详细的2017北语外语用考研真题回忆

奔跑的Nicole · 发表于 2017-1-3 22:06

语言学：
名词解释10个：50分
Displacement
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Locutionary act
Sense
Suprasegmental
Morpheme
Gradable antonyms
Conversational implicature
Paradigmatic relation
Phrase category

大题：1.define langue and parole，why they are different 15分
2.Cohesion and coherence 15分
3.Metapher theory proposed by Lorris，分析以下句子 20分
A.harry is in kitchen
B.Harry is in love

翻译：50分

Neuroscientists have long observed that learning a language presents a different set of opportunities and challenges for adults and children.
长期以来，神经学家一直认为语言的学习对成年人和孩子来说有着不同的机遇与挑战。
Adults easily grasp the vocabulary needed to navigate a grocery store or order food in a restaurant, but children have an innate ability to pick up on subtle nuances of language that often elude adults.
成年人很容易地掌握杂货店或餐馆必备词汇，孩子就有与生俱来能力，辨别语言中细微的差别，而这些差别经常会把成年人难住。
For example, within months of living in a foreign country, a young child may speak a second language like a native speaker.
比方说，孩子只要在国外生活几个月，就可以像外国人一样说外语。
Experts believe that brain structure plays an important role in this “sensitive period” for learning language, which is believed to end around adolescence.
一些专家认为大脑结构会影响人们语言学习的敏感期，而敏感期止于青春期。
The young brain is equipped with neural circuits that can analyze sounds and build a coherent set of rules for constructing words and sentences out of those sounds.
孩子的大脑含有神经回路，能够分析声音，建立起一套连贯的规则，从而利用这些声音组词造句。
Once these language structures are established, it’s difficult to build another one for a new language.
这些语言结构建立完成，大脑就很难形成新的结构，学习新一门语言。
In a new study, a team of neuroscientists and psychologists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) discovered another factor that contributes to adults’ language difficulties: When learning certain elements of language, adults’ more highly developed cognitive skills actually get in the way.
在一项研究中，由来自麻省理工学院（MIT）神经学家及心理学家组成的研究团队发现另一种因素，可以解释成年人学习语言的难点：在学习语言的某一方面时，成年人高度发达的认知技能实际上阻碍了语言的学习。
The researchers discovered that the harder adults tried to learn an artificial language, the worse they were at deciphering the language’s morphology —the structure and deployment of linguistic units such as root words, suffixes, and prefixes.
研究人员发现，成年人在学习人造语言的过程中越努力，那么他们在学习语言形态学方面表现就越糟糕。（形态学指的是词根、后缀及前缀等语言单位的结构及组合。）

二、
基础英语：单词10分，阅读5个，每题字数不断增加，难度加大，第二篇古代与现代喜欢暴力运动， bloodthirsty,第三篇约500字，第四篇逻辑哲学，fact与theory，800词左右，第五篇 900-1000字左右，有一篇是吉普赛人，第一篇350左右，搜到了是大学英语四级阅读：挪威政府意欲控制石油工业
　　The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: “We will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”

　　Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.

　　The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.

　　The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.

　　1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to

　　[A] provide more jobs for foreign workers.

　　[B] slow down the rate of its development.

　　[C] sell the oil it is producing abroad.

　　[D] develop more quickly than at present.

　　2. The Norwegian Government has tried to

　　[A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.

　　[B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway.

　　[C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems.

　　[D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size.

　　3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to

　　[A] the development of industry.

　　[B] a growth in population.

　　[C] the failure of the development programme.

　　[D] the development of new towns.

　　4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be

　　[A] a large reduction on unemployment.

　　[B] a growth in the tourist industry.

　　[C] a reduction in the number of existing industries.

　　[D] the development of a number of service industries.

　　5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because

　　[A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal.

　　[B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal.

　　[C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society.

　　[D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life.
翻译
英译汉：苏格拉底400词左右
汉译英
毛泽东逃学的故事：
我七岁起就在本村一个小学读书，一直到13岁。每天清早和晚上我在田里做工，白天就读“四书”。我的塾师管教甚严，他很严厉，时常责打学生。因此我在13岁的时候便从校中逃出。逃出以后，我不敢回家，恐怕挨打，于是向城上的方向走去，我以为那个城是在山谷里面。我漂流了三天之后，家里才找到我。这时我才知道我的旅行不过绕来绕去地兜圈子而已，一共走的路程不过距家约八里。
但回家之后，出乎我意料之外，情形反而好了一点儿，父亲比较能体谅我了，而塾师比以前来得温和。我这次反抗的结果，给我的印象极深。这是我第一次成功的“罢课”。
　我的母亲是一个慈祥的妇人，慷慨而仁爱，不论什么都肯施舍。她很怜惜穷人，在荒年她常常施米给那些跑来乞讨的人。

作文是face value 以 A critic of face value 写400字作文。

三、法语
选择题20道
对划线部分提问
时态填空
翻译：汉译法
1.如果你每天运动的话，你妈妈会更高兴
2、她最喜欢的那本是去年出版的
3、我们的汽车在高速公路上坏了，都怪你！你出发之前就没有检查一下汽车吗？
4、今天巴黎天气很凉爽。
5、他希望十年后开个面包店。
法译汗：申请提供足球场地设备什么的。
作文二选一
100-120词：
mes vacances d’hiver
Ma derniere annee universitaire

后续知道了分数再来分享经验