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1 “IF YOU WANT TO GATHER HONEY, DON’T KICK OVER THE BEEHIVE” 1 “即使你不愿意获得蜂蜜，也不要踢翻蜂巢” On May 7, 1931, the mostsensational manhunt New York City had ever known had come to its climax. After weeksof search, “Two Gun” Crowley - the killer, the gunman who didn’t smoke or drink- was at bay, trapped in his sweetheart’s apartment on West End Avenue. 1931年5月7日，纽约有史以来最轰动的追捕行动达到了GC。在数周的搜查过后，双枪克劳利，那个不饮酒也不吸烟的杀人凶手，在他情人的海滩公寓里被捕。 One hundred and fifty policemenand detectives laid siege to his top-floor hideway. They chopped holes in theroof; they tried to smoke out Crowley, the “cop killer,” with teargas. Thenthey mounted their machine guns on surrounding buildings, and for more than an hourone of New York’s fine residential areas reverberated with the crack of pistolfire and the rut-tat-tat of machine guns. Crowley, crouching behind an over- stuffed chair, fired incessantly at the police. Ten thousand excitedpeople watched the battle. Nothing like it ever been seen before on thesidewalks of New York. 150名警察和侦探包围了他在顶层的藏身处。他们在房顶砍了个洞；试图用催泪瓦斯熏出克劳利这个杀害警察的凶手。警方在周围的建筑上安装好了机关枪，之后一个多小时的时间里，这个纽约上等的居民区内回荡着手枪的“啪啪”声和机关枪的“突突”声。克劳利，缩在一把被塞满了东西的椅子后面朝警察不停的开着枪。数以万计激动的人们在观赏着这场战斗。 When Crowley was captured, Police Commissioner E. P. Mulrooney declaredthat the two-gun desperado was one of the most dangerous criminals everencountered in the history of New York. “He will kill,” said the Commissioner,“at the drop of a feather.” 当克劳利被抓住的时候，警察局长宣布这个双枪恶徒是纽约史上最危险的恶徒之一，“他杀人就像扔掉一根羽毛一样轻松”。 But how did “Two Gun” Crowleyregard himself? We know, because while the police were firing into his apartment,he wrote a letter addressed “To whom it may concern,” And, as he wrote, theblood flowing from his wounds left a crimson trail on the paper. In this letterCrowley said: “Under my coat is a weary heart, but a kind one - one that woulddo nobody any harm.” 但是“双枪“克劳利如何看待自己呢？我们得知，当警察们正在把子弹射进他的公寓，他正在写信给有关人士，写的时候由于受伤，从伤口淌出的鲜血在信纸上留下了殷红的印记。他在信中写到：“在我的大衣之下是一颗虚弱的但是善良的心——一个绝不会伤害人的心。”
A short time before this,Crowley had been having a necking party with his girl friend on a country roadout on Long Island. Suddenly a policeman walked up to the car and said: “Let mesee your license.” 在这件事不久之前，在长岛的一条乡间小路上，克劳利正与他的女友**。一名警察突然出现在他的车前并说：“请出示你的证件。”Without saying a word, Crowleydrew his gun and cut the policeman down with a shower of lead. As the dying officerfell, Crowley leaped out of the car, grabbed the officer’s revolver, and firedanother bullet into the prostrate body. And that was the killer who said: “undermy coat is a weary heart, but a kind one - one that would do nobody any harm.’ 克劳利二话不说就掏出他的枪朝那名警察连开数枪致警察于死地。当那名生命垂危的警察倒下时，克劳利从他的车里跳了出来，拿起警官的手枪又朝尸体开了一枪。这就是这名杀人凶手说的：“在我的外表之下是一颗脆弱但是善良——不会给任何人造成伤害的心。”Crowley was sentenced to theelectric chair. When he arrived at the death house in Sing Sing, did he say,“This is what I get for killing people”? No, he said: “This is what I get fordefending myself.” 克劳利被判用电椅处以死刑。当他走进死囚牢房的时候说道，“这就是我杀人的代价么？不，这是我保护自己的代价。”The point of the story is this:“Two Guns” Crowley didn’t blame himself for anything. 这则故事是为了说明：“双枪”克劳利并没有为任何事感到愧疚。Is that an unusual attitudeamong criminals? If you think so, listen to this: 在罪犯中这是否是一个不寻常的态度呢？如果你是这么想的，请听这则故事：“I have spent the best years ofmy life giving people the lighter pleasures, helping them have a good time, andall I get is abuse, the existence of a hunted man.” “我用生命中最好的时光来给予人们快乐，帮助他们过得幸福，我所得到的却是虐待，成为了一个被到处追捕的人。”That’s Al Capone speaking. Yes,America’s most notorious Public Enemy- the most sinister gang leader who evershot up Chicago. Capone didn’t condemn himself. He actually regarded himself asa public benefactor – an unappreciated and misunderstood public benefactor. 这是艾尔卡彭说的。没错，那个美国最臭名昭著的全名公敌——横行在芝加哥一带的黑帮头子。卡彭并不责备自己。实际上，他把自己当做一个不被认可和误解的公共慈善家。And so did Dutch Schultz beforehe crumpled up under gangster bullets in Newark. Dutch Schultz, one of NewYork’s most notorious rats, said in a newspaper interview that he was a publicbenefactor. And he believed it. 这样说的还有舒尔茨，在诺华克被杀死前他都这样说。舒尔茨，纽约的最臭名昭著的罪犯之一，在一次报纸的采访中他说他是个社会的慈善家，并且他坚信这一点。
I have had some interesting correspondence with Lewis Lawes, who was warden of New York’s infamous Sing Sing prison for many years, on this subject, and he declared that “few of the criminals in Sing Sing regard themselves as bad men. They are just as human as you and I. So they rationalize, they explain. They can tell you why they had to crack a safe or be quick on the trigger finger. Most of them attempt by a form of reasoning, fallacious or logical, to justify their antisocial acts even to themselves, consequently stoutly maintaining that they should never have been imprisoned at all.”
我曾经与那所臭名昭著的辛辛监狱一名狱警路易斯劳斯有过数年的很有意思的书信往来。关于这个问题，他说辛辛监狱中的罪犯很少有承认自己是个坏人的。他们都是像你我一样的普通人。所以他们会找借口来解释犯罪的原因。这些罪犯会告诉你为什么他们一定要撬开那个保险柜或者开枪杀人。他们之中的大部分会试图以逻辑推理的方式，为他们的那些反社会的行为辩护。这种推理或者是谬论或者确实是有道理的。结果是，他们坚持认为自己绝不该被判入狱。
If Al Capone, “Two Gun” Crowley, Dutch Schultz, and the desperate men and women behind prison walls don’t blame themselves for anything - what about the people with whom you and I come in contact? 如果Al Capone, “Two Gun” Crowley, Dutch Schultz和所有那些监狱的高墙里面的绝望的男人和女人们都不认为自己是有什么罪过，那我们日常交往的人们又是怎样的呢？ John Wanamaker, founder of the stores that bear his name, once confessed: “I learned thirty years ago that it is foolish to scold. I have enough trouble overcoming my own limitations without fretting over the fact that God has not seen fit to distribute evenly the gift of intelligence.” 约翰瓦那梅加，是一家以他的名字命名的商店的创立者，他曾经坦诚道：“三十年前我就学会，咒骂是愚蠢的。克服自身的局限而不是去为上帝并没有均匀的分配天赋这一事实着急已经够麻烦的了。” Wanamaker learned this lesson early, but I personally had to blunder through this old world for a third of a century before it even began to dawn upon me that ninety-nine times out of a hundred, people don’t criticize themselves for anything, no matter how wrong it may be.
瓦那梅加很早就知道这些。但是就我自己而言，在我开始明白不管人们做的事情有多么的错误，100次中有99次人们是不会为任何事而批评自己的这个道理前，我花了30多年的时间在旧世界中艰难地前行。
Criticism is futile because it puts a person on the defensive and usually makes him strive to justify himself. Criticism is dangerous, because it wounds a person’s precious pride, hurts his sense of importance, and arouses resentment. 批评之词对于人们来说是很有用的，因为它让人为己辩护从而常常迫使他们证明了自己。批评之词又颇具危害，因为它伤害了人们珍贵的自尊，被重视的感觉并导致怨恨的产生。 B. F. Skinner, the world-famous psychologist, proved through his experiments that an animal rewarded for good behavior will learn much more rapidly and retain what it learns far more effectively than an animal punished for bad behavior. Later studies have shown that the same applies to humans. By criticizing, we do not make lasting changes and often incur resentment.
世界知名心理学专家斯科纳通过他的实验证明了当动物因正确的行为而受到表扬比因错误的行为而受到惩罚能更快的学习并有效保持。由于批评，我们不能维持持久的改变而且还可能产生怨恨。
Hans Selye, another great psychologist, said, “As much as we thirst for approval, we dread condemnation,” 另一个著名的心理学家汉斯雪莉说道，“我们就像盼望着认可一样惧怕着责骂。” The resentment that criticism engenders can demoralize employees, family members and friends, and still not correct the situation that has been condemned. 因批评产生的怨恨能让员工，家人和朋友们变得不讲理，且境况也并没有因责怪而得到纠正。 George B. Johnston of Enid, Oklahoma, is the safety coordinator for an engineering company, one of his re-sponsibilities is to see that employees wear their hard hats whenever they are on the job in the field. He reported that whenever he came across workers who were not wearing hard hats, he would tell them with a lot of authority of the regulation and that they must comply. As a result he would get sullen acceptance, and often after he left, the workers would remove the hats. 奥拉巴马的约翰斯顿是一家工程公司的安全协调员，他的一个职责就是监督工作中的任何一名员工都要佩戴他们的头盔。他只要一遇到未戴头盔的员工就要汇报。他会向他们讲一大堆关于规则的权威性和他们必须要遵守的大道理。结果换来的是人们对他的不满，并且等他一离开工人们就摘下帽子。 He decided to try a different approach. The next time he found some of the workers not wearing their hard hat, he asked if the hats were uncomfortable or did not fit properly. Then he reminded the men in a pleasant tone of voice that the hat was designed to protect them from injury and suggested that it always be worn on the job. The result was increased compliance with the regulation with no resentment or emotional upset.
他决定换一种方式。当他再次遇到一些工人未佩戴头盔的时候，他问他们是否是头盔不合适或者戴起来不舒适。然后他以一种温和的口气向工人们提醒，头盔是用来保护他们免于受伤的并阐明不戴头盔在工作中常常会受伤。结果是遵守规章的人变得多了，并且也未产生怨言或情绪上的不满。
You will find examples of thefutility of criticism bristling on a thousand pages of history, Take, forexample, the famous quarrel between Theodore Roosevelt and President Taft - aquarrel that split the Republican party, put Woodrow Wilson in the White House,and wrote bold, luminous lines across the First World War and altered the flowof history. Let’s review the facts quickly. When Theodore Roosevelt stepped outof the White House in 1908, he supported Taft, who was elected President. ThenTheodore Roosevelt went off to Africa to shoot lions. When he returned, heexploded. He denounced Taft for his conservatism, tried to secure thenomination for a third term himself, formed the Bull Moose party, and all butdemolished the G.O.P. In the election that followed, William Howard Taft andthe Republican party carried only two states - Vermont and Utah. The mostdisastrous defeat the party had ever known.
在历史的书卷中到处都写着批评没有用处的例子。拿西奥多罗斯福和塔夫特总统之间著名的争论作为例子。这场争论造成了共和党的分裂，把伍德罗威尔逊推进了白宫，使他在一战中书写了勇敢而光辉的一笔，甚至改变了历史的轨迹。让我们迅速回顾一下这个事件。当罗斯福在1908年离开白宫的时候，他是支持已被选为总统的塔夫特的。然后罗斯福跑到非洲去射猎狮子。当他回来的时候，事情就发生了。他公开谴责塔夫特的保守主义，谴责其为了保住自己第三次连任的提名而成立了卢牛党。这次选举几乎毁灭了共和党。塔夫特和他的共和党仅获得了两个州得支持——福蒙特州和犹他州。这是共和党史上最惨的一次失败。Theodore Roosevelt blamed Taft,but did President Taft blame himself? Of course not, With tears in his eyes,Taft said: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from what Ihave.”
罗斯福指责塔夫特，然而塔夫特总统也认为自己该受指责么？当然不。眼中噙满泪水的塔夫特说道：“我不知道应该怎么做才能和我已做的不同。”Who was to blame? Roosevelt orTaft? Frankly, I don’t know, and I don’t care. The point I am trying to make isthat all of Theodore Roosevelt’s criticism didn’t persuade Taft that he waswrong. It merely made Taft strive to justify himself and to reiterate withtears in his eyes: “I don’t see how I could have done any differently from whatI have.”
谁该被指责？罗斯福还是塔夫特？说实话我也不知道，而且我根本就不在乎。我要阐述的观点是罗斯福的所有批评之词并没有说服塔夫特。那仅仅使得塔夫特竭力证明自己不断地流着泪说：“我不知道应该怎么做才能和我已做的不同。 | 
发表于 2011-3-14 22:30
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