【英语冲刺】搞定11个长难句高频常考句型！

考研帮 · 发表于 2018-11-12 16:52

“得阅读者的天下”，而“得长难句者得阅读”。大家都知道阅读题型当中的细节题占到了所有题目中半数以上，而细节题就是考查对原文中长难句的理解。其实，对十几年真题分析，命题人对长难句的考查是有规律可循的，下面就是总结出来的长难句高频常考句型，希望广大考生未雨绸缪，早作准备。

❤Top 1 复合句型-状语从句
一、理论常识
状语从句，属于副词性从句，简单说就是从句在句子中担任状语，分为时间、目的、地点、条件、方式、让步、比较、结果、原因9种状语从句。
时间引导词：when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment等
地点引导词：where , wherever等
原因引导词：because , since=now that , as等
条件引导词：if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等
结果引导词：so / such ... that , so等
目的引导词：in order that , so that等
让步引导词：though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as （倒装）等
方式引导词：as , as if等
比较引导词:than , as ... as , the more ... , the more ... 等

二、真题举例
例句1：While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development .
【重点词汇解析】transmit，vt. 传输、传播 vi. 传输、发射信号；（in）formal，adj. （非）正式的
【参考翻译】尽管正式的学习过程是由挑选出来担当此角色的教师来进行的，非正式的学习过程却是作为孩子成长的自然一部分而完成的。
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例句2：While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others , and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .
【重点词汇解析】territory，n. 领土、版图；expense，n. 代价、损失 vt. 向……收取费用；inevitable，adj. 不可避免的
【参考翻译】虽然这种竞争会引发以他人利益为代价的领土扩张行动，因此也会引发冲突，但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可避免，尽管竞争是不可避免的。
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例句3： While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed , this need not always be the case .
【重点词汇解析】favor，vt. 喜欢、赞成 n. 喜爱
【参考翻译】尽管迄今为止互联网似乎更加青睐国际社会中的发达领域，而非不太发达的领域，情形并不总是如此。

❤Top 2 复合句型-定语从句
一、理论常识
在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。
结构：先行词＋关系词（分为关系副词和关系代词）＋从句
关系代词（that , who , which , whose , as)
关系副词(when , where , why , how)
定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制定语从句，限定从直接放在先行词后，非限定从与先行词之间要加逗号。

二、真题举例
例句1：The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .
【重点词汇解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物；silt，n. 淤泥 v. （使）淤塞
【参考翻译】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水侵袭，但是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---这一切换来的却是一个巨大的病态的水库，这个水库积满了淤泥，以至于几乎不能发电了。
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例句2：The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)
【重点词汇解析】empirical，adj. 经验主义的；result from 由……造成；cognitive，adj. 认知的
【参考翻译】第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。
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例句3：His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006,47)
【重点词汇解析】analogous，adj. 类似的；reveal，vt. 揭露；reason，n. 理由 v. 推论
【参考翻译】他的职责类似于法官的职责，后者必须承担起这样的责任：用尽可能明显的方式来揭示让他做出决定的推理过程。

❤Top 3 复合句型-同位语从句
一、理论常识
同位语从句是对其前面的抽象名词（例如：idea , insistence , instruction , order , plan , proposal等）进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。同位语从句的结构一定是先行词加引导词加上从句的构成，that并不是唯一可以引导同位语从句的引导词，whether , why , who . 从句一定要具有完整的句子结构，主谓宾都必须齐全，引导词不充当任何成分。
常见先行词：
belief , fact , hope , idea , doubt , news , rumor , conclusion , evidence ,suggestion , problem , order , answer , decision , discovery , explanation , information , knowledge , law , opinion , truth , promise , report , thought , statement , rule , possibility .

二、真题举例
例句1：Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them . (2010,46)
【重点词汇解析】distinctly，adv. 明显地；eat up 吃光、耗尽
【参考翻译】科学家急忙用一些明显站不住脚的证据去营救，证据内容是如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的话，他们会把我们吃光。
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例句2：But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the media . (2007,48)
【重点词汇解析】profoundly，adv. 深刻地；rest on 依靠、信赖
【参考翻译】但是新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻的理解法律，这种观点基/依赖于新闻媒体对惯例和特殊责任的理解。
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例句3：Generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states , large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws .
【重点词汇解析】sovereign，n. 君主、独立国 adj. 有主权的；viable，adj. 可行的；integrate，v. （使……）成整体 adj. 整合的
【参考翻译】他们普遍认为新生的国家是拥有主权和完全独立的国家，大到经济上可运行良好，并由一套共同法律让各个新的独立国家联合起来。

❤Top 4 并列句型
一、理论常识
由并列连词连接、含有两个或更多主谓结构的句子叫并列句。
表示转折对比关系的并列连词
1. but
2. yet 但是；尽管如此
3. while 而，但是，可是，却
表示因果关系的并列连词
1. for 因为
2. so 因此
表示选择关系的连词or
表示并列关系的并列连词
1. and 和，同，与，又，并且
2. not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且
3. neither ... nor ... 既不……也不
4. both ... and ... 既……又
其他并列连词
1. not ... but ... 不是……而是
2. rather than 而不是；与其……宁愿
3. when 正当那时，相当于and at that time

二、真题举例
例句1：In the American economy , the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights , including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual .
【重点词汇解析】embrace，v. 拥抱、包含 n. 拥抱；productive，adj. 生产（性）的；contract，n. 合同 v. 订约
【参考翻译】在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体自由签定合同的权利。
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例句2：In addition , the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation .
【重点词汇解析】estimate，vi. 估计、估价 vt. 估计、评价 n. 估计、判断；patent，n. 专利权 vt. 授予专利
【参考翻译】另外，有的公司用来鉴定关系的计算机程序或许已经申请了专利保护，并不接受同行评审或外界的评估。

❤Top 5 倒装句型
一、理论常识
倒装句的几种形式
1. 以here , there ,then , now , next引出的倒装句。
Here comes the special guest of the party .
There seem to be many beautiful girls in the university .
2. 以表地点的介词短语引出的倒装句。
At the school gate stood an old woman .
Under the tree are sitting some students .
On the bed lay a big teddy bear .
注意：主语为代词是不用倒装。
3. 以表示方位的副词引出的倒装句。
Off went the horse .
Down fell a dozen apples .
4. 否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首。
Never have I seen such a good teacher .
Not a moment did he waste on campus .
By no means should she be left alone .
Under no circumstances will I believe you .
5. only置于句首。
Only in this way can we make a difference .
6. as / though引导让步状语从句。
Rich as he is , he spends a cent on charity .
Try as / though he does , he never seems able to get a high score in the exams .
7. 在虚拟条件句中，连词if省略时，即将were , had , should等词提到句首。
Were I you , I would take this chance .
Should he come tomorrow , he would help us to settle the problem .

二、真题举例
Odd though it sounds , cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics , and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
【重点词汇解析】plausible，adj. 貌似可信的；consequence，n. 结果、推论；astrophysicist，n. 天体物理学家
【参考翻译】尽管它听起来很奇怪，宇宙膨胀说是在基础粒子物理学中的一些公认的观点在科学上貌似可信的推论，并且很多天体物理学家在近十年中已经相信这种理论是真实的。

❤Top 6 插入句型结构
一、理论常识
插入结构表示说话人的态度和看法，解释或者说明整个句子，去掉之后句子仍然完整。插入结构的成分可以是副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语或者主谓结构。在这就不一一论述了。但值得注意的是插入语的翻译，有些插入语，尤其是位于句首的插入语，可保持原文中的词序。然而，在许多情况下，需要对英语原文句子的顺序作必要的调整，使译文符合汉语习惯。

二、真题举例
But , for a small group of students , professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills , all other factors being equal , can be the difference between having a job and not .
【参考翻译】但是，对一小部分学生来说，专业训练也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

❤Top 7 强调句型结构
一、理论常识
强调主要有两种形式：
1. 强调谓语
Eg1 ： I love you . —> I do love you . —> I did love you .
Eg2 ： Cell phone / Internet / computer brings us convenience .
—> Cell phone / Internet / computer does bring us convenience .
2. 强调句式：It is / was + 被强调成分 +that / who + 句子其他成分。
【步骤】
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分（除谓语和补语外）两边添加it is / was 和that / who，其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is / was ... that / who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1 ： My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study .
—> It is my mother who / that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study .
—> It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart .

二、真题举例
Thus , in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it .
【重点词汇解析】couple with 与……相结合；maximize，v. 取……最大值、达到最大值
【参考翻译】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

❤Top 8 否定句型结构
一、理论常识
1. 部分否定
Not both of them are my brothers .
Both of them are not my brothers .
All is not gold that glitters .
2. 双重否定
双重否定分为三种：
肯定型：There are no roses without thorns .
强调型：I just can’t do nothing .
委婉型：I can’t hardly read your hand writing .
3. 几乎否定
She is barely right .
I seldom got any sleep last night .
Few people can understand why he did it .

二、真题举例
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry .
【重点词汇解析】methodology，n. 方法论；refer to 参考、涉及、指的是； branch，n. 分支 v. 分支、出现分歧
【参考翻译】所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

❤Top 9 比较句型结构
一、理论常识
比较结构
1. no/not ... other than
2. the 比较级……，the 比较级……
3. rather ... than ...
4. more than / no more than
5. less than / no less than
6. more A than B / no more A than B
7. less A than B / no less A than B
8. nothing else than
10. as much as
11. not as ... as ...
12. not so much ... as ...

二、真题举例
They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries , but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment . (2006,50)
【重点词汇解析】reflection，n. 反射、沉思；involve，n. 涉及、包含
【参考翻译】他们可能擅长教书，而且不仅仅专注于赚钱，但是这些人大部分对涉及人类道德判断的问题很少或没有进行独立的思考。

❤Top 10 省略句型结构
一、真题举例
However , it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough . (05,完型)
【重点词汇解析】insensitive，adj. 感觉迟钝的；expose，vt. 使曝光、揭露、显示
【参考翻译】然而我们却发现，即使某些人开始时对某种气味不敏感，如果经常接触这种气味，也会对它敏感起来。

❤Top 11 经典文章及长难句挑选
一、经典文章及长难句挑选
前十部分中已经论述了各大重点高考频句型，接下来第二部分考研帮学堂的老师为2018广大考生从真题阅读理解部分中精心挑选出了16篇经典文章（挑选标准：题材常考、结构严谨、语言表达值得借鉴），建议大家做到三件事：1. 翻译全文；2. 背诵全文；3. 默写全文。
另外，帮帮还为时间紧张的小朋友精心挑选出每篇文章中的经典句子，来不及翻译全篇就翻译这些句子吧，再背下来，默写，这种学习方法已经得到无数学哥学姐的验证，相信：你做到就会得到。

【2006年 Text2】
1.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
译文：另一方是当地居民，他们在很大程度上依赖那些“来此不是为了看戏，而是为了看安妮•海瑟薇（注：莎士比亚的妻子）小屋、莎士比亚出生地以及其他景点”的观光客生活。
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2.It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
译文：当你想到养活他们的莎士比亚本人就是个（留着胡须的）演员而且噪音制造也有他一份时，这真是绝妙的讽刺。
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3.Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
译文：希尔顿集团正在那里建造自己的酒店，你几乎可以肯定它会配备哈姆雷特汉堡吧、李尔休息室、班柯宴会包间等，而且会非常奢华。
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4.They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
译文：虽然他们来自世界各地，但是看起来却都很相像——身材消瘦，棱角分明，表情专注，穿着牛仔裤和凉鞋，啃着圆面包，躺在剧院外的石板上过夜，等着在上午十点半售票处开门时购买预留给露宿者的20张坐票和80张站票。

【2006年 Text3】
1.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.
译文：这就意味着更高比例的海洋生物正在被捕捞，因此现在和过去之间的真正差异很可能比捕获量变化所显示出的差异更大。
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2.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
译文：有些鱼只之所以没有被捕捉，是因为没有可利用的带饵鱼钩来诱捕它们，导致了对过去鱼类资源量的低估。
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3.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.
译文：而这很重要，因为理论认为当目标物种的生物量大约为其原始水平的50%时，从渔场中能够获得最大持续渔获量。

【2007年 Text2】
1.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?
译文：那么莎凡能巧妙应对（智商为100的）普通人提出的诸如“爱和喜欢有何区别”或“运气和巧合的本质是什么”这类问题，这有点令人费解。
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2.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
译文：想象物体（形状）和破解数值模式的能力如何使人能够解答那些难倒一些最优秀诗人和哲学家的问题，这一点很难理解。
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3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
译文：任何熬过“学术能力评估测试（SAT）”的人都可以证明，应试技巧也很重要，无论是知道何时应该测试或是（知道）何题应该跳过。

【2007年 Text4】
1.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them - especially in America - the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity.
译文：正当老板、董事会们总算解决了最为棘手的财务和合规问题，并且改善了薄弱的公司治理之际，一个新的问题又可能为他们惹来——尤其是在美国——那种不可避免地使管理层受重罚的负面头条，这个问题就是：数据不安全。
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2.Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore - and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
译文：无疑的是，即使最愚笨的管理人员也应该会清楚地知道：信任，也即经济资产中最具价值的东西，很容易遭到破坏而修复起来代价高昂；没有什么事情比企业任由个人敏感信息落入别有用心的人手中更能破坏信任的了。
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3.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.
译文：与此同时，美国6月17日披露的一起涉及大约4000万信用卡账户的信息失窃案，又使得美国联邦贸易委员会头一天（16日）做出的一项极为重大的决议——该决议警告美国商界，如果公司不能充分保障数据的安全，那么监管机构就会采取措施——颜面尽失。

【2009年 Text3】
1.Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
译文：毫无疑问，这两个领域的进步对于这些贫困国家以及所有其他国家的社会、政治以及智力的发展而言都是必不可少的；然而，“为促进贫困国家经济快速发展，教育应该被放在最优先考虑的位置”这一传统观点却是错的。
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2.We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations.
译文：我们很庆幸这种观点是错的，因为在这些国家建立新的教育体制，随后让足够多的人接受教育以提高经济表现，将需要两三代的时间。
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3.More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English- speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work.
译文：更近些时候，研究者在调查房屋建筑时发现，尽管建筑业的工作很复杂，但是德克萨斯州休斯顿市那些不识字、不会说英语的墨西哥工人却始终能达到劳动生产率的最佳实践标准。

【2010年 Text2】
1.In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents.
译文：在一次令知识产权律师们议论纷纷的举措中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院宣称，它将利用一起特殊案件对商业方法专利开展广泛复审。
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2.Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets.
译文：对商业方法专利申请的限制会是一次戏剧性的180度大转变，因为正是联邦巡回法院自身在1998年被称为“道富银行案”的裁决中引入了此类专利，批准了一项共同基金资产筹集方法的专利。
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3.That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions.
译文：那个裁决导致了商业方法专利申请卷宗的激增，起初是新兴网络公司试图对特定类型的在线交易占得专有权。
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4.The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is weather it should” reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.
译文：联邦巡回法院发布了一项不同寻常的法令，宣称此案将由该法院全部12位法官听审，而不是典型的三人组听审，并且宣称法院想要评估一个问题，即，是否需要“重新审议”对道富银行案的裁决。

【2010年 Text3】
1.Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them.
译文：营销人员已经接纳了这一“两级流动理论”，因为该理论认为，他们只需找到有影响力人士，并对其施加影响，那么这些精挑细选出来的有影响力人士就可以为他们做大部分工作。
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2.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.
译文：而根据两级流动理论，恰恰是这些不是名人但具有影响力的人，通过直接影响他们的朋友和同事，推动了社会流行潮。
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3.For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.
译文：但是，一种社会流行潮要最终形成，每个受到有影响力人士影响的人都必须接着影响自己的熟人，继而这些熟人又必须再影响他们的熟人，并依次影响下去；这些人中的每个人能得到多少人关注与最初的有影响力人士并无多大关系。

【2012年 Text3】
1.In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.
译文：在理想化的科学研究中，有关这个世界的真相等待着运用科学方法开展研究的客观的研究者们去观察和收集。
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2.Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.
译文：在科学界这个复杂的社会结构中，研究者做出发现；编辑和评审者通过控制发现的发表过程来扮演看门人的角色；其他科学家则使用这一新发现来满足自己的需要；最后，公众（包括其他科学家）接受这个新发现以及可能随之而来的技术。
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3.As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
译文：在发现声明通过科学界的逐级审查之时，与该科技相容或相抗的理念间的相互作用、相互对抗把个人的研究发现转变成科学界的可信发现。
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4.Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.
译文：（如此一来）貌似重要且令人信服的新发表的发现声明和可信发现总是面对后来研究者的质疑、修改、甚至推翻，便不足为奇了。

【2013年 Text2】
1.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
译文：在过去几个星期里，一场争论表明了这些精准信息对于广告商的价值：广告商应该假定用户乐于被追踪并收到广告吗？还是应该获取用户的明确许可？
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2.DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favorably with Google's on that count before.
译文：“禁止追踪”看来也不是Windows 8的明显巨大卖点——尽管此前微软在这方面将旗下的其他一些产品与谷歌进行比较，优势明显。

【2014年 Text4】
1.The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.
译文：美国人文与科学院（AAAS）刚刚发布的报告《问题的核心》值得表扬，因为它肯定了人文与社会科学对美国自由民主体制的繁荣和安全的重要性。
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2.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”
译文：2010年，国会重要民主党人和共和党人向美国人文与科学院致信，要求其界定出能够被“联邦、州、地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、私人捐助者等”采取的行动，以“维护国家在人文与社会科学研究及教育领域的卓越地位”。
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3.To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.
译文：为了鼓励创新和竞争，报告呼吁加大科研投资，精心制定连贯课程以提高学生在21世纪解决问题以及有效沟通的能力；增加对老师的资助，并鼓励学者应用他们的学识来应对当今的巨大挑战。

【2015年 Text2】
1.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.
译文：加利福尼亚州已请求法官们不要作出一刀切裁决，尤其是“推翻‘执法当局在逮捕时可搜查嫌疑犯财物’这一旧有假定”的一刀切裁决。
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2.They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant.
译文：在面临严峻、紧急情况之时，他们还可以悬置第四修正案的保护条例；在等待搜查令之时，他们也可以采取适当的措施以保证手机数据不被删除或更改。

【2015年 Text4】
1.This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.
译文：她认为，这种同样的道德目的缺失正在伤及诸如新闻国际这样的公司，使它更可能如同曾经的大规模非法电话窃听一样误入歧途。
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2.One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived.
译文：其中揭露的惊人真相之一是丽贝卡•布鲁克斯对于其新闻编辑室中所发生的事情知晓的有多么少，她曾想到要设法过问的事情又有多么少，甚至于她从来都没有询问过这些新闻报道到底是怎么来的。

【2016年 Text1】
1.It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape -measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
译文：它责令时尚业必须对其发送给女性，尤其是十几岁的少女的信号负责，这些信号是她们必须用来衡量自身个人价值的社会尺度。
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2.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.
译文：新修订的《丹麦时尚道德宪章》明确声明：“我们知晓并为时尚业对身材典范的影响，尤其是对年轻人的影响负责。”宪章的主要强制手段为，拒绝设计师和模特经纪公司参加丹麦时装协会举办的哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。

【2016年 Text4】
1.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper - printing presses, delivery trucks - isn't just expensive; it's excessive at a time when online - only competitors don't have the same set of financial constraints.
译文：需要制作实体报纸的基础结构——印刷机、运货车——不光是贵；在一个只做线上内容的竞争对手们不存在同样一系列财务约束的年代，这一结构的代价过高。
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2."But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market changes and the world changes.
译文：“不过如果在市场发生变化，世界改变的情况下，我们做事不明智的话，我们也会遇到相同的问题。在那种情况下，多些冲劲儿比少些更好。”

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