南京师范大学学科英语语言学知识总结

冯梦晴

南京师范大学学科英语考研专业课二的书目是戴炜栋《新编简明英语语言学教程》我搭配的汉语版的也是戴炜栋编写的，南师专业课二语言学考试题目一般有名词解释（定义）、画树状图，简答题（语言学大佬的理论）等等，话不多说，直接上点干货，一些重要名词的解释也就是定义，和一些必考的语言学大佬的理论，希望对小学弟小学妹有所帮助喔
语言学
一、linguistics语言学
定义:linguistics is the scientific study of language.
语言学研究分支
general linguistics普通语言学
1.phonetics语音学
2.phonology音位学
3.morphology形态学
4.syntax句法学
5.semantics语义学
6.pragmatics语用学
applied linguistics应用语言学
sociolinguistics社会语言学
psycholinguistics心理语言学
二、
descriptive 描述型&prescriptive规定性
synchronic共时性&diachronic历时性
speech言语&writing文字
langue语言&parole言语
三、语言的识别特征
1.arbitrariness任意性
定义:there is no logical connection between sounds and meaning,i.e.between the linguistic symbol and what the symbol stands for
2.productivity能产性
定义:novel utterances are continually being crated. it refers to the ability that the users of languages in making and comprehending indefinitely large number of sentence including those that they have never heard before.
3.displacement移位性
定义:language can be used to refer to things, which are present or not present, real or not real, and about the matters in the past, present or future, or in far-away places, i.e.language can be used to refer to the context removed from the immediate situation of speakers.
4.duality双重性
定义:language is a system consisting of two levels:
lower lever---a structure of sounds
higher lever---a structure of meaning such as morpheme and words
5.cultural transmission文化传承性
定义:language is culturally transmitted, i.e. language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than by instinct.
形态学
一、morpheme词素
定义:a) the basic unit in the study of morphology: words are composed of morphemes (one morpheme or more morphemes)
b) the minimal meaningful grammatical unit of language, i.e. the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.
c) a morpheme is neither a meaning nor a stretch of sound, but a meaning and a stretch of sound joined together.
二、free morphemes自由语素&bound morphemes黏着语素
自由语素定义:free morphemes is one that can constitute a word by itself; it is an independent unit of meaning. e.g.bed, tree, sing, dance, etc are all free morphemes; the word bookstore consists of two free morphemes: book and store.
黏着语素定义:bound morpheme is one that cannot occur on its own as a separated word. it must be attached to another one to form word, such as \"-s\" in dogs, \"al\" in national, \"dis-\" in disclose, \"ed\" in recorded, etc.

来自Android客户端

wendy7991

你好 树状图是怎么练习准备呢？书上的知识点都太旧了有些新的理论可以用吗

来自iPhone客户端