motivated feels satisfaction at the endof a project; someone who is driven feels relief. One has champagne; the otherneeds a drink. Are you trying to stand out or to fit in?There’s always an element of pridein motivation… Motivated people like to show off their accomplishments, and revel in the uniqueness of what theyhave done. Someone driven, by contrast, is complying,even when he is a so-called high achiever. Are you getting somewhere? Motivation maybe intrinsic, but it thrives on feedback loops. New research from Harvard Business School’sTheresa Amabile documents the unexpected power of progress as a motivator: It’sthe number-one reason people report having had a good day at work, rankingahead of recognition, incentives, clear goals, or support. You want to knowthat you’re getting somewhere. When we’re progressing, we’re motivated; whennot, we start driving ourselves. Most managers try to be conscientious about motivating theirpeople rather than driving them. Why is it so hard to do unto ourselves what wewould do to others? 单词积累： 1. incentive：n. 刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机 与此相类似的表达还有motivation“动力；动机，刺激；积极性”，motive“动机，目的”。 表示“激发，刺激，激励”的动词为motivate，常见用法是：motivate sb. to do sth.。其名称形式为motivator“激励因素（人或物）”。 可能与之混淆的词有intrinsic“a. (指价值、性质)固有的，本质的，内在的”，如本文的intrinsicmotivation“内在动力”；intuition“n. 直觉，直观；凭直觉而知的事物”。 2. realize：v. 实现（目标、梦想等）；认识到，意识到，体会到。它的名词形式为realization“认识，领会；实现”。
常见用法：realize my dream “实现我的梦想”；I come to realize that… “我逐渐意识到……”。
可能与之混淆的词为recognize“认出，发现（某一事实）；承认，认可；认识到”。其名词形式为recognition“认出，识别；承认，认可”。 如：I didn’t recognize you just now. /British medical qualifications are recognized in Canada. / It is important torecognize how little we know about this disease. 3. an element of：一点，少许。 4. revel in：enjoy sth. very much 着迷，沉迷于。
另外表示“沉迷于”的短语有indulge in sth. (带点贬义，有点纵情声色的感觉)；be fascinated by…(迷恋上，被……强烈吸引)；be obsessed with / by…（除了有“被迷住”的意思，还有“被困扰”的意思）。
5. comply：v. (with) to do what you have to door are asked to do 遵照，照做，应允；顺从，服从。如：She has complied with the requirements.
其名词形式为compliance“遵从，服从，依从”，与之容易混淆的词是compliment“n./v. 恭维，赞美，表扬；致意，问候（一般用复数形式）”。
其形容词形式为compliant“（with）遵从的，服从的，依从的，顺从的，屈从的；与……相符合的，一致的”，与之容易混淆的词是complimentary“表示敬意的，赞美的，恭维的”。
6. conscientious：adj. 认真的，自觉的；尽职的，尽责的。这个词强调“恪尽职守”的意思。
可与之一并记忆的词有conscience“n. 良心，良知”，conscious“adj. (of)意识到的，自觉的；神志清醒的”。
长难句解析： 1. That’s a loteasier to observe in someone else than in yourself, which is one reason peoplesee psychologists. 解析：这个句子的难点：找到非限定性定语从句关系词which所指代的内容。 which指代的是前面整个句子That’sa lot easier to observe in someone else than in yourself，如何判断呢？从分析这个定语从句开始，定语从句which is onereason people see psychologists的主语是which，谓语是is，one reason是表语，（that）people see psychologists是定语从句，修饰reason。那which指代的是什么呢？靠它最近的是yourself，yourself是reason吗？好像说不通，其他名词好像也没法说通，看样子能做reason的应该就是这整句话的意思了：发现别人的问题比发现自己的问题容易。 个人翻译：发现别人的问题比发现自己的问题容易，这就是人们看心理医生的一个原因。 2. You may havebudgets and targets and stretch goals, but if those are your only milestones,you’ve given up the chance to find intrinsic motivations – like, for example,recognizing your own growing expertise. 解析：本句由两个分句构成，分句之间用but来连接：you may have budgets and targetsand stretch goals和if those areyour only milestones, you’ve given up the chance to…。
a. 第一个分句结构很简单，不需要累述；
b. 第二个分句是一个复合句：if those are your onlymilestones是条件状语从句；you’vegiven up the chance to…才是主句，主句中破折号后面的内容只是插入语，起补充说明作用。
个人翻译：你或许有（自己的）财务安排、既定任务和极具挑战性的奋斗目标，但如果在你看来只有那些东西才算人生里程碑的话，那你就放弃了发掘（自己）内在动力如认识到自己专业水平在不断提高的机会。 3. New researchfrom Harvard Business School’sTheresa Amabile documents the unexpected power of progress as a motivator: It’sthe number-one reason people report having had a good day at work, rankingahead of recognition, incentives, clear goals, or support. 解析：本句看起来长，但结构并不复杂，主句是冒号前面的New researchfrom Harvard Business School’s Theresa Amabile documents…；冒号后面的It’s the number-one reasonpeople…是个补充说明的句子，完全可以看做另外一句话。
a. 主句New research from Harvard Business School’sTheresa Amabile documents…的主语是New research（后面的from Harvard Business School’s Theresa Amabile我们完全可以当做没看见，或者统统归为一个机构或人名这个印象好了，还好这个里面没有太多生词，如果有太多生词，要跟这个部分较劲那就太浪费时间了）；谓语是documents（document“公文，文献”一般是个名词，但也可以做动词，这里就是谓语动词，意为“记录，记载，证明”）；宾语是the unexpected power of progress as a motivator“不断进步所蕴含的超出我们想象的激励能量”。
b. It’s thenumber-one reason…是这句话的主干结构，后面的people report having had a good day at work是定语从句修饰reason；ranking ahead of…是现在分词短语表补充说明。
个人翻译：Harvard Business School’s Theresa Amabile所做的新调查记录了不断进步所蕴含的超出我们想象的激励能量：这是人们称自己某天工作愉快的首要因素，排在被认可、内在动力、明确目标和他人支持之前。
| 
发表于 2011-5-6 16:53
收藏
分享
支持
反对
