考研英语作文如何拿高分：结构

yll青睐啦 · 发表于 2019-10-21 15:21

通过研究历年考研真题可以发现，考研英语大作文基本上是3段结构。第一段描述图画，从图片描述的细节中推导出文章的主题。第二段揭示图画内涵，并对图画的内涵进行分析、论证。第三段总结全文，照应题目，点明主旨，深化中心。

接下来，我们仔细分析下每一段该怎么去写。今天的文章较长，建议大家先收藏再看~

❤首段方法

根据考研大作文的结构框架可知，大作文的首段主要就是描述图片，从图片描述的细节中推导出文章的主题。这种对图画进行描述，并给出自己理解的方法叫作现象阐释法。现象阐释法是考研大作文首段最常用的一种方法。描述图画并且由对图画的描写过渡到个人观点或者图画内涵的提出这两个部分至关重要。这两个部分常用的句式如下：

（一）描述图画

1. The cartoon vividly depicts .    这幅漫画生动地描述了。
2. As is described in the picture, . 如图中所描述的，。
3. As is vividly indicated in the above drawing/picture,  .
如上图生动地描述的那样，。
4. The drawing, thought-provoking as it is, does mirror a social phenomenon that .
这幅发人深省的图画的确反映了这样一个社会现象：。
5. In the cartoon presented to us,  . Obviously, what the cartoon  illustrates/reveals is .
在展现给我们的图片中，。显然，该图片说明/揭示的是。
6. As is symbolically depicted in the drawing above, . Although the drawing is designed simply, it does reveal that .
正如上图象征性地描绘的一样，。虽然该图很简单，它确实反映了。
7. As is vividly illustrated in the cartoon,  . The central point of this cartoon is that .
正如漫画中生动展示的，。该漫画的主旨是。
8. As the bar chart shows, the number of  has dramatically increased/decreased during the  years from  to .
如柱状图所示，的数量从年到年年之间急剧增加/减少。
9. From the graph, we know the statistics of  and . It can be seen easily that .
从图表中我们可知和的数据。我们可以很容易地看出。
10. From the bar chart, it is clear that between  and  the amount of  ranged from  to .
从柱状图中可以清楚地看到，从到，的数量在到之间变化。
11. As the bar chart shows, great changes concerning  took place between  and .
柱状图表明，从到，发生了很大的变化。
12. As can be seen in the graph, saw great changes in  between  and .
从图表可知，在到之间，发生了巨大变化。
13. Recently, the rise in the problem of has aroused public/wide concern.
近来，问题的增加已经引起了公众/广泛的关注。
14. Recently, the issue of has been brought into focus/brought to public attention.
近来，问题已经成为人们关注的焦点。
15. The problem of  has caused wide concern over recent years.
近年来，问题已经引起了广泛的关注。
16. With the rapid growth of , have/has become increasingly important in our daily life.
随着的快速增长，在我们的日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。
17. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to .
如今，人们越来越意识到的必要性。
18. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/be aware that .
如今，越来越多的人开始意识到。
19. After a good many years of enthusiasm for , people begin to .
热衷于多年之后，人们开始。
20. One of the burning/pressing problems facing/confronting our nation/society today is .
我们的国家/社会今天面临的紧迫问题之一是。
21. With  playing an increasingly important role in , more and more .
随着在中的作用日益重要，越来越多的。
22. Whenever you see/find , you can't help being shocked/surprised at .
每当看到/发现的时候，你会不禁为感到震惊/惊讶。
23. Undoubtedly this picture describes a scenario that .
毫无疑问，这幅图画描述了这样一个情景。
24. The drawing given above portrays a thought-provoking scene that .
上面的图画为我们展示了一个发人深省的场景。

（二）引出个人观点或图画内涵

1. This picture demonstrates one of the basic theories of philosophy: .
这幅图片展现了哲学的一个基本理论：。
2. Such a picture draws attention to the fact that .
这样一种画面吸引我们注意到这样的现实：。
3. The purpose of the drawing is to show us that .
这幅画是为了向我们展示。
4. The painter reminds us of a common social phenomenon: .
画的作者提醒我们注意一个普遍的社会现象：。
5. From the picture above we are informed that .
从上面这幅图片，我们可以得知。
6. It ironically depicts the common phenomenon that .
图片讽刺地描绘了一个普遍的社会现象：。
7. This drawing reflects a prevailing trend that .
这幅图片揭示了当今一个大趋势：。
8. What the above pictures intend to illustrate is that .
上面的图画意在说明。
9. The aim of the portrayal is to illustrate that . 这幅画旨在说明。
10. The drawing reveals a thought-provoking truth that .
这幅图画揭示了一个发人深省的道理。
11. Apparently, the painter wishes to draw our attention to the social phenomenon that .
显然，绘画者希望我们注意这样一个社会现象。
12. The simple but thought-provoking cartoon tends to highlight nothing but .
这幅简单却发人深省的漫画强调了。
13. The primary purpose of the drawings is to emphasize .
图画的主要目的是强调。

❤中间段方法

考研大作文的中间段又称主旨段，一般是揭示图画内涵，并对图画的内涵进行分析、论证。中间段首先要写好主题句。写主题句时，要注意以下两点：
①段落主题句的内容应丰满，切忌空洞。一个段落的信息容量是有限的，如果主题句限定的范围太笼统，其内容就难以在一个段落中阐述清楚。
例如：The relationship is depressing.看到这个话题，我们禁不住会问什么样的关系，沮丧到了何种程度，这都很难界定，让人无从下手。我们可以改写为：The relationship between parents and children is more depressing compared with decades ago.
②段落主题句应有展开的空间，不宜太具体。段落主题句限定范围太窄不利于段落的展开论述。
例如：Going to college, one can make friends.看到这个句子的时候，相信大部分考生会有句子已经把话说完的感觉。原因是这个主题句限定的范围太窄了。我们可以改成：Going to college, one can learn more and thus make more suitable friends.
写好主题句，接下来就是对主题句进行论证了。一般来讲，真正决定作文表达效果的还是中间段。为了紧扣题意，增强表达效果，中间段的写作可采用以下三种方法：因果论证法、对比法、举例法。

（一）因果论证法

因果论证法是给出一个论点，并从不同的几个方面分条列举原因或者可能的影响的方法。因果论证法常用的素材有：
引出原因
1. There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/are responsible for/can explain .
也许有一些因素造成/可以解释。
2. There are probably three/many/several/a variety of reasons for this dramatic/significant increase/decline in .
引起显著增长/下降的原因有三个/许多/几个/很多。
3. Some reasons can explain this trend. 一些原因可以解释这一趋势。
4. Why  ?为什么？
5. The causes of  are varied. They include , and perhaps the main cause is .
造成的原因有很多，包括,主要原因可能是。
6. The reason for this is not far to seek. 这一问题的原因不难发现。
7. It is no easy task to identify the reasons for this phenomenon which involves several complicated factors.
要找出这一现象的原因并非易事，因为它涉及若干复杂的因素。
8. There are numerous reasons why , and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. 的原因有很多，这里我只想探讨其中几个最重要的原因。
9. There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon, and the following are the typical ones.
导致这种现象的原因有很多，以下是其中比较有代表性的。
10. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I regard the following as the typical ones.
有很多原因可以解释该问题。就我而言，我认为以下原因比较典型。
11. A number of factors could account for/contribute to/lead to/result in the change of .
引起变化的因素有很多。
12. Any discussion about this problem would inevitably involve .
任何对此问题的讨论都不可避免地涉及。
13. One may attribute/ascribe the increase/decrease/change to .
人们可能将这一增长/下降/变化归因于。
14. We may blame/criticize for ,but the causes/roots of the problem/phenomenon/trend go much deeper.

我们或许会因为批评，但是这一问题/现象/趋势背后有着更深层次的原因。
分条列举原因

1. In the first place, . In the second place, .
首先，。其次，。
2. First, . Second,  . 首先，。其次，。
3. To begin with, . Secondly, . Last but not least, .
首先，。其次，。最后但并不是最不重要的，。
4. The first reason is that . The second one is . The third is .
第一个原因是。第二个原因是。第三个原因是。
5. First of all, . Secondly, . Furthermore, .
首先，。其次，。另外,。
6. For one thing, . For another, .
一方面,。另一方面，。
7. Firstly, . Secondly, . Thirdly, .
首先，。其次，。再次，。
8. Another reason why I disagree with the above statements is that I believe.
我不同意上述观点的另一个原因是我认为。

（二）对比法

对比法是通过正反两方面的比较来阐释主题的方法。中间段中对比法的运用一般是先揭示图片内涵，再从正反两方面论证图片的内涵。对比法常用的素材有：
1. The advantages gained in  outweigh/are much greater than the advantages we gain from . 从中获取的优势远远超过我们从中获取的。
2.  bear(s) a close/striking resemblance to .
与极为相似。
3. On the one hand, . On the other hand, .
一方面,。另一方面,。
4. Similarly/Likewise/In the same way, . 同样，。
5. Although  enjoy(s) a distinct advantage, .
尽管有明显优势，但是。
6. Many students like . Among them there are two different attitudes to . Some of them think that . Others, however, don't think so. They feel that .
许多学生喜欢。关于他们有两种不同的观点。有人认为。而另外一些则不赞同这种看法。他们认为。
7. Nothing/Few things can approach/equal/match . 没有什么能与相比。
8. Indeed,  carries more weight than  when  is concerned.
的确，就而言，的重要性要超过。
9. Serious as the problem may be, it pales in comparison with .
这个问题可能很严重，但与相比就微不足道了。
10. In comparison/contrast, . 比较而言/对比起来，。
11. Indeed/Certainly,  play(s) a more/less important role when compared with .
当然，与相比，的影响要大/小得多。
12. Despite the fact that most of them like , I would like to choose to .
尽管大多数人喜欢，我还是倾向于。
13. When the advantages and disadvantages are compared/weighed, the conclusion/finding is quite obvious/self-evident. 比较一下优缺点，结论就不言而喻了。
14. There is no consensus among people as to . Some people suggest that , while others argue that . I agree with the latter/former.
人们并未就达成一致意见。一些人建议，而另一些人则认为。我赞成后者/前者。
15. People differ greatly in their attitudes toward this problem. Some maintain that . Others, on the contrary, hold the opinion that . Personally, I stand on the side of .
人们对于这个问题的态度差异很大。有人认为。与此相反，另外一些人认为。就我个人而言，我站在这一边。
16. For most people today,  have/has become their main source of . But as for me,  should be regarded as a better source.
如今大多数人将作为的主要来源。但就我而言，应被看作一种更好的来源。
17. may be superior to , but it poses problems for those who .
可能比更好一些，但它会给那些的人带来问题。
18. Different people have different ideas about . Some people take it for granted that . On the contrary, some other people think .
关于的观点因人而异。有人想当然地认为。相反，其他人则认为。
19. This case has aroused echoes throughout the country with more and more people following its lead, but ideas about it vary widely. Those who oppose/object to/are against it argue/hold that , but people who advocate/support/are for it maintain/assert/claim that .
随着越来越多的人加入它的行列，这一事件已经在全国引起了巨大反响。然而，人们对此的观点却迥然不同。反对者认为，但支持者则宣称。
20. People differ in their opinions on . Some of them believe that , while others deem that .
人们对持有不同的看法。有些人认为,而有些人则认为。
21. Many surveys show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to realize that . Meanwhile, many people still live under the traditional idea that .
许多调查显示，越来越多的人开始意识到。同时，仍有许多人持传统观点，认为。

（三）举例法

举例法是指通过列举事例或具体细节使主题句的抽象含义具体化，进一步说明主题句所表达的思想的方法。举例法能增强说服力和条理性。引出例子常用的素材有：
1. From my everyday experience and observation I can list several examples that defend the statement that .
根据我的日常经验和观察，我可以举出几个例子来证明。
2.  There are many instances supporting my opinion. 有许多例子可以证明我的观点。
3.  Perhaps the most important example of  is .
有关的最重要的例子可能是。
4.  A case in point is . 一个恰当的例子是。
5.  Take  for example. 以为例。
6.  This is a concrete example concerning . 这是一个有关的具体例子。
7. Nothing could be more obvious/apparent than the evidence that .
再没有比更明显的例子了。
8. I can think of no better illustration of this idea than the example of .
要说明这个问题，是一个最好的例子。
9. The latest surveys conducted by  show/reveal/demonstrate/indicate that .
由开展的最新调查显示,。
10.  No one can deny the fact that .
没有人可以否认的事实。
11. Talking about , the first thing that may occur to you and me seems to be .
说到，我们首先想到的似乎就是。
12. A common example, which is frequently cited, is .
一个被普遍引用的例子是。
13. Instances of the same sort might be quoted easily, but this will be sufficient to show that .
类似的例子不胜枚举，但这一个就足以说明。
14.  History abounds with the example of . 历史上有许多方面的例子。
15. The following example best illustrates the idea that .
下面这个例子很好地说明了。
16. As one writer/scientist/psychologist wrote/commented/pointed out/noted, .
正如一位作家/科学家/心理学家所写/说/指出的，。
17.  It is a commonly accepted fact that . 是一个被普遍接受的事实。
18. This is a typical/striking/notable illustration/example of .
这是的典型例子。
19. To the already familiar examples/facts, a few more/a number of other examples/facts can be added.
除了这些已经熟悉的例子/事实，我们还可以举出其他的一些例子/事实。

❤末段方法

末段一般是总结全文，照应题目，点明主旨，深化中心。简洁、有力的末段可以为文章锦上添花。末段的写作可尝试使用以下四种方法：归纳总结法、名言引用法、提出建议法、预测展望法。

（一）归纳总结法

归纳总结法指的是以文章前面的论述为依据，引出或重申文章的中心思想或结论。归纳总结法常用素材有：
1. To sum up,  can benefit us tremendously if correctly used.
总而言之，如果运用得当，会让我们受益匪浅。
2. Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that .
因此，不难得出以下结论：。
3. Recognizing the fact that  will lead us to conclude that .
承认这一事实，我们能得出以下结论：。
4. The evidence upon all sides supports/confirms/leads to a conclusion that .
各方面的证据支持/表明/得出这样一个结论：。
5. From what has been discussed above/Based on the points discussed above, we can draw/arrive at the conclusion that .
综上所述，我们能得出如下结论：。
6. In summary/conclusion/a word, it is important that we should .
总之，我们应该，这一点很重要。

（二）名言引用法

名言引用法是指引用古今中外名人的名言警句来证明论点。名言引用法常用素材有：
1. The saying  has been widely accepted throughout the world.
名言在世界范围内被普遍接受。
2. “.” We are used to hearing such words like those.
“。”我们常常听到这样的说法。
3. “.” Such is the opinion of a great man. This remark has been confirmed time and time again by many historical events.
“。”这是一位伟大的人物的观点。该言论已经被许多历史事件反复验证。
4. As the proverb goes, . 正如谚语所说。
5. There is an English proverb which says that . 有一个英语谚语说，。
6. There is an old saying, “.” It is the experience of our forefathers, however, it is correct in many cases even today.
古语道：“。”这是前辈的经验，但在今天许多情况下也适用。

（三）提出建议法

提出建议法是指对所讨论的问题提出建设性的意见或者解决问题的具体方法。提出建议法常用素材有：
1. It is time to hear the warnings of some economists.
该是听听一些经济学家的警告的时候了。
2. It is time that we put/urged an immediate end to the undesirable situation/tendency of .
该是结束这种讨厌的情况/趋势的时候了。
3. Therefore, in order to , effective means should be taken to .
所以，为了，必须采取有效措施来。
4.  It is high time that . Here are some of the things that might be taken up immediately.
该是的时候了。这里有几项措施可以立即着手执行。
5. It is suggested that the government should make efforts to .
人们建议政府应该做出努力去。
6. In short/In any case, we should/ought to/must .
总之/无论如何，我们应该/必须。
7. Awareness of the seriousness of the problem is the first step toward the solution.
意识到这个问题的严重性是解决问题的第一步。

（四）预测展望法

预测展望法是指预测某一现象的发展趋势或某一措施的深远影响。预测展望法常用素材有：
1. The significance of  cannot be overvalued. 的意义重大。
2. What will happen to ? Nobody really knows. But one thing is certain: .
会发生什么事情？没有人确切知道。但有一件事可以肯定：。
3. Following these suggestions may not guarantee success, but the payoff might be worth the effort. It will not only benefit  but also benefit .
也许这些建议并不能保证取得成功，但是值得一试。它不但会造福，而且也会使受益。
4. To reverse the trend is not a light task. It requires a good awareness of .
要想扭转这一趋势并非易事。这需要充分意识到。
5. People are coming to realize the importance of . Some have begun to try their best to . We believe that .
人们开始意识到的重要性。许多人已经开始竭力。我们相信。
6. It is clear/obvious/evident/apparent that . Therefore, the task of  requires/demands/involves .
很显然，。因此，要完成的任务必须。
7. With the improvement of ,  will prove to hold great superior over .
随着的改善，将证明比更具优越性。
8.  There is a growing tendency for people these days to , which I believe will not change in a short time.
现在，人们的趋势正在增加，而且我认为短时间内这种趋势不会改变。
9. If everyone is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
如果人人都愿意为社会做出贡献，社会将变得越来越美好。
10. Whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .
不管它的作用是积极的还是消极的，可以肯定的是它必将。
11. Whatever you do, please remember the old saying . If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you'll necessarily benefit a lot from it.
不管你做什么，请记住这句老话：。如果你懂得它的意思，并将其应用到学习或工作中，你定将受益匪浅。
12. The influence of  is not confined to . It also .
***的影响不仅局限于。它还***。

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