新概念第四册笔记

chenginchina

我还没整理完，弄好后会发WORD版的

chenginchina

Matterhorn man
              马特霍恩山区人

First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?

    Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal -- the top!
    It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could -- sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed.
                         WALTER UNSWORTH Matterhorn Man


New words and expressions 生词和短语

    Matterhorn
n.  马特霍恩峰（阿尔卑斯山之一，在意大利和瑞士边境）
    alpinist
n.  登山运动员  
    pioneer
v.  开辟，倡导；
n.  先锋，开辟者
    summit
n.  顶峰
    attain
v.  到达
    perilous
adj. 危险的
    shudder
v.  不寒而栗
    court
v.  追求
    solitary
adj. 唯一的
    impoverish
v.  使贫困
    Alpine
adj. 阿尔卑斯山的
    flea-ridden
adj. 布满跳蚤的
    coarse
adj. 粗劣的
    boast
v.  自恃有
    parishioner
n.  教区居民
    shepherd
n.  牧羊人
    linen
n.  亚麻布床单
    the Alps
n.  阿尔卑斯山脉

参考译文

    现代登山运动员总想找一条能够给他们带来运动乐趣的路线来攀登山峰。他们认为， 道路愈艰险愈带劲儿。然而，在登山运动的初期，全然不是这种情况。早期登山者所寻找的是通往山顶的最方便的途径，因为顶峰特别是前人未曾到过的顶峰 -- 才是他们寻求的目标。确实，在探险中他们经常遇到惊心动魄的困难和危险，而他们装备之简陋足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。但是，他们并非故意寻求这种刺激，他们只有一个目标，唯一的目标 -- 顶峰！
    我们今天很难想像昔日的登山先驱们是多么艰苦。除了泽曼特和夏蒙尼等一两个很快出了名的地方外，阿尔卑斯山山区的小村几乎全是高山环抱、与世隔绝的穷乡僻壤。那里的小客栈一般都很肮脏，而且跳蚤猖獗。 食物是当地的干酪和通常存放了一年之久的面包，人们就着劣酒吞下这种食物。山谷里常常没有小客栈，登山者只好随遇而安。有时同当地牧师 （他通常和他的教民一样穷）住在一起，有时同牧羊人或制乳酪的人住在一起。无论住在哪儿，情况都一样：肮脏、贫穷，极其不舒适。对于过惯了一顿饭吃7道菜、睡亚麻细布床单的人来说，变换一下生活环境来到阿尔卑斯山山区，那一定是很艰难的。

chenginchina

Concept idioms
Idiomatic expressions
Rot away =disappear without trace
Alpinist=climber
Route 航线
The main shipping route across the Atlantic
The climbers tried to find a new route to the summit.
Way特定的道路
He asked me the way to London.
温总理新年贺词:
千百年来，中国人民一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了激流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到了今天。
Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of obstacles and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.
小白脸pretty boy
Canned laugh 背景音笑
Get one’s teeth into sth 全力以赴
We have got a long way to go.这会很难。
Give them good sport 带来刺激excitement
NCE is a tall order 要求高，较难
Monumental task
Elementary
Common sense
Snap 打响指
As easy as ABC
A breeze
Pioneering days早期 that was not the case at all
Case某种特定的情况
This is not necessarily the case.
This is not the case with peter.
How did this situation come about?
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of Charles.
Current political situation 当前政治局势
In the situation
Court—seek
It is (perhaps, maybe, very)true that 诚然+but
One vital point is being left out of our consciousness.
The general living standard has much improved since 1980s, all this does not alter the basic pattern of a two-tiered society.两极分化
To be true/ admittedly, but it will not be the case that
诚然现在很多人想在大学毕业后考研，但没几个人想当学者
Quite a few choose to stay on campus for 2or 3 years after graduation…they want to be scholars.
Some are doing it just to postpone the day of decision, to acquire another degree to impress the society in which they think credentials are the only currency.
You backed your car into the garage.倒车进车库
We are all backing you.支持你
I backed your plan.我同意
I eyed her from head to foot.我从头到脚打量她。
Habits, customs and traditions have been handed down from one generation to another.
I handed the lady into the car.
He headed the uprising. 领导起义
Rebellion叛乱
I straight headed for my dorm.
He’s always nosing into other people’s affairs.
My school-book is badly thumbed.
The pages of the book were soiled and thumbed with use.
She ankled down.她扭着就过来了。
Dream works梦工厂
Blistering cold
Scorching desert
Perilous journey
Shudder at the thought 两股战战
Craven-coward 懦夫
A hero risks his life to help others.
A craven runs from the scene. 临阵脱逃
I thought I would be nervous when I made my speech, but I delivered it without trepidation (fright).
Several apprehensive parents telephoned when the kids were late.

anxious
it was dastardly of the captain to desert the sinking ship.

Cowardly and mean
Timid=shy
Let’s not be so timid.

You are never given a wish without also being given the power to make it come true. You may have to work for it, however.
Opportunities are usually disguised as hard work.
事情concern 案例
The case concerned Richard.

What is a subject?
主语是最重要的。
Visualization视觉化
Desperate 抓狂
Hopeless 绝望
人们在北方发现美洲狮
Puma主语
吓死我了
I’m scared.
See through 看穿
See sb through 帮助人
完成什么事情see class through
See … off
See about/to 处理
Cannot see the wood for the trees 一叶障目
See one’s way to
See through blue glasses悲观
I can see my way to Beijing University.
我觉得可以进入北大。
See sb through the college
帮助某人直到大学毕业
One case concerns …an eleven-year old girl VP
And, too, also, other
Suddenly =论述中的however
Keep the window   open
       A         B
A+B=F 主表
I’m holding the baby alone.
With the light off
Leave me holding the baby alone.
Do sth up 收拾 arrange
In bundles =in this way
In的用法
In good condition
In classroom
It was noticed …
Talent was brought to the notice …
Bring   release推出  bring out
在新年伊始，他推出了自己的新专辑
At the beginning of the year, he brought out the new album.
Bring back 拉回到悲伤童年
Talking about it brought it back to …
Diarrhea
Bring in 疾病，不良的身体状况
Hot hot hot 麻辣烫brought on an attack of acne on my face.
Bring down the house 得满堂彩
Bring to light 暴光
Bring into operation
Bring into the open
Bring to a head：
The situation was brought to a head.
事情已经到了不得不解决的地步
Bring …home阐述得很彻底明了
Set up      institute建立
Bring out the best in
Near where she lives
名词n=句子s
The rest =what is left
Your residence=where you live
Where you are in English 你的英语水平
Commission 委员会
Capable of doing 在某单一领域内有能力
Be able to do 全面的，值得信任的---年轻有为
Strangers still 插入语filler
Still more        even
Given the choice
Needless to say       句首last but not the least
First and foremost句首
To sum up –in conclusion
And vice versa 反之亦然
Versatile 多才多艺    ver =转向 ile =趋势
As it is 强调客观事实  he is young
As it were 比方说
副词
Briefly, fortunately, apparently看起来, allegedly自称,  theoretically,
Technically, biologically,据称
Conspicuously 显然
Sentiment---emotion情绪
Sensation---feeling
Hypersensitive 过于敏感
Allergic 过敏
Except           A except B 相同属性
I go to school every day except on Sunday.
I Looked you everywhere except in the classroom.
I’ve no idea except that he makes a teacher.
Except for
She (always) lacked the ability.
Cease 停止
Life is nothing but a competition to be the criminal rather than the victim.
Orgy 无节制,无理智的狂欢
Dionysus酒神，感性主义
Inclination (often, likely) 往往


讲的是频率，可能性
Tend to do
Have a ternary to do
Be inclined to do
Have (an) inclination to do
Be apt to do
Be subject to do 易受到,产生影响
Peasants used to be subject to the local landowner.
We are a people no longer subject to foreign rule.
Oil is subject to uncertainties over price and future supply.
Children are always subject to family abuse.家庭暴力
Truism 真理
It has been a truism (不支持) for as long as school has existed that for students the only good homework is no homework.
Although 不支持
表示委婉的反对的句型：
It has never been explained to me why +S
It is beyond me why +s
It has been a mystery to me why +s
I don’t understand +s

Go out of one’s way to do =make a special effort to do 特意去做 do sth by intention
It’s good for you to go out of your way to meet us at the station.
专门来车站送我们,你真是太好了。
Court =to attempt to gain=seek 寻求
Court wealth and fame
Court love 求爱
Address 处理问题
Appropriate 适当/ 挪用公款
Arrested development 发展滞后
Concern 财团，公司
Consume 凋谢，枯萎
cure腌、熏、晒、烤等的)加工保藏(法)
felt 毡子
humor 玻璃晶体
observe 评论
I have very little to observe on what has been said.不置一词，无话可说
Run 跳丝袜上的洞
Stocking
Sheer stocking 丝袜
Scale 鱼鳞
Screen 筛子
Season加佐料
Secretary 写字台
Still 蒸馏
Train =scheme =trick 独门绝技
Wind 缠绕，上发条
聪明的最高境界是做可重复的事
The summit of smartness must be something that can be practiced repeatedly and infinitely.

真是无语

这个书上都有的啊，文章 。  人太懒了，都没咋搞。  有资料的话，劳驾发个我一份吧！ 谢谢  你哈！[em:35]

chenginchina

咳，我太懒了，几天才总结一点，等月末总结好了再发

dreamcatcherdan

rt

shinergirl

楼主真好！！顶起

chenginchina

楼主很懒，好几天没整理了/看了留言，我继续。。。

chenginchina

Generally, our remote ancestors adopted a critical attitude toward conquest. He never attempted to conquer the world but to live in harmony with in
He wished to be like a fish in the sea, a bird on the wind, to pass without leaving a trace.
存在比成就重要。
Being, not achieving was important.
Yan can’t find a thing anywhere but /except in Beijing.
Few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except give an order.
后跟不定式，极少用BUT
What can we do but sit and wait?
What,who,where开头的疑问句，一般用BUT
Who but Richard would do such a thing?
Impoverish  reduce to poverty 赤贫
The increase in boarding fee will impoverish any student.
Indigence 脱贫
By hard work, I have raised myself from indigence to wealth.
Destitute=not possessing the necessaries such as food, shelter and clothing.
地震过后，很多灾民无家可归
The severe earthquake left many destitute.
Housewives can economize by buying their soap pounder in large containers.
Such inns as there were were generally dirty.
Those inns who, which, any that 像。。。一样
1.        Those women who knew me thought I am charming.
Such women as know me think I am charming.
2.        Don't read those books which you can't understand.
Don’t read such books as you can't understand.
我能找到的地儿都特贵
Such accommodation as I could find was expensive.
Grub 蛆   grubby污秽的  grim  muck 粪便
Filthy不洁的，污秽的  smut 煤
Homonym 同音字
Whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you.
Whoever wants to attend the intensive class is welcome.
No matter who… , he is welcome.
No matter what did for me, it was appreciated.
Pope
the orthodox eastern church
cardinal 红衣主教
archbishop 大主教
bishop 主教
abbot =prior /father
priest 教士 男修道院长
monk 修士 friar  brother
abbess女修道院 nun 修女sister
vicar牧师 Buddhist monk 和尚 nun 尼姑
lama=Tibetan priest喇嘛
Taoist priest 道士

chenginchina

In the pioneering days
At the thought of
Go out of one’s way   
Wash down 送下
In a manner
Our vicar is always raising money for one case or another.
         Habitually, constantly, continually
They have come out of the cocoon, into a larger one.蚕茧
Juvenile arrest 青少年犯罪
Take leave to do  
Take the liberty of doing 冒昧
May I take leave to ask you a question?
I take leave to think conclusion is wrong.
Get down to （介词）
总结TO 是介词的情况
Begin to give serious attention to sth
Be opposed to
Consent to
Dedicate to
Devote
Admit to
Confess to
Fall to 开始
Revert to 回复到
Get rise to 引起
When it comes to 当涉及到
Lodgings    foundations      premises 本身复数名词
The architect inspected the foundations before declaring that the premises were safe.
The acoustics in the opera-house are near perfect.音效
Looks are less important than personality in a partner/spouse.
As you come to the outskirts of the village, there are traffic lights.
The proceeds of the concert will go to the children’s fund.
The terrorist’s whereabouts are unknown. 行踪
Magnificent 壮丽的
Would have been pleased 倒愿意
Problem child 有争议的孩子
I am swamped with my work.我很忙
I am not the social type.
Opinions vary widely.仁者见仁
Some claim that success factor is largely a matter of devotion,
Others speak of luck,
Sill others maintain that it is undoubtedly.
Vigorous 有活力的
Air= the personal bearing =appearance =manner =mien 风度
Dull   dreary  dismal 乏味
Commitment =the state of being bound emotionally
Cosmic 目光远大的
Conceit   having too high an opinion of oneself
Turn to sb for sth 寻求帮助