北外英语翻译硕士MTI口译、笔译考研复习资料之三十六计...

beiwaikaoyan5 · 发表于 2016-4-25 13:48

北外英语翻译硕士MTI口译、笔译考研复习资料之三十六计的英文表达

《孙子兵法》三十六计（Thirty-Six Stratagems）乃兵家之经典著作。现代人习之，在商场职场生活领域中，古为今用。而三十六计在外国也极受欢迎……

第一计瞒天过海 crossing the sea under camouflage 英文注释： Mask your real goals, by using the ruse of a fake goal,until the real goal is achieved. Tactically, this is known as an 'open feint':in front of everyone, you point west, when your goal is actually in the east.

第二计围魏救赵 relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei 英文注释： When the enemy is too strong to be attacked directly, thenattack something he holds dear. Know that he cannot be superior in all things.Somewhere there is a gap in the armour, a weakness that can be attackedinstead. The idea here is to avoid a head-on battle with a strong enemy, andinstead strike at his weakness elsewhere. This will force the strong enemy toretreat in order to support his weakness. Battling against the now tired andlow-morale enemy will give a much higher chance of success.

第三计借刀杀人 killing someone with a borrowed knife 英文注释： When you do not have the means to attack your enemydirectly, then attack using the strength of another. Trick an ally intoattacking him, bribe an official to turn traitor, or use the enemy's ownstrength against him.

第四计以逸待劳 waiting at one's ease for the exhausted enemy 英文注释： It is an advantage to choose the time and place for battle.In this way you know when and where the battle will take place, while yourenemy does not. Encourage your enemy to expend his energy in futile questswhile you conserve your strength. When he is exhausted and confused, you attackwith energy and purpose.

第五计趁火打劫 plundering a burning house 英文注释： When a country is beset by internal conflicts, when diseaseand famine ravage the population, when corruption and crime are rampant, thenit will be unable to deal with an outside threat. This is the time to attack.

第六计声东击西 making a feint to the east and attacking in the west 英文注释： In any battle the element of surprise can provide anoverwhelming advantage. Even when face to face with an enemy, surprise canstill be employed by attacking where he least expects it. To do this you mustcreate an expectation in the enemy's mind through the use of a feint.

第七计无中生有 creating something out of nothing 英文注释： You use the same feint twice. Having reacted to the firstand often the second feint as well, the enemy will be hesitant to react to athird feint. Therefore the third feint is the actual attack catching your enemywith his guard down.

第八计暗渡陈仓 advancing secretly by an unknown path 英文注释： Deceive the enemy with an obvious approach that will take avery long time, while surprising him by taking a shortcut and sneak up to him.As the enemy concentrates on the decoy, he will miss you sneaking up to him.

第九计隔岸观火第九计 watching a fire from the other side of the river隔岸观火英文注释： Delay entering the field of battle until all the otherplayers have become exhausted fighting amongst themselves. Then go in at fullstrength and pick up the pieces.

第十计笑里藏刀 covering the dagger with a smile 英文注释：Charm and ingratiate yourself with your enemy. When you havegained his trust, move against him in secret.

第十一计李代桃僵 palming off substitute for the real thing 英文注释： There are circumstances in which you must sacrificeshort-term objectives in order to gain the long-term goal. This is thescapegoat strategy whereby someone else suffers the consequences so that therest do not.

第十二计顺手牵羊 picking up something in passing 英文注释： While carrying out your plans be flexible enough to takeadvantage of any opportunity that presents itself, however small, and availyourself of any profit, however slight.

第十三计打草惊蛇 beating the grass to frighten the snake 英文注释： Do something unaimed, but spectacular ("hitting thegrass") to provoke a response of the enemy ("startle thesnake"), thereby giving away his plans or position, or just taunt him. Dosomething unusual, strange, and unexpected as this will arouse the enemy'ssuspicion and disrupt his thinking. More widely used as "[Do not] startlethe snake by hitting the grass". An imprudent act will give your positionor intentions away to the enemy.

第十四计借尸还魂 resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse 英文注释： Take an institution, a technology, a method, or even anideology that has been forgotten or discarded and appropriate it for your ownpurpose. Revive something from the past by giving it a new purpose or bring tolife old ideas, customs, or traditions and reinterpret them to fit yourpurposes.

第十五计调虎离山 luring the tiger out of his den 英文注释： Never directly attack an opponent whose advantage is derivedfrom its position. Instead lure him away from his position thus separating himfrom his source of strength.

第十六计欲擒故纵 letting the enemy off in order to catch him 英文注释： Cornered prey will often mount a final desperate attack. Toprevent this you let the enemy believe he still has a chance for freedom. Hiswill to fight is thus dampened by his desire to escape. When in the end thefreedom is proven a falsehood the enemy's morale will be defeated and he willsurrender without a fight.

第十七计抛砖引玉 giving the enemy something to induce him to lose morevaluable things 英文注释： Bait someoneby making him believe he gains something or just make him react to it("toss out a brick") and obtain something valuable from him in return("get a jade gem").

第十八计擒贼擒王 capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all thefollowers 英文注释： If theenemy's army is strong but is allied to the commander only by money,superstition or threats, then take aim at the leader. If the commander fallsthe rest of the army will disperse or come over to your side. If, however, theyare allied to the leader through loyalty then beware, the army can continue tofight on after his death out of vengeance.

第十九计釜底抽薪 extracting the firewood from under the cauldron 英文注释： Take out the leading argument or asset of someone;"steal someone's thunder". This is the very essence of indirectapproach: instead of attacking enemy's fighting forces, the attacks aredirected against his ability to wage war.

第二十计混水摸鱼 muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubledwaters 英文注释： Createconfusion and use this confusion to further your own goals.

第二十一计金蝉脱壳 slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like thecicada sloughing its skin 英文注释： Maskyourself. Either leave one's distinctive traits behind, thus becominginconspicuous, or masquerade as something or someone else. This strategy ismainly used to escape from enemy of superior strength.

第二十二计关门捉贼 catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route 英文注释： To capture your enemy, or more generally in fighting wars,to deliver the final blow to your enemy, you must plan prudently if you want tosucceed. Do not rush into action. Before you "move in for the kill",first cut off your enemy's escape routes, and cut off any routes through whichoutside help can reach them.

第二十三计远交近攻 befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy英文注释： It is known that nations that border each other becomeenemies while nations separated by distance and obstacles make better allies.When you are the strongest in one field, your greatest threat is from thesecond strongest in your field, not the strongest from another field.

第二十四计假途伐虢 attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor 英文注释： Borrow the resources of an ally to attack a common enemy.Once the enemy is defeated, use those resources to turn on the ally that lentyou them in the first place.

第二十五计偷梁换柱 stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them withrotten timbers 英文注释： Disrupt theenemy's formations, interfere with their methods of operations, change therules in which they are used to following, go contrary to their standardtraining. In this way you remove the supporting pillar, the common link thatmakes a group of men an effective fighting force. 第二十六计指桑骂槐 reviling/abusing the locust tree while pointing to themulberry 英文注释： Todiscipline, control, or warn others whose status or position excludes them fromdirect confrontation; use analogy and innuendo. Without directly naming names,those accused cannot retaliate without revealing their complicity.

第二十七计假痴不癫 feigning madness without becoming insane 英文注释： Hide behind the mask of a fool, a drunk, or a madman tocreate confusion about your intentions and motivations. Lure your opponent intounderestimating your ability until, overconfident, he drops his guard. Then youmay attack.

第二十八计上屋抽梯 removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof 英文注释： With baits and deceptions, lure your enemy into treacherousterrain. Then cut off his lines of communication and avenue of escape. To savehimself, he must fight both your own forces and the elements of nature.

第二十九计树上开花 putting artificial flowers on trees 英文注释： Tying silk blossoms on a dead tree gives the illusion thatthe tree is healthy. Through the use of artifice and disguise, make somethingof no value appear valuable; of no threat appear dangerous; of no use appearuseful.

第三十计反客为主 turning from the guest into the host 英文注释： Usurp leadership in a situation where you are normallysubordinate. Infiltrate your target. Initially, pretend to be a guest to beaccepted, but develop from inside and become the owner later.

第三十一计美人计 using seductive women to corrupt the enemy 英文注释： Send your enemy beautiful women to cause discord within hiscamp. This strategy can work on three levels. First, the ruler becomes soenamoured with the beauty that he neglects his duties and allows his vigilanceto wane. Second, other males at court will begin to display aggressivebehaviour that inflames minor differences hindering co-operation and destroyingmorale. Third, other females at court, motivated by jealousy and envy, begin toplot intrigues further exacerbating the situation.

第三十二计空城计 presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness 英文注释： When the enemy is superior in numbers and your situation issuch that you expect to be overrun at any moment, then drop all pretense ofmilitary preparedness, act calmly and taunt the enemy, so that the enemy willthink you have a huge ambush hidden for them. It works best by acting calm andat ease when your enemy expects you to be tense.

第三十三计反间计 sowing discord among the enemy 英文注释： Undermine your enemy's ability to fight by secretly causingdiscord between him and his friends, allies, advisors, family, commanders,soldiers, and population. While he is preoccupied settling internal disputes,his ability to attack or defend is compromised.

第三十四计苦肉计 deceiving the enemy by torturing one's own man 英文注释： Pretending to be injured has two possible applications. Inthe first, the enemy is lulled into relaxing his guard since he no longerconsiders you to be an immediate threat. The second is a way of ingratiatingyourself to your enemy by pretending the injury was caused by a mutual enemy.

第三十五计连环计 coordinating one stratagem with another 英文注释： In important matters, one should use several stratagemsapplied simultaneously after another as in a chain of stratagems. Keepdifferent plans operating in an overall scheme; however, in this manner if anyone strategy fails, then the chain breaks and the whole scheme fails.

第三十六计走为上 decamping being the best; running away as the best choice 英文注释： If it becomes obvious that your current course of action willlead to defeat, then retreat and regroup. When your side is losing, there areonly three choices remaining: surrender, compromise, or escape. Surrender iscomplete defeat, compromise is half defeat, but escape is not defeat. As longas you are not defeated, you still have a chance.This is the most famous of thestratagems, immortalized in the form of a Chinese idiom: "Of theThirty-Six Stratagems, fleeing is best".