上海外国语大学 2005 攻读硕士研究生入学考试
英语语言文学专业翻译试卷
（180 分钟，总分150）
得 分
阅卷人
1. Translate the following into English（75 分）
孔子曰：“三人行，则必有我师。”老师和学生并没有什么不可逾越的界限。在这门知识上老师高于学生，在另一门知识上，学生也可能高于老师；今天老师高于学生，明天学生可能高过老师。这也是辩证法，对立面的统一。
礼记的《学记》有一段著名的话，意思也和这相近：“学然后知不足，教然后知困。知不足，然后能自反也。知困，然后能自强也。故曰：教学相长也。” 这就是在今天说来，也还是颠扑不破的。“教育者必先受教育”，这个道理说来很浅显，但是人们在实际生活中却很不容易承认。特别是当老师当久了的人，就很不容易接受这个辩证法。老师们不容易接受这个道理，倒也事出有因。“弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子”，虽是封建思想的代表者韩愈所提出来的一个观点，但是在封建时代却并不通入。正好相反，“天地君亲师”，在封建时代，老师是同“天地君亲”在一起，居高临下。老师毕竟是老师，师道尊严，神圣不可侵犯。这个观点相沿成习。新的师生关系，是“不耻相师”，彼此平等，不分尊卑，真正是“道之所存，师之所存”，谁有学问谁就是老师。圣人无常师，师亦无常道，就是当老师的并不经常等于真。一个当老师的人，既要勇于坚持自己的真理，又要勇于承认自己的非真理，同学生们一道来为科学真理奋斗。
2. Translate the following into Chinese（75 分）
Outside my window the night is struggling to wake; in the moonlight, the blinded garden dreams so vividly of its lost colours. The white-washed wall is brilliant against the dark-blue sky. The white walls of the house coldly reverberate the lunar radiance. The moon is full. The moon is a stone; but it is a highly numinous stone. Or, to be more precise, it is a stone about which and because of which men and women have numinous feelings. Thus, there is a soft moonlight that can give us the peace that passes understanding. There is a moonlight that inspires a kind of awe. There is a cold and austere moonlight that tells the soul of its loneliness and desperate isolation, its insignificance or its uncleanness. There is an amorous moonlight prompting to love - to love not only for an individual but sometimes even for the whole universe. But the moon shines on the body as well as, through the windows of the eyes, within the mind. It affects the soul directly; but it can affect it also by obscure and circuitous ways - through the blood. Half the human race lives in manifest obedience to the lunar rhythm; and there is evidence to show that the physiological and therefore the spiritual life, not only of women, but of men too, mysteriously ebbs and flows with the changes of the moon. There are unreasoned joys, inexplicable miseries, laughters and remorses without a cause. Their sudden and fantastic alternations constitute the ordinary weather of our minds. These moods are the children of the blood and humours. But the blood and humours obey, among many other masters, the changing moon. Touching the soul directly through the eyes and, indirectly, along the dark channels of the blood, the moon is doubly a divinity.
Even if we think of the moon as only a stone, we shall find its very stoniness potentially a numen. A stone gone cold. An airless, waterless stone and the prophetic image of our own earth when, some few million years from now, the senescent sun shall have lost its present fostering power.... And so on. This passage could easily be prolonged-a Study in Purple. But I forbear. Let every reader lay on as much of the royal rhetorical colour as he finds to his taste. Anyhow, purple or no purple, there the stone is-stony. You cannot think about it for long without finding, yourself invaded by one or other of several essentially numinous sentiments. These sentiments belong to one or other of two contrasted and complementary groups Sentiments of Human Insignificance sentiments of Human Greatness.
05 汉译英参考译文
Confucius says, “Out of three men, there must be one that can teach me.” So pupils are necessarily inferior to their teachers, nor teachers better than their pupils. Some learn the truth earlier than others, and some have special skills—that is all.”
A similar idea is expressed by the following well-known passage quoted from Xueji (The Subject of Education), a chapter of the ancient book Liji (The Book of Rites): “However nice the food may be, if one does not eat it, he does not know its taste; however perfect the doctrine may be, if one does not learn it, he does not know its value. Therefore, when he learns, one knows his own deficiencies; when he teaches, one knows where the difficulty lies. After he knows his deficiencies, one is able to examine himself; after he knows where the difficulty lies, one is able to improve himself. Hence, ‘teaching and learning help each other;’ as it is said in Yue Ming,
‘Teaching is the half of learning.’” The above quote from Liji, which lays emphasis on self-examination and self-improvement, is less thoroughgoing than what Han Yu says about education. Nevertheless, its remarks such as
"When he teaches one knows where the difficulty lies,” “Teaching benefits teachers as well as pupils” and
“Teaching is the half of learning” (a quotation meaning teaching and learning are opposite and complementary to each other) all remain irrefutable to this day.
The new relationship between teacher and pupil should be that of, in the words of Han Yu, “not (being) ashamed to learn from each other.” That is to say, teacher and pupil should teach each other and learn from each other. They should teach each other as equals regardless of seniority, so that, as Han Yu says, “whoever knows the truth can be a teacher.”
• 05 英译汉参考译文
窗外的夜正努力地醒来。月光下朦胧的花园栩栩如生地梦见自己失去的光彩。粉白的墙在深蓝色天空 的衬托下泛着亮光。这房子粉白色的墙冷冷地反射着月亮的清辉。这是一轮满月。
月亮是块石头。一块神秘的石头。或更确切地说， 正是因为它，人间的饮食男女才有了神秘的感情。 因此，时有柔和的月光给我们带来不可思议的平静。时有神秘的月光使我们产生敬畏。时有冷峻的月光影 射着灵魂的孤苦伶仃，微不足道，或是肮脏龌龊。时有多情的月光促发爱慕之情——不仅是对个体的痴爱 有时甚至是对宇宙苍生的博爱。但是月光不仅照射到人们身上，有时透过眼睛的窗户照彻心灵。它不仅直接影响人们的灵魂，它也可以间接的不声不响的影响着人们——通过血液。我们有一半人类明显地受月亮 运动的影响。有证据表明，不仅女人，而且男人的生理周期神秘的随着月亮的运动周期时起时落，我们的 精神世界也因此受到影响。时常有无缘无故的兴奋和莫名其妙的痛苦，欢笑和悔恨。这些情绪来去匆匆， 交替变换，就形成了我们的一般的心理特征。这主要是由血液和体液造成的。血液和体液除了遵从其它主 人之外，还听从变化无常的月亮的命令。通过眼睛或借助黑色的血液之渠直接触及灵魂，月亮就是一个神。 即使我们认为月亮只是一块石头，我们会发现其石性的背后隐藏着的是一位守护神。它是一个荒凉的 石体，没有空气，没有水源，预示着地球演变的结局。可能再过几百万年，当太阳日渐衰落，失去其孕育 万物的力量时，就会变成这样的石体。这篇文章很容易被拓展成“紫色的研究”，但是，我就此停笔。就让 每一位读者自己描绘适合自己口味的修辞吧。不管怎样有没有华美的辞藻去修饰，石头毕竟是石头。如果
长时冥思，你就会情不自禁地涌起几种强烈的情感，这些情感属于一两个对照互补的类型， 即人类的微不 足道或人类的至高无上。
您 所 查 看 的 帖 子 来 源 于 k a o ya n . co m 考 研 论 坛 转载请注明出自bbs.kaoyan.com,本贴地址:
http://bbs.kaoyan.com/t2485900p1
