阅读2017年英文阅读讲解

GeneTell

First two hours, now three hours-this is how far in advanceauthorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, atleast at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.

Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming securityprocedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight804, whichterrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragicreminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing toolittle security in return undermines public support for the process. And itshould: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not tomention infuriating.

Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA)found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneakweapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried.  Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'HareInternational.  It is not yet clearhow much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.

Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate thesteep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get newscreeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so muchroom for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying tooverpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlinesstrongly dispute this.

There is one step the TSA could take that would not requireremodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheckprogram. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screeninglanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.

It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason issticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process theirbackground checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck'sfatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheckenrollment or to cut costs in other ways.

The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underusedPreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.

阅读如果在左手边做一个行数的话会很方便读者，但打出来可能会因为文字处理的数量不同而变得乱七八糟，只好用‘小段’‘句’来处理，如果真的看不懂可以问问题，我会很乐意回答。

举例：这篇文章共7小段。第1小段第1句是“First two…”;第7小段第1句是“The TSA cannot…”。

其实我很喜欢阅读题，比较好分析，分数又高，错过了可惜。文章不用全部读完，单字也不用全部知道，能感受到作者的走向就可以得高分，又有点像侦探破谜题。

我们开始吧。

21. the crash of Egypt AirFlight 804 is mentioned to

  [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.

  [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.

  [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.

  [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.

这种题目是大海捞针形，只要找到Egypt Air Flight804，然后看它前后句就能知道答案。对应到第2小段第2句。那么，804班机provides another reason of why。 another是另一个的意思，表示这是第二个理由了，那我们到前一句去找：美国人愿意乖乖等机场安检因为能保障他们飞行安全。in return for／of是交换，不管有形无形；time in return for flight safety：时间和安全都是无形的。 为了安全只好忍了，要不然Flight804被劫机然后空难的下场在他们乘坐的班机重现就惨了。忍：tolerate（动词）；忍耐力，tolerance（名词），所以c）是正确答案。a）stress可以是压力的意思，可是这里是强调的意思。

22. Which of the followingcontributions to long waits at major airport?

  [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.

  [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.

  [C] An increase in the number of travelers.

  [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.

也是大海捞针题，但我们虽然没有头绪也不要无头无脑，既然问题都在问long waits，花长时间等待，这种解释的段落不可能在第1小段：opening paragraph；然后第2小段上一题基本看完了，是在说忍受安检的理由，自然不在这里。我们从第3小段开始找，最后一句“-but the lines are obvious.”。long waits就是在排队等待，排‘队’美式英文是line，英式英文是queue；‘排队’或‘排好队’是get in line／queue；‘插队’是cut the line／queue。第3小段最后一句说“不过，后果就是大牌长龙。”，我们知道下一段，第4小段，就是这题的答案所在。第1句…steep increase in airline travel；steep是很陡，坡度增加很快，steep increase是暴增。什么暴增了，不是旅行的travelers就是货物。选项中只有c）符合。至于a）carry-onbags的确在第4小段中有提到：“Another factor…overpack carry-onbags…”,carry-on是随身小包／背包，但并没有对它设定restrictions，而是travelers怕托运行李过重被罚钱而把里面的东西塞到，over-pack，随身小包里；所以a）是错的。

23.The word"expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to

  [A] faster.

  [B] quieter.

  [C] wider.

  [D] cheaper.

找同义词。第5小段：‘Thereis one step the TSA…’第2句有个关键词：win-win；win说了两遍所以是双赢。旅客不用排队，机场不用担心有人炸飞机；双赢！结果就是一个有条件的‘expedited’ screening lanes，身份背景符合的旅客能排这个队；这样非isis怀疑对象的旅客能由这条队伍快速通过安检，而isis怀疑对象能排人数相对减少的原来安检队伍通关。每个人都同等安全的情况下比较快能进候机区，faster！答案只有a）。

24. One problem with thePreCheck program is

  [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.

  [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.

  [C] The government's reluctance to back it.

  [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.

呈上一题第5小段介绍了PreCheckprogram是什么，也说明了好处，聪明的你猜第6小段要说什么？不是继续说它的好处就是说它的坏处,it’s problem。第5小段第1句结尾，sticker shock，如果知道是什么就可以直接选出答案，不知道的话我们找下一个提示，第3句‘…thisprice tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw.’,fatal是致命的，flaw是瑕疵，fatal flaw是要命的弱点；是一个problem吧？而跟主词price tag相关的就是d）unreasonable price，天价。Stickershock是当你在某名牌实体店看到喜欢物件，摆弄的爱不释手的时候，突然手贱拿起它的price tag，标价牌，然后抽了一口凉气的恐慌状态，shock。

25. Which of the followingwould be the best title for the text?

  [A] Less Screening for More Safety

  [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution

  [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines

  [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes

Best title就是要帮作者些个标题你会怎么写。能自问作者为什么要写这一小段，这样自然能找出作者的意图。第1小段：美国大机场的常见现象，第2小段：为什么会发生-旅客角度，第3小段：为什么会发生-机场安检角度，第4段：作者分析原因，第5小段：作者的解决方案-PreCheck program，第6小段：作者解决方案的问题，第7小段：作者的呼吁。a）作者在第2小段反驳掉了：美国人愿意用时间换取安全，b）在第7小段可见作者要机场安检重视precheck program，c）假如没有第5，6，7小段，这的确是答案，d）在第7小段确实出现过，但如果作者用这为标题，必须列举更多precheck program不好的理由和例子。所以，答案是b），be-late是迟到，缓缓而来；想成 Don’t BE LATE for your test,考试日不要睡过头哦！

希望对准备考试的你有帮助。

帐号已存在1

楼主这是哪个的真题，我买的真题跟你不一样，好几个选项顺序不一样，还有一个答案都不一样，简直了。。。。。

来自Android客户端

GeneTell

帐号已存在1 发表于 2017-11-15 19:05
楼主这是哪个的真题，我买的真题跟你不一样，好几个选项顺序不一样，还有一个答案都不一样，简直了。。。。 ...

2017年英文（I）阅读Text 1 和 2。
答案有错也不会没有一个一样吧。毕竟Toefl和雅思都是超高分《－ 这种说法不好；又没说服力。举出例子答案不同的地方好吗，大家分析分析。

GeneTell

无论如何，还是很感谢反馈，表示有人看。没有什么比这更高兴了。
再次说明出处：百毒上找到自由资源：全国考研历年真题：英文（一）section II。Section I在其他帖上，如果觉得好用可以前往参考。
自己整理找出答案的说明和技巧。每日更新。

GeneTell

Text 3
1        Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
2        The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?
3        A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.  Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.  Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
4        While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline.  Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.
5        This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.
6        So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough.  It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
7        The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.  But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.

31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he
   [A]praised the UK for its GDP.
   [B]identified GDP with happiness.
   [C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.
   [D]had a low opinion of GDP.
解读句子题型。第1小段开头就是题目要找的Robert F Kennedy，cited是作者借用他人说过的话，所以我们要解读Kennedy说了什么名言。“GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”我们知道中国最近一直在拼GDP，低于7％以后就从此不再摇旗打鼓；假如光看‘GDP measures everything’，GDP代表国家繁荣，人民快乐，那的确没翻错，但是句子还没完。后面的except把意思反转了，不要被that which搞混，直接看后面是正面还是负面词义：make life worthwhile,让人生有价值的事物，是正面词，在下面画条线上面放给＋，回到那句名言：GDP是除了＋（好事）之外的所有东西；虽然有点蹩脚，但听的出来Kennedy不觉得GDP有多重要。看选项：a）praise，赞美，＋，不符合Kennedy的观点。b）with happiness，开心的，＋，不对。c）misinterpreted，错误理解，－，这可以是作家对Kennedy的意见，但不是Kennedy的本意，所以错。d）low opinion，不看好，－，也符合翻译。比较好的翻译：‘GDP是除了能带来生命价值之外的其它琐碎事情的冰冷数字’。

32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that
   [A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.
   [B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.
   [C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.
   [D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.
找出段落主题题型。第2小段里跟UK有关是从第2句“Across the 163 countries…”,envy是关键词，羡慕嫉妒恨的意思；envy是动词，env-ious和jealous是形容词。为什么被羡慕嫉妒呢？UK的high growth，高成长率，low unemployment，低失业率，让其它163个国家眼红。就好像你妈跟你说邻居小孩被保研了的事实但听起来很刺耳一样。保研＝成功，UK的GDP＝成功；成功＝success。选项之中只有b），measure of success,符合。a）不想（reluctant）重整（remold）它的经济模式，c）对世界经济的贡献（contribut-ion）不高，d）政府高层再也不重视（pay no attention to)GDP,三者都不在第2小段中提到。

33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?
   [A]It is sponsored by 163 countries.
   [B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.
   [C]Its criteria are questionable.
   [D]Its results are enlightening.
找出对／错题型。这种题型容易出错，如果你足够了解跟文章相关背景会有优势；无论如何，一个一个看选项。recent annual study是第3小段的开头，所以我们只要看第3小段就可以。a）马上在第2句找到163个国家，但没有提到它们赞助，sponsored，GDP；时事：GDP是经济指标，每个非战争国家都做，不需要赞助商资助。b）并没有说要替换成其它指标；时事：大多数国家每年提供GDP，并没有摒弃它。c）第1句，GDP不代表人民幸福指，well-being，而是一个国家有没有能力把GDP和well-being呈正比，需要GDP指标，只是要更全面的权衡。a），b）和c）都不对；剩下d）。d）enlightening是让人领悟的，看这小段的最后一句中提到其它GDP之外的指标提供更全面的，rounded，评估；这也是作者要写这篇文章的启发。

34.In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that
   [A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .
   [B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .
   [C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .
   [D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .
找出段落主题题型。第6小段，‘It(GDP) is no longer enough.’光看GDP不够了；第7小段，在最后1句的improving well-being下面画线上面写个A，worrying about GDP figures下面画线上面写个B，‘A rather than B… see(make) progress’，A比B更有进步的可能性。翻译更好点是：光提高GDP是不够的，不如提升人民幸福度更有发展性。来看看选项：a）economic boom，经济高成长，并没有被提到；b）跟中国用高GDP之后的2016年外资撤离相似，没有被提到；d）更小心的直视经济问题，在文章中的第3小段确实有提到，担不是第6，7小段的重点。所以只剩下c）GDP之外的其它数据，factors，要考虑到。c）是正确答案。

35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
   [A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson
   [B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health
   [C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP
   [D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being
了解作者写作的流程并选一个最适合的标题之前，我们还是先看一下个段落的摘要。第1小段：GDP不是一切；第2小段：GDP不是一切的支持点（一）；第3小段：GDP不是一切的支持点（二）；第4小段：GDP不是一切的支持点（三）；第5小段：作者重述第1小段观点／意见；第6小段：总结（一）；第7小段：总结（二）。现在看选项：从头到尾反复强调不能只看GDP，是不是很符合a）？b）用这为标题的话回用完全不一样的方法写这篇文章，要鼓吹GDP有多么重要，要牺牲一切换取GDP，要举中国为例子…等等，所以不是正确答案；c）并没有，terminate，终结掉GDP；GDP还是观测经济成长的指标，作者并没有要求废除；d）Brexit这人名仅仅在第2小段最后提到，而且没有写到他在经济上面的做法，完全不对。正确答案是a）。

希望对你有帮助。

GeneTell

Text 4

这篇文章有点难度，单词要求高而且有太多特殊名词能让人慌了手脚。像Rolex，某名牌手表，Ferrari，某名牌跑车，跟大学生的生活有点距离所以不知道是正常。没关系，现在你知道他们是什么了，稳扎稳打，就是得高分的最快法则。看文章：
Text 4
1        In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.
2        The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.
3        Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.
4        The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".
5        The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.  "The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."
6        But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.
7        Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.
8        The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court
   [A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.
   [B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.
   [C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.
   [D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.
Para是paragraph的缩写，所以不要慌，不要找太远，问题问court，法院，做了什么。第1小段中有两个关键词句：unanimous和holding one’s nose；unanimous是全票通过，全数同意的意思；必须死记硬背(uni-是单一，-animus-是感觉)，没旁门左道；holding one’s nose是形象词，你在什么情况下会捏着鼻子呢，走进百花盛开的花园还是中国十一知名景区的厕所的时候呢？嗯，似乎听到答案了，只有在不好的环境下会holding one’s nose。拼拼凑凑的我们得知第1小段：美国最高法院非常鄙视州长McDonnell收取贿赂一事（conduct），不过全数通过反转（overturn）他的受贿有罪判定。选项中c）是最接近的，contemptuous是鄙视的意思；全员鄙视McDonnell的作为，不过没有判定他有罪。至于为什么，听作者慢慢道来。

37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves
   [A] leaking secrets intentionally.
   [B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.
   [C] concrete returns for gift-givers.
   [D] breaking contracts officially.
针对某段落题型，所以可以直接看第4小段，“The court did suggest…”。先别急，读完问题再回答；official act＝corruptive only if…，公认（official）的违法（corruptive）行为（act）只限于（only if）…的情况下。现在我们懂问题要的是什么了，去第4小段。在最后一句找到official act，我们从后面往前看，meeting，phone call，event都不算违法行为，只有concrete benefit的情况下才算。Concrete，是水泥，水泥干了就不能改变了，也有板上钉钉的意思；可能要有银行账户、受贿现场被拍录等确切证据下才能当呈堂证据。看选项，泄密的a）和毁约的d）是100％错误的。b）sizable，数量可观的，是一个很主观的词：假如是在生日当天给的gift呢？假如真的是很要好的好友呢？假如给一个邮票爱好者的好友一枚极罕见能在拍卖场拍到上亿英镑的邮票呢？b）太主观，所以不选。c）concrete，能被抓包的，又出现了，没有任何悬念选c），不会错的。

38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are
   [A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.
   [B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.
   [C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.
   [D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.
大海捞针题形。这片海说大不大，但court’s ruling基本从第1小段一直贯通的最后。重复一次，这文章有难度，所以问题更要慢慢读：最高法院的逆转判决基于对公仆的什么假设下？跟着问题的进度在第5小段，“The court’s ruling is legally sound…”,最高法院的逆转判决有理，因为…，是作者对最高法院的支持点，里面找到答案的几率很高。 而里面有借用了他人说过的名言，里面一定有答案。各位，这就是英文中的咬文嚼字，但也不要慌；主谓宾划好也就清楚了：公仆为人民做事的责任更重要，不要让公仆害怕人民为了感谢给的好处反而不为他们做事。换句话说，合理化，justify，正好是答案a），能解决选民需求而正当化，的关键词。其它选项：b）被认为能单独解决官僚事件的资格，c）能过重视支持者的问题，d）有偏心导致被判刑的豁免权。c）有点接近，但毕竟重视，没有解决；支持者是选民中的一大部分，不是全部；不够准确所以是错误答案。

39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to
   [A] awaken the conscience of officials.
   [B] guarantee fair play in official access.
   [C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.
   [D] inspire hopes in average people.
大海捞针题型。Well-enforeced laws在第6小段第3句中被找到了；这不是大海，只是个小池溏。但第3句给出具体transparency，透明化，的细项，没有提供原因；我们再往上找。第2句“Officials must not be…”有关键词:not allowed to play favoritism，是不该偏心。关键词下面都要画线，才不会浪费时间重复找。看选项，不偏心就是公平公正，be fair，正是选项b）的fair play，公平竞争。其它a）唤醒公仆良知，c）让部分公关游说合法化，d）让百姓幸福感沸腾，这些选项都是不对的。只有b）是对的。Play fair；no cheating。公平竞争，禁止作弊。

40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is
   [A] sarcastic.
   [B] tolerant.
   [C] skeptical.
   [D] supportive
作者心态题型。这种题型比找标题题型更容易，只要看最后一段落就好，而找标题题型需要总结全部段落。运气绝佳，最后段落只有一句。关键词是a step forward,前进的一步。不要忘了在关键词下画线。前进的一步是a）讽刺，b）忍耐，c）怀疑，还是d）支持的呢？对中国人来说，许多人不理解外国人的讽刺，这也就是许多人看美喜剧不懂许多笑话点的原因；就跟美国人不懂中国从日本进口的冷笑话一样。文化不同，幽默点不同，这是没办法的事。答案是d），作者并没有反驳最高法院颠覆有罪审判的支持点。

希望有帮助，加油

GeneTell

Section II
Part B
放对它原来的顺序：A到G共7段：D和B已知它们的位置，其它按照顺序变成原来的文章。
[A]  The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he disco*ered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The E*ening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.
[B]  The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.
[C]  Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic no*el, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in *36 and *37, and was first published in book form in *37.
[D]  Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English no*elist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.
[E]  Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an e*en better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.
[F]  Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British na*y pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed e*en less status, ha*ing been ser*ants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, ne*er to return. The family's increasing po*erty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them e*en to his wife, although they pro*ide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.
[G]   After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oli*er Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next no*el, combines the darkness of Oli*er Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these no*els consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.

小时候有玩过练练看吗？就是把点1画条线连到点2，点2再画条直线到点3，连到最后图案也就出来了。这也是画点成图，每一段落*两点，开头的起点和结尾的终点，而你要做的就是把一个段落的终点连到另一个段落的起点。还有要注意特殊名词，重点下面要划线。练习几次后应该就可以熟能生巧。
举例我们看看段落[A]刚好有两句，头一句代表开头的起点，后一句为结尾。开头，被动语气，第一个出版的画（published sketch）深深的感动(bring tears to one’s eyes)了Dickens。结尾，关键词，from then on, pen name Boz, modest reputation分别为从那时起、笔名Boz、和好名气；我们得知，从此，改了笔名的Dicken的作画越来越有名。
再做一个[C]:起点刚好有Boz，说不定刚好是[A]终点接下来的，运气不错，关键词：monthly installment, backdrop, Seymour,分别为分期付款、背景、人名；okay，这句比较复杂，因为有两个表语，不要气馁，人名圈起来：Dickens和Seymour，Dickens和backdrop相关，Seymour和originate相关，分别为Dickens为副手，Seymour为主。其它是杂讯，我们得到：出名不久，一出版公司聘请Dickens做Seymour的副手，每月刊登一Seymour原创的连载。因为它开头说道出名不久后，所以能确定是接着［A］。中间许多细节，大概是：Dickens在出版商的支持下要求Seymour做修改，Seymour被迫修改后出于不满在自家后院自杀了；中间这是杂讯，可看可不看。[C]的终点不长，那作品的名称占了句子的一半，Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club，底下画条线。翻译：那作品连载了1年，并在*37年出书。好了，接下来，它会继续连到哪里呢？假如你说注意书名， Pickwick Club，或者年份，*37，聪明的你就在高分的轨道上了。保险起见，这段中间虽然说是杂讯，但内容是正面还是负面还是最好确定一下：关键词是committing suicide,自杀成功，也就是没救活。然后跟人对上号，Seymour自杀，但跟这篇出现了两段的主角，Dickens，有关，而且是负面形象，放个－标记一下。
都做到这里了就坚持下去，只要找出段落的起始句跟Pickwick Club或*37年有关的就好了。在［B］和［G］两段落中出现Pickwick。我们先看看［B］，起点：作品‘Pickwick Club’出名了，也让Dickens变成了名人。结尾：作品中的主角甚至变成家喻户晓的角色。再看［G］，起点：作品‘Pickwick Club’后，Dickens笔锋一变，从喜剧变成灰暗；关键字：plunge和bleak都是负面词，放个-。先别看［G］的结尾，我们先推测一下，［B］在说*37年的作品，［G］说作品后的事情了，那［B］与［G］谁前谁后？我也同意是［B］。然后这篇文章的［D］和［B］的顺序是前提给我们的，而且［B］后面就只有一个段落，然后我们还知道了是哪个段落了，是［G］，那我们还用得着看［G］的结尾吗，没有必要吧。文章完了。现在我们知道顺序是的 D->［?］->［?］->A->C->B->G。
接下来我们按文章顺序看［D］，是前提给的起始段落，所以看它的终点，也就是那段落的最后一句就好：Dickens对英文文学有很大的影响力。Craft动词是创造出，名词是工艺品。一个句子中主词和主要动词一定要清楚。［D］的终点会连去哪儿呢？是［E］还是［F］，按照顺序先看［E］。［E］的起始是：在Dickens父亲服刑期满后不久找到了一个兼职工作。试问，这会不会太跳跃了，一下就跳到没有来历的父亲身上，我还么做好见家长的准备呢…。如果你时间较紧张，可以直接选［F］做为［D］后面的段落为答案。不想拿这两分赌上考研梦的，来看看［F］的起点：Dickens出生了。［E］和［F］的前后马上就清楚了。
然后［F］后面长篇都是得分外的杂讯，基本是说Dickens悲惨的童年记忆：被同龄孩儿取笑，父亲锒铛入狱，刚好接［E］的人生扭转点，于常常画画投稿结束；刚好接［A］的起点：有幸被某杂志刊登作品后用笔名Boz继续投稿。
恭喜你，把一篇文章给串起来了，图案也出来了ickens的传文。从Dickens童年到刊登作品到成名作品；段落顺序为：
D -> [F] -> [E] -> [A] -> [C] -> B -> [G]。

GeneTell

翻译
原文为David Garddol,在2006年出版English Next的前文。

Part C

   The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.
   (46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
   Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol
   (47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
   David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
   If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish, Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.
   (49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.
   The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant: (50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.

(46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.
永远把主谓宾先找出来：…there are signs…就是这一句的主谓宾，‘有（什么样的）迹象’其它都是修饰用的时间、形容、解释的装饰品。先看even as，是解释两个事件是同步进行中的。例句：Even as you are sleeping, people are studying for Grad Test.  事件1：你在梦周公；事件2：某些人还在为考研做准备。Even as翻译成“即使”或“…的时候，”还不错；即使事件A，事件B。这里事件A的名词是‘number of English speakers’，能说英文的人数,动词是‘expands’，增加或扩散。事件A就差修饰动词的助动词：further，更远一点或更进一步。事件B就是‘there are signs’,有什么的迹象，说的不清不楚的是因为后面有从句修饰。既然是从句就有从句主语和从句谓语，才能组成‘句’。从句主词是‘global predominance of the language’,语言在世界上的领导力，从句谓语是‘fade’，减退或变弱；may是修饰fade，还有从句时间，‘within the foreseeable future’，在预料之中的未来。Foreseeable可能是个生字，我来当一回算命先生来解字：fore-＝之前，就像be-fore;see＝看见；-able=能或能力范围内。拼在一起就是能在发生之前看见，换句话说，预见或者天眼通。Okay，放在一起这句我会翻译成：但在能使用英文人数越来越多的同时，有着英语在可预见的不久未来会渐渐失去世界第一语言的地位的迹象。记住：speaker的确翻译成说话者，但English speaker不是仅仅能有从one数到ten的speak能力，而是能自由运用English这语言能力的人。

(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.
看了这句有没有觉得：这家伙真能写，他一句抵我三句长。没错，这里的确有三个句子：一主句，两从句。也没什么，各自找好位置答案也就出来了。主句有主谓宾；主语是‘his analysis’，他的报告分析，谓语是‘end’，终结、结束或（生命）的断送，宾语是‘those （people）’，那些人。Therefore是顺理成章，content是形容词满足的意思，例句：he’s content with his life,他对他现在的生活感到满足。Self-contented-ness是名词，自满。刚刚说了those是宾语，他们。到底是他们哪种人呢？后面的从句就是修饰those用的。一样是从句的主谓宾。主词‘who’也是修饰those，他们；谓语‘believe’，相信；相信本从句的宾语，也是一个概念：‘the global position of English is so stable’,稳定到没人能够动摇英语在世界上的地位。喘口气，还没完呢。后面that继续修饰stable，稳定。一样主谓宾：主语‘young generation of UK’,英国的年轻世代；谓语‘need’的否定词，不需要；宾语‘capability’，能力；什么能力呢 － language，语言能力。Additional是额外，也是extra的意思；所以合起来就是‘另一门语言的必要’。Okay,三句都知道了，就看你有没有能力凑一起用中文让别人明白你懂了这句的意思。我试试：他的分析成果应该能理所当然的粉碎那些英国年轻一辈的认为他们母语：英文不可能被动摇它国际上的重要性而自满地认为没有必要去学习英语之外的语言的想法。

(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.
Curriculum是必修课。这字后面你可以放个逗号，分段一下，比较好读。分成两段后，but做为连接词是不是好多了呢？先看前段主谓宾：主词‘countries’；谓语‘introduce’；宾语‘English’，没什么难度。Introduce一定是把谁或什么介绍给谁或什么，换句话说，介绍A给B的英文格式一定是introduce A to B。这里introduce English into curriculum明显不是‘必修课程，这是英文。英文，这是我的好友，必修课程。’，而是把英文课纳入必修课程内。Introduce有纳入、采纳的意思。Many和primary-school(小学)是修饰名词的形容词。后端主谓，没宾语，找来：主词‘school-children and students’；谓语‘appear to be’，看起来像什么似的或有…趋向。后缀的表语是修饰趋向的；先看‘gain greater encouragement to achieve’,得到更多的鼓励,encouragement,去达成，achieve；后面的就简单了，fluency in language,语言的流利度。密码破解完了，整理一下写出来：许多国家从小学就必修英文课程，但是英国小学生到高校生似乎没有被鼓励去流利得使用非英文的外语。

(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors.
这段没难度，我先把修饰词拿出来：identified by David Graddol, 和clear and major。Identified by David Graddol,是被David Graddol指认出来的；clear and major,明显又巨大的，让我想起一个俚词：Elephant in the room,房间里有只大象，是指有个显而易见但没人敢说破的事实；例如：实质是资本主义的中国最大党是反对资本主义的共产党。拉回来，主谓宾：主词‘changes’；谓语‘present’，带来；宾语‘challenges’，挑战。例句： it’s a challenge to me可以被翻成‘对我而言是有难度的’。那句子中，对谁而言是有难度的呢？答案是UK’s providers of English language，英国的英语教育提供者。又要问既然他们是提供者，商品是英文，那，要提供给谁呢？有两个：1、people of other countries,外国人，2、broader education business sectors,更广泛的教育事业部门；补习班就是其中之一。好的，没难度吧。这句是：被David Graddo指出的变化会对教外国人英语和广泛教育行业的英国本土的英文教育者而言是个明显又巨大的挑战。

50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment.
It开头的句子很讨厌，因为it这个代名词太广泛，必须到前面看清楚它代替的字词句才能翻译的到位。它指的是David Graddol文章中提到的变化。Okay。主词找到了，接下来找谓语，give，提供或给予，宾语‘a basis’,一个基准。Basis跟basic联想，都是基础的意思；basis＝名词，basic＝形容词。谓语give和之前的introduce一样，都要有个to，给予的目标对象；这里对象是organization，团体、机构、党派或组织。然后又是个从句，主词‘which’指的是之前的organization；谓语‘seek’，寻觅或寻求；但还没完，seek to promote不如一起说了，是寻求促进的意思；宾语有两个：‘learning’和‘environment’。不要动词后面加个-ing就忘了它是动名词。Okay。不算太难，这句翻译：之前文章提到的情势变化为所有寻求学习和不同运营环境的机构提供了一个基准。

翻译到一段落。希望这2017年英文（一）讲解对你有帮助，下面Section III的写作不支持。如果想要在写作上下功夫，建议自己练习；像写日记、电影观后感想、城市景点、新闻等等进行练习。加油。

GeneTell

Section I
出处：Walter Frick, “Companies in Happy Cities In*est More for the Long Term”, 于2015,June 09 刊登在Har*ard Business Re*iew.
考试做了部分修改；不与原文完全相同。

   Happy people work differently. They’re more producti*e, more creati*e, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence__1__firms work, too.
   Companies located in places with happier people in*est more, according to a recent research paper. __2__, firms in happy places spend more on R&D (research and de*elopment). That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking__3__for making in*estments for the future.
   The researchers wanted to know if the__4__and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would__5__the way companies in*ested. So they compared U.S. cities’ a*erage happiness__6__by Gallup polling with the in*estment acti*ity of publicly traded firms in those areas.
   __7__enough, firms’ in*estment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were__8__.  But is it really happiness that’s linked to in*estment, or could something else about happier cities__9__why firms there spend more on R&D?  To find out, the researchers controlled for *arious__10__that might make firms more likely to in*est – like size, industry, and sales – and for indicators that a place was__11__to li*e in, like growth in wages or population. The link between happiness and in*estment generally__12__e*en after accounting for these things.
   The correlation between happiness and in*estment was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors__13__to “less codified decision making process” and the possible presence of “younger and less__14__managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment.” The relationship was__15__stronger in places where happiness was spread more__16__.  Firms seem to in*est more in places where most people are relati*ely happy, rather than in places with happiness inequality.
   __17__ this doesn’t pro*e that happiness causes firms to in*est more or to take a longer-term *iew, the authors belie*e it at least__*__at that possibility. It’s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help__19__how executi*es think about the future. “It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creati*e and__20__R&D more than the a*erage,” said one researcher.


1. [A] why         [B] where        [C] how         [D] when
考词性。关键字：influence和work，这两个字*它的名词和动词形式，所以要看清楚。…might用来修饰influence，所以是动词，影响；后面firms（公司） work，work是动词，工作或作业。这里自问，某物影响公司营业（什么），a）是理由，b）是地点，c）是方式，d）时间，哪个比较合适？当然，现在时间够，我可以想想各自的理由，像：政府法令可以影响公司作业的理由；毕业后吃政府、养老金*岁开始给，那我吃撑了去公司上班吗？大塞车可以影响公司营业的地点和时间：公司搬到郊区去或上班从朝九晚五调到朝六晚二来避开塞车巅峰；影响工作进度的方式的理由就多的去了：货币汇率、人事成本、产品需求、高层变动等等。心情呢？文章问happiness能影响营业的理由、地点、运营方式、还是时间呢？答案是［C］how。另一个理由是之前段落表明开心的人工作的态度和方式不同于常人，这也是how，如何在工作上反应出不同，的支持点。

2. [A] In return         [B] In particular         [C] In contrast         [D] In conclusion
考句首词，也是考连接词。a）in return,是有因果关系、交换条件。例句：I took a test for him; in return, he ga*e me money.我帮他代考，代价是他支付我钱。b）in particular是especially的同义词，特别的意思。例句：I like studying. In particular Math and English.我喜欢读书，特别是数学和英文。c）in contrast是相反、举反例。另一个同义词是On the contrary，不要搞混。He is foolish. In contrast, his son is smart.父亲愚昧，但儿子聪明，劣竹出好笋的意思。接下来d）in conclusion,是做总结。明显才第2句就忙着做总结的d）是错的，不要浪费时间在它身上。在做出选择abc的情况必须读它的上下文；上下文都是place，地方，但关键词是上文的in*est和下文的R&D,研究开发部门的研究，research，和开发，de*elop。公司的投资是大项，R&D相较下是细项。所以b）in particular是正解。

3. [A] sufficient         [B] famous         [C] perfect         [D] necessary
考词汇：形容词。会觉得这句不好读吗？如果把杂讯遮住会不会好一点：把linked to a kind of longer-term thinking和future in*estments先放在脑后，再重看句子。Happiness is a）sufficient，足够了，b）famous，很有名，c）完美，还是d）重要的。在回答前先把刚刚放在脑后的放回来；快乐感对能过下对未来投资决定的长期思考方式很（答案），哪个选项比较适合呢？只有d）necessary能让句子通顺。有些同学可能质疑a），足够，也可以，但放在作者的角度，他必须在例举happiness之外的理由才能让它成立。但作者在这句就划下句点，所以不要选a），sufficient。

4. [A] indi*idualism         [B] modernism         [C] optimism                 [D] realism
考同义词。这种if的假设句还是一个完整的句子；要主语和谓语。刚好主语是4的答案，而谓语是5的答案，两个是大有关联的。我们先看主语：主语被连接词and连贯，至少知道and前后是有关联的。Inclination是嗜好、爱好、倾向的意思；in-是往那边，-clin-是倾斜，-tion名词。研究考试编考员真是体贴，原文本来用的是procli*ity,负面名词，癖好，改成了inclination，正面名词，爱好。那是在说什么样的嗜好、趋势呢？就是后面的‘开心的人敢于冒高凤险投资’的趋势，这也难怪原文用负面的procli*ity，外国人就是爱冒险，不像老子（李耳，道德经）的不入险地。这题的问题来了：为什么开心的人敢冒这险呢？是a）个人主义作祟，b）现代主义，c）乐观，还是d）现实主义；明显的是c）乐观，所以敢投资。a）个人主义是八杆子都打不到关系，所以不要选；b）老实说，我不知道什么是modernism,我知道是想要变得更像现代人，但谁能告诉我现代人如何作为呢？小清新吗？白骨精吗？过劳死吗？穿着西装领带去Starbucks喝咖啡吗？我不纠结了，反正不要选怪怪的选项。d）现实主义的人是只做有把握的事，务实的人，而这种人是不会放胆投资的。所以只有c)optimism是答案。

5. [A] echo         [B] miss         [C] spoil         [D] change
续上题，动词什么的the way companies in*ested,以前公司的投资方式，也就是realism，保守派，的投资方式。a）echo是回声，也是响应的意思；b）miss，怀念；c）spoil是糟蹋；d）change，改变。续上题，乐观的人是不会a）响应或b）怀念以前陈旧作风。c）浪费也说不过去；最有可能的是d）改变以前的做法。

6. [A] imagined         [B] measured         [C] in*ented         [D] assumed
考单词量。…compare…happiness。要如何比较开心指标呢？必须要随机访问、记录、统计、总结等步骤。我们来看看选项中哪个符合：a）想像出来的，b）测量或记录的，c）投资的，d）假设的。a）和d）最好做实验可以随空想像、瞎掰出来，还可以申请研究费，写假报告，最后还出版成为假文献。等着坐牢吧！c）的投资也说不通，要不哪个人给我说说投资开心的利息怎么算。没什么悬念，b）量化的测量记录的结果。

希望对你又帮助，考试冲刺最后一个月

GeneTell

7. [A] Sure         [B] Odd         [C] Unfortunate         [D] Often
考起始句题型。是副词片语，当副词（助动词）看待，也会给例子。这种题型从它的前后句是同义还是反义会比较好下手。上句说的是正面乐观的人约敢于投资，下句表明投资和快乐指数是呈正比（correlate)；下句是上句的支持点。看选项：a）Sure enough,是certainly,undoubtedly,unquestionably的同义词，没有疑问、肯定的意思；例句：You are a catch.  Sure enough you will find someone.你条件很好，一定会找到对象的。b）Odd enough，的确美剧里有人这样说，但正确地是Oddly enough,是strangely,actually,funnily enough的同义词，就是实际上、奇怪的是；例句：I saw John.  Oddly enough, I was thinking I’ve not seen him for a long time.我刚刚看到John了，巧的是我正纳闷好久没见到他了。c)和d）enough没有强烈修饰前缀的作用，所以c）Unfortunate enough,是更不幸的是；例句：he was unfortunate enough to be caught.太惨了，他做坏事被抓了。d）often enough，往往；例句：A lie told often enough becomes truth.说的谎言往往会成真。跟上下句一起看，选项a）sure enough是最符合的。b）的用法需要上下句不同、反义，所以不对。c）没什么不幸的，毕竟下句是支持上句；也不对。使用d）often的情况下会在firms前加some，部分的，或most，大部分的；毕竟不是100％发生，只是偶尔、常常。

8. [A] advertised         [B] divided         [C] overtaxed         [D] headquartered
考单词量。之前先弄懂they这个代名词是替代哪个名词，是替代firms，公司、组织；再想想firms会把R&D和大投资放在坐稳的大城市还是刚刚要大战略的新地盘呢？毛泽东国共战争输了逃到，抱歉，长征到陕西，为什么？因为地盘清楚人头熟。看选项：a）advertise是推销、广告，b）divide是分家、划分；可以跟David联想，因为David喜欢闹分家。c）overtax是多付税；d）headquarter是做为基地、扎根的意思。里面只有d）headquartered是对的。不是c）的理由是因为R&D很花钱，如果在一个赋税高的城市往往要增加开销，不是公司高层会下的决定，股东会的大股东也不会让这种事发生；损己利人不是无祖国的商人会做的事。

9. [A] explain         [B] overstate                 [C] summarize         [D] emphasize
考单词量。不要被长句子吓到，能分就分，能简化就简化。Or这个连接词前面是作者问读者‘投资真的是和happiness完全相关的吗’，后面的句子能如何简化呢？‘Can others explain why?有其他解释这现象的理由吗？’选项中刚好有a）explain。所以a）是对的。b）overstate猜猜什么意思；over-是超过，state是证明，over-state是过度强调、或者夸大。c）summarize是总结的意思；它的名词是summary，摘要、大意。d）emphasize是强调，也就是要重复说三次、荧光笔划到干、铅笔圈到穿的意思。

10.[A] stages         [B] factors         [C] levels         [D] methods
考单词量。这篇目前好多考单词的题目，单词量有点紧张的同学最好在字首、字尾这块下手。一样简化这句字：(In order) to find out, researchers controlled (答案)；re-是重复，search是找寻，－er是人员；re-search-er，需要日复一日重复同样找寻答案的人就是研究员；你们也日复一日寻找对的考题选项答案也是为了某日进研究院成为他们的一员而做准备。研究员在实验能control，控制，的什么呢？作者在句子的后端举例：size，industry，sales；分别为公司大小、公司类型和销售情况。这些是b）factors，因素。Fact是事实，-or跟-er是同样意思：人员。Fact-or是操纵事实的人员或影响事实的东西，也是因素。a）stage是步骤或阶段；c）level，程度；d）methods，手段或方法。作者举例的三个是不同的东西，更a、b、c难以牵上关系；跟影响实验的可控因素符合，所以b）factors是对的。

11.[A] desirable         [B] sociable         [C] reputable         [D] reliable
考单词量。后面字尾全是-able，跟-ble,-ible相同，有能力的，形容词。a）desir-able,desire是吸引的意思，desirable是有没有吸引能力、够不够吸引；social是人与人的关系、社交的意思，所以b）soci-able是够不够友善；reputed是名声好的，c）reput-able是够不够有名；rely是依赖，d）reli-able是能不能依靠。选项看完了，老方法，简化句子，发现不能再简化了，句子已经够短，这是好事。句子后面的例子：wage，薪水，和population，人口，是影响一个地点‘够不够吸引’人来居住的因素，所以答案是a）desirable。这样好了，如果还不懂我们可以来举例子看合不合理；新西兰是全球最友善的国家，偏地牧场，最近的邻居家需要开半个小时的车。开心吗？万里长城，中国因为它在全世界出名，有人会因为仰慕万里长城而到中国开心的居住吗？长城上吹风、溜滑梯吗？我只知道一个人可不可信需要那些条件，一个地方赢得人的信任条件我还真不知道，反正被查水表不是其中之一。最后，能不能吸引人的主要条件就是薪水和工作条件，而工作机会和人口数量呈正比。说的通，所以a）desirable是答案。

12.[A] resumed         [B] held         [C]emerged         [D] broke
关键字是link，连接。当我看到link我会联想到曹操被烧掉胡子的赤壁之战，连环船是被铁链连接起来的，ships were linked together.而连接点不是b）held，坚持住，就是d）broke，断裂。看关键字：even after accounting those things，在丢了这么多东西后，锁链依旧b）没断，还是d）断了合理？b）held是正确答案；加了这么多额外的东西，做了多余的考量后它俩的关系还是这么铁。

希望对你有帮助.