金融英语

崔冠华

宏观经济的 macroeconomic
通货膨胀 inflation
破产 insolvency
有偿还债务能力的 solvent
合同 contract
汇率 exchange rate
紧缩信贷 tighten credit creation
私营部门 private sector
财政治理机构 fiscal authorities
宽松的财政政策 slack fiscal policy
税法 tax bill
财政 public finance
财政部 the Ministry of Finance
平衡预算 balanced budget
继续税 inheritance tax
货币主义者 monetariest
增值税 VAT (value added tax)
收入 revenue
总需求 aggregate demand
货币化 monetization
赤字 deficit
经济不景气 recession
a period when the economy of a country is not
successful, business conditions are bad, industrial
production and trade are at a low level and there
is a lot of unemployment
经济好转 turnabout
复苏 recovery
成本推进型 cost push
货币供给 money supply
生产率 productivity
劳动力 labor force
实际工资 real wages
成本推进式通货膨胀 cost-push inflation
需求拉动式通货膨胀 demand-pull inflation
双位数通货膨胀 double- digit inflation
极度通货膨胀 hyperinflation
长期通货膨胀 chronic inflation
治理通货膨胀 to fight inflation
最终目标 ultimate goal
坏的影响 adverse effect
担保 ensure
贴现 discount
萧条的 sluggish
认购 subscribe to
支票帐户 checking account
货币控制工具 instruments of monetry control
借据 IOUs(I owe you)
本票 promissory notes
货币总监 controller of the currency
拖收系统 collection system
支票清算或结算 check clearing
资金划拨 transfer of funds
可以相信的证实 credentials
改革 fashion
被缠住 entangled
货币联盟 Monetary Union
再购协议 repo
精明的讨价还价交易 horse-trading
欧元 euro
公共债务 membership criteria
汇率机制 REM
储备货币 reserve currency
劳动密集型 labor-intensive
股票交易所 bourse
竞争领先 frontrun
牛市 bull market
非凡的牛市 a raging bull
规模经济 scale economcies
买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价 bid-ask spreads
期货（股票） futures
经济商行 brokerage firm
回报率 rate of return
股票 equities
违约 default
现金外流 cash drains
经济人佣金 brokerage fee
存款单 CD(certificate of deposit)
营业额 turnover
资本市场 capital market
布雷顿森林体系 The Bretton Woods System
经常帐户 current account
套利者 arbitrager
远期汇率 forward exchange rate
即期汇率 spot rate
实际利率 real interest rates
货币政策工具 tools of monetary policy
银行倒闭 bank failures
跨国公司 MNC ( Multi-National Corporation)
商业银行 commercial bank
商业票据 comercial paper
利润 profit
本票，期票 promissory notes
监督 to monitor
佣金（经济人） commission brokers
套期保值 hedge
有价证券平衡理论 portfolio balance theory
外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves
固定汇率 fixed exchange rate
浮动汇率 floating/flexible exchange rate
货币选择权（期货） currency option
套利 arbitrage
合约价 exercise price
远期升水 forward premium
多头买升 buying long
空头卖跌 selling short
按市价订购股票 market order
股票经纪人 stockbroker
国际货币基金 the IMF
七国集团 the G-7
监督 surveillance
同业拆借市场 interbank market
可兑换性 convertibility
软通货 soft currency
限制 restriction
交易 transaction
充分需求 adequate demand
短期外债 short term external debt
汇率机制 exchange rate regime
直接标价 direct quotes
资本流动性 mobility of capital
赤字 deficit
本国货币 domestic currency
外汇交易市场 foreign exchange market
国际储备 international reserve
利率 interest rate
资产 assets
国际收支 balance of payments
贸易差额 balance of trade
繁荣 boom
债券 bond
资本 captial
资本支出 captial expenditures
商品 commodities
商品交易所 commodity exchange
期货合同 commodity futures contract
普通股票 common stock
联合大企业 conglomerate
货币贬值 currency devaluation
通货紧缩 deflation
折旧 depreciation
贴现率 discount rate
归个人支配的收入 disposable personal income
从业人员 employed person
汇率 exchange rate
财政年度fiscal year
自由企业 free enterprise
国民生产总值 gross antional product
库存 inventory
劳动力人数 labor force
债务 liabilities
市场经济 market economy
合并 merger
货币收入 money income
跨国公司 Multinational Corproation
个人收入 personal income
优先股票 preferred stock
价格收益比率 price-earning ratio
优惠贷款利率 prime rate
利润 profit
回报 return on investment
使货币升值 revaluation
薪水 salary
季节性调整 seasonal adjustment
关税 tariff
失业人员 unemployed person
效用 utility
价值 value
工资 wages
工资价格螺旋上升 wage-price spiral
收益 yield
补偿贸易 compensatory trade, compensated deal
储蓄银行 saving banks
欧洲联盟 the European Union
单一的实体 a single entity
抵押贷款 mortgage lending
业主产权 owner's equity
普通股 common stock
无形资产 intangible assets
收益表 income statement
营业开支 operating expenses
行政开支 administrative expenses
现金收支一览表 statement of cash flow
贸易中的存货 inventory
收益 proceeds
投资银行 investment bank
机构投资者 institutional investor
垄断兼并委员会 MMC
招标发行 issue by tender
定向发行 introduction
代销 offer for sale
直销 placing
公开发行 public issue
信贷额度 credit line
国际债券 international bonds
欧洲货币Eurocurrency
利差 interest margin
以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款 leveraged loan
权利股发行 rights issues
净收入比例结合 net income gearing
付款方法 mode of payment
现金付款 payment by cash||cash payment||payment by ready cash
以支票支付 payment by cheque
以汇票支付 payment by bill
以物品支付 payment in kind
付清||支付全部货款 payment in full||full payment
支付部分货款||分批付款 payment in part||part payment||partial payment
记帐付款||会计帐目内付款 payment on account
定期付款 payment on term
年分期付款 annual payment
月分期付款 monthly payment||monthly instalment
延滞付款 payment in arrear
预付货||先付 payment in advance||prepayment
延付货款 deferred payment
立即付款 prompt payment||immediate payment
暂付款 suspense payment
延期付款 delay in payment||extension of payment
支付票据 payment bill
名誉支付||干与付款 payment for honour||payment by intervention
结帐||清算||支付 settlement
分期付款 instalment
滞付||拖欠||尾数款未付 arrears
特许拖延付款日 days of grace
保证付款 del credere
付款 to pay||to make payment||to make effect payment
结帐 to settle||to make settlement||to make effect settlement||to square||to balance
支出||付款 to defray||to disburse
结清 to clear off||to pya off
请求付款 to ask for payment||to request payment
恳求付帐 to solicit payment
拖延付款 to defer payment||to delay payment
付款被拖延 to be in arrears with payment
还债 to discharge
迅速付款 to pay promptly
付款相当迅速 to pay moderately well||to pay fairly well||to keep the engagements regularly
付款相当慢 to pay slowly||to take extended credit
付款不好 to pay badly||to be generally in arrear with payments
付款颇为恶劣 to pay very badly||to never pay unless forced
拒绝付款 to refuse payment||to refuse to pay||to dishonour a bill
相信能收到款项 We shall look to you for the payment||We shall depend upon you for the payment ||We expect payment from you
惠请付款 kindly pay the amount||please forward payment||please forward a cheque.
我将不得不采取必要步骤运用法律手段收回该项货款 I shall be obliged to take the necessary steps to legally recover the amount. ||I shall be compelled to take steps to enforce payment.
惠请宽限 let the matter stand over till then.||allow me a short extension of time. ||Kindly postpone the time for payment a little longer.
索取利息 to charge interest
附上利息 to draw interest||to bear interest||to allow interest
生息 to yield interest
生息3% to yield 3%
存款 to deposit in a bank||to put in a bank||to place on deposit||to make deposit
在银行存款 to have money in a bank||to have a bank account||to have money on deposit
向银行提款 to withdraw one's deposit from a bank
换取现金 to convert into money||to turn into cash||to realize
折扣用语 从价格打10%的折扣 to make a discount of 10% off the price||to make 10% discount off the price
打折扣购买 to buy at a discount
打折扣出售 to sell at a discount
打折扣-让价 to reduce||to make a reduction
减价 to deduct||to make a deduction
回扣 to rebate
现金折扣 cash discount
货到付款||现金提货 cash on deliver (C.O.D.)
货到付现款 cash on arrival
即时付款 prompt cash
净价||最低价格付现 net cash
现金付款 ready cash
即期付款 spot cash||cash down||cash on the nail
凭单据付现款 cash against documents
凭提单付现款 cash against bills of lading
承兑交单 documents against acceptance (D/A)
付款交单 documents against payment (D/P)

折扣例文

除非另有说明，30日后全额付现，如有错误，请立即通知。
Net cash 30 days unless specified otherwise. Advise promptly if incorrect.
付款条件：30日后全额付现，10日后付现打2%折扣，过期后付款时，加上利率为6%的利息。
Terms, net cash 30 days, or, less 2% 10 days. Interest charged at the rate of 6% after maturity. 付款条件：月底后10日后付现2%折扣，现在付现3%折扣，否则，全额付现。
Terms: 2%, 10 days E.O.M., or 3% cash, otherwise strictly net.

信用证用语

追加信用证 additional credit||additional L/C
信用证金额 amount of credit
赊帐金额 credit balance
可撤消信用证 revocable L/C
不可撤消信用证 irrevocable L/C
保兑信用证 confirmed L/C
不保兑信用证 unconfirmed L/C
可转让信用证 assignable L/C||transferable L/C
银行信用证 banker's L/C
有追索权信用证 with recourse L/C
无追索权信用证 without recourse L/C
单一信用证 simple credit
无条件信用证 open credit||free credit
普通信用证 general letter of credit
旅行信用证 circular letter of credit
非凡信用证 special letter of credit
信用证底帐 letter of credit ledger
信用证发行帐 letter of credit issued account
信用证金额 amount of credit
信用证余额||信用证结欠 credit balance
开立信用证 to open a credit
通过银行开立信用证 to establish a credit through a bank
电开信用证 to cable a credit
取消信用证 to cancel a credit
开出信用证 to issue a credit
在某银行开立信用证 to arrange a credit with a bank
修改信用证 to amend a credit
延展信用证有效期 to extend a credit
增加信用证面额 to increase a credit
寄出信用证 to send a credit
请发给信用证 to take out a credit

信用证例文

我们已开出以贵方为受益人的保兑信用证。
We nave opened a confirmed credit in your favour.
以贵方为受益人，我们开出不可撤消的的保兑信用证。
We have opened a confirmed and irrevocable credit in your favour.
我们被请求已开出以贵方为受益人的信用证，特此通知。
We are pleased to inform you that we have been requested to open a credit in your favour.
我们已开出商业信用证，特此通知。
We intimate to you that we have issued a commercial letter of credit.

银行用语

请入收款人的户号 account payee
请支付票款 advice to pay cheques
惠请通知该支票的经过 advise fate
金额有错误 accounts differ
文字与数字所记载金额不同 words and figures differ
签名有误|印鉴不符 signatures differ
请明天再次提出为荷 present again tomorrow
保证付款 good for payment
请照会发票人 refer to drawee (R.D.)
无交易 no account
款额不足||存款不足 not sufficient (N.S.)||no sufficient funds (N.S.F.)
已无存款 no funds
如支票不获兑现时, 不必出具拒绝证书。 notto be protested in case of dishonour||protest waived||no protest
需要出具拒绝证书 to be protested
没有通知 no advice
未受指示 no orders
禁止转让||不可转让 non-transferable||not transferable
已付款 received payment||payment received
上开价金已收到 value received||for value received
上开价金系经核算 value in account
上开金额与发票相同 value as per invoice
上开金额与通知书相符 value as per advice
无追索权 without recourse
有追索权||偿还请求权 right of recourse
请求偿还清单||清偿帐户 recourse account
偿还预备金 recourse fund
拒绝偿还||拒绝追索 recourse repudiation

银行业务例文

定期存款的条件为年利6%，存期6个月以上，只要金额1,000元，我们均乐意接受。
We shall be pleased to receive a fixed deposit for any amount more than $1,000, for a period over six months at the rate of 6% p.a.
谨同函寄上新开定期存款第500号存折一份，面额100,000元，请查收为荷。该面额等于您寄来换新的旧存折本金加上利息之和。
Enclosed please find a new deposit certificate No. 500 for $100,000, which represents the principal and interest of the old certificate you sent us for renewal.
如存款为100元以上，我们将乐意接受。
We shall be glad to receive deposits of 100 yen and upward.

结算

到目前为止，我公司应收帐尚有二万美元。兹奉上结算报告书一份，敬请查收为荷。
Enclosed we hand you a statement of account to date, showing a balance of $20,000 in our favour, which we trust will be found in order.
上开帐目，现正核对, 如无错误，将遵照贵公司的指示，将转入新开的帐户内。
This account is under examination, and if found correct, it shall be carried to a new account, in conformity with your instructions.
您昨日函敬悉。兹遵照贵方请求，同函附上结算报告书，敬请惠予查收为荷。
Your favour of yesterday was duly received, and we hand you herewith a statement of your account as requested, which we hope you will find correct.
兹奉上棒铁总价为512,000元清单一份，恳请列入我公司贷方帐项为荷。
We hand you our account on the bar iron, amounting to $512,000, which kindly pass to our credit.

请求付款

恳请速予汇款为荷。
an early remittance will be appreciated.
迟付的60美元, 请速予寄下为荷。
Please let us have your check for the $60 now past overdue.
有鉴于此，相信贵方将随复函寄来支票, 特此致谢。
With these facts before you, we feel sure that you will send us your check by return mail. Thank you.
我们恳求，对此部分能速予结帐为荷。
We urge that you make this settlement without delay.
何不立即对此案作一结算？请在今日将支票随函发出即可。
Why not settle this matter now? Just attach your check to this letter, and send it by today's mail.

催告付款

为加清本帐目，我方多次催促，但未有任何效果。所以为收回本帐款项，预备向法院起诉，特此通知。
Having made repeated applications for apyment of this amount without avail, we now give you notice that we shall take out a summons for recovery of the same
下星期一以前未能清结本件款项，不得已，将委任我公司顾问律师处理。
We wish to state that if the account be not paid by Monday next, we shall be forced to place the matter in the hands o four solicitors.
贵方虽多次答应付款结帐，但迄今尚未结清。如在本月底以前，尚未拔款结清，只好委托我公司顾问律师处理。
In spite of your repeated promises to let us have a cheque, we are still without a settlement of your outstanding account, and therefore, unless same is settled by the end of this month, we shall be compelled to hand over the matter to our solicitor.
对于此事，贵方似乎在趁机利用我公司的宽容态度。本函系最后通告所，复函时请汇足够金额，以结此帐，否则只好采取其它途径，特此函告。
As you seem to take advantage of you leniency in this matter, we now give you the final notice that, unless we shall receive a substantial amount on account by return of post, we shall adopt other measures for its recovery.
会计报表 statement of account
往来帐目 account current
现在往来帐||存款额 current accout
销货帐 account sales
共同计算帐项 joint account
未决帐项 outstanding account
贷方帐项 credit account||creditor account
借方帐项 debit account||debtor account
应付帐||应付未付帐 account payable
应收帐||应收未收帐 account receivable
新交易||新帐 new account
未决帐||老帐 old account
现金帐 cash account
流水帐 running account
暂记帐||未定帐 suspense account
过期帐||延滞帐 overdue account||pastdue account
杂项帐户 sundry account
具体帐单||明细表 detail account
呆帐 bad account
会计项目 title of account
会计薄||帐薄 account-book
营业报告书||损益计算表 account of budiness||business report
借贷细帐||交验帐 account rendered
明细帐 account stated
与... 银行开立一户头 to open an account with
与... 银行建立交易 to keep account with
继续记帐 to keep account
与... 有交易 to have an account with
作成会计帐||有往来帐项 to make out an account with
清算||清理债务 to make up an account
清洁帐目||与……停止交易 to close one's account with
结帐 to close an account
清理未付款 to ask an account||to demand an account
结清差额 to balance the account with
清算 to settle an account||to liquidate an account||to square an account
审查帐目||监查帐目 to audit an account
检查帐目 to examine an account
转入A的帐户 to charge the amount to A's account
以计帐方式付款 to pay on account
代理某人||为某人 on one's account||on account of one
为自己计算||独立帐目 on one's own account
由某人收益并负风险 on one's account and risk||for one's account and risk
由某人负担 for one's account||for account of one
按某人指示||列入某人帐户 by order and for account of one
列入5月份帐目 for May account
编入某中帐项下 to pass to the account of||to place to the account of
寄出清算书 to send in an account||to send in render an account

支票用语

支票薄 cheque book
支票陈票人 cheque drawer
持票人 cheque holder
不记名支票 cheque to bearer||bearer cheque
记名支票||认人支票 cheque to order
到期支票 antedated cheque
未到期支票 postdated cheque
保付支票 certified cheque
未获兑现支票，退票 returned cheque
横线支票 crossed cheque
普通横线 general crossing
非凡横线 special crossing
空白支票 blank cheque
失效支票，过期支票 stale cheque
普通支票 open cheque
打10%折扣的10000元支票，（即9000元） a cheque for $10,000, less 10% discount
加10%费用的10000元支票，（即11000元） a cheque for $10,000, plus 10% charges
支票换现金||兑现 to cash a cheque
清理票款 to clear a cheque
保证兑现 to certify a cheque
填写支票数额 to fill up a cheque
支票上划线 to cross a cheque
开发支票 to make out a cheque
签发支票，开立支票 to draw a cheque||to issue a cheque
透支支票 to overdraw a cheque
背书支票 to endorse a cheque
清付票款 to pay a cheque||to honour a cheque
支票退票 to dishonour a cheque
拒付支票 to refuse a cheque
拒付支票 to stop payment of a cheque
提示要求付款 to present for payment
见票即付持票人 payable to bearer
支付指定人 payable to order
已过期||无效 out of date||stale
请给出票人 R/D||refer to drawer
存款不足 N/S||N.S.F.||not sufficient funds||I/F||insufficient funds
文字与数字不一致 words and figures differ
支票交换时间已过 account closed
更改处应加盖印章 alterations require initials
交换时间已过 effects not cleared
停止付款 payment stopped
支票毁损 cheque mutilated

汇款用语

汇款||寄钱 to remit||to send money
寄票供取款||支票支付 to send a cheque for payment
寄款人 a remitter
收款人 a remittee

汇票汇单用语

国外汇票 foreign Bill
国内汇票 inland Bill
跟单汇票 documentary bill
空头汇票 accommodation bill
原始汇票 original bill
改写||换新票据 renewed bill
即期汇票 sight bill||bill on demand
... days after date||... days' after date ... 日后付款
... months after date||... months' after date ... 月后付款
见票后……日付款…… days' after sight||... days' sight
见票后……月付款…… months' after sight||... months' sight
同组票据 set of bills
单张汇票 sola of exchange||sole of exchange
远期汇票 usance bill||bill at usance
长期汇票 long bill
短期汇票 short bill
逾期汇票 overdue bill
宽限日期 days of grace
电汇 telegraphic transfer (T.T)
邮汇 postal order||postal note (Am.)||post office order||money order
本票 promissory note (P/N)
押汇负责书||押汇保证书 letter of hypothecation
副保||抵押品||付属担保物 collateral security
担保书 trust receipt||letter of indemnity
承兑||认付 acceptance
单张承兑 general acceptance
有条件承兑 qualified acceptance
附条件认付 conditional acceptance
部分认付 partial acceptance
拒付||退票 dishonour
拒绝承兑而退票 dishonour by non-acceptance
由于存款不足而退票 dihonour by non-payment
提交 presentation
背书 endorsement||indorsement
无记名背书 general endorsement||blank endorsement
记名式背书 special endorsement||full endorsement
附条件背书 conditional endorsement
限制性背书 restrictive endorsement
无追索权背书 endorsement without recourse
期满||到期 maturity
托收 collection
新汇票||再兑换汇票 re-exchange||re-draft
外汇交易 exchange dealing||exchange deals
汇兑合约 exchange contract
汇兑合约预约 forward exchange contract
外汇行情 exchange quotation
交易行情表 course of exchange||exchange table
汇价||兑换率 exchange rate||rate of exchange
官方汇率 official rate
挂牌汇率||名义汇率 nominal rate
现汇汇率 spot rate
电汇汇率||电汇率|| T.T. rate||telegraphic transfer rate
兑现率||兑现汇率 demand rate
长期汇率 long rate
私人汇票折扣率 rate on a private bill
远期汇票兑换率 forward rate
套价||套汇汇率||裁定外汇行情 cross rate
付款汇率 pence rate
当日汇率||成交价 currency rate
套汇||套价||公断交易率 arbitrage
汇票交割||汇票议付 negotiation of draft
交易人||议付人 negotiator
票据交割||让与支票票据议付 to negotiatie a bill
折扣交割||票据折扣 to discount a bill
票据背书 to endorse a bill
应付我差额51,000美元 a balance due to us of $51,000||a balance in our favour of $ 51,000
收到汇款 to receive remittance
填写收据 to make out a receipt
经济类词汇

economist 经济学家
socialist economy 社会主义经济
capitalist economy 资本主义经济
collective economy 集体经济
planned economy 计划经济
controlled economy 管制经济
rural economics 农村经济
liberal economy 自由经济
mixed economy 混合经济
political economy 政治经济学
protectionism 保护主义
autarchy 闭关自守
primary sector 初级成分
private sector 私营成分,私营部门
public sector 公共部门,公共成分
economic channels 经济渠道
economic balance 经济平衡
economic fluctuation 经济波动
economic depression 经济衰退
economic stability 经济稳定
economic policy 经济政策
economic recovery 经济复原
understanding 约定
concentration 集中
holding company 控股公司
trust 托拉斯
cartel 卡特尔
rate of growth 增长
economic trend 经济趋势
economic situation 经济形势
infrastructure 基本建设
standard of living 生活标准,生活水平
purchasing power, buying power 购买力
scarcity 短缺
stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气
underdevelopment 不发达
underdeveloped 不发达的
developing 发展中的
initial capital 创办资本
frozen capital 冻结资金
frozen assets 冻结资产
fixed assets 固定资产
real estate 不动产,房地产
circulating capital, working capital 流动资本
available capital 可用资产
capital goods 资本货物
reserve 预备金,储备金
calling up of capital 催缴资本
allocation of funds 资金分配
contribution of funds 资金捐献
working capital fund 周转基金
revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金
contingency fund 意外开支,预备金
reserve fund 预备金
buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金
sinking fund 偿债基金
investment 投资,资产
investor 投资人
self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给
bank 银行
current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)
current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)
cheque 支票 (美作:check)
bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票
crossed cheque 划线支票
traveller's cheque 旅行支票
chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)
endorsement 背书
transfer 转让,转帐,过户
money 货币
issue 发行
ready money 现钱
cash 现金
ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠
change 零钱
banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)
to pay (in) cash 付现金
domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币
convertibility 可兑换性
convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币
exchange rate 汇率,兑换率
foreign exchange 外汇
floating exchange rate 浮动汇率
free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场
foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券
hard currency 硬通货
speculation 投机
saving 储装,存款
depreciation 减价,贬值
devaluation (货币)贬值
revaluation 重估价
runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀
deflation 通货紧缩
capital flight 资本外逃
securities business 证券市场
stock exchange 股票市场
stock exchange corporation 证券交易所
stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所
quotation 报价,牌价
share 股份,股票
shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东
dividend 股息,红利
cash dividend 现金配股
stock investment 股票投资
investment trust 投资信托
stock-jobber 股票经纪人
stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司
securities 有价证券
share, common stock 普通股
preference stock 优先股
income gain 股利收入
issue 发行股票
par value 股面价格, 票面价格
bull 买手, 多头
bear 卖手, 空头
assigned 过户
opening price 开盘
closing price 收盘
hard times 低潮
business recession 景气衰退
doldrums 景气停滞
dull 盘整
ease 松弛
raising limit 涨停板
break 暴跌
bond, debenture 债券
Wall Street 华尔街

short term loan 短期贷款
long term loan 长期贷款
medium term loan 中期贷款
lender 债权人
creditor 债权人
debtor 债务人,借方
borrower 借方,借款人
borrowing 借款
interest 利息
rate of interest 利率
discount 贴现,折扣
rediscount 再贴现
annuity 年金
maturity 到期日,偿还日
amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付
redemption 偿还
insurance 保险
mortgage 抵押
allotment 拨款
short term credit 短期信贷
consolidated debt 合并债务
funded debt 固定债务,长期债务
floating debt 流动债务
drawing 提款,提存
aid 援助
allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴

cost 成本,费用
expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出
fixed costs 固定成本
overhead costs 营业间接成本
overheads 杂项开支,间接成本
operating costs 生产费用,营业成本
operating expenses 营业费用
running expenses 日常费用,经营费用
miscellaneous costs 杂项费用
overhead expenses 间接费用,治理费用
upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用
transport costs 运输费用
social charges 社会负担费用
contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用
apportionment of expenses 分摊费用

income 收入,收益
earnings 利润,收益
gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益
gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额
net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额
average income 平均收入
national income 国民收入
profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率
yield 产量收益,收益率
increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值

duty 税
taxation system 税制
taxation 征税,纳税
fiscal charges 财务税收
progressive taxation 累进税制
graduated tax 累进税
value added tax 增值税
income tax 所得税
land tax 地租,地价税
excise tax 特许权税
basis of assessment 估税标准
taxable income 须纳税的收入
fiscality 检查
tax-free 免税的
tax exemption 免税
taxpayer 纳税人
tax collector 收税员

国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)
人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP
产值 output value
鼓励 give incentive to
投入 input
宏观控制 exercise macro-control
优化经济结构 optimize the economic structure
输入活力 bring vigor into
改善经济环境 improve economic environment
整顿经济秩序 rectify economic order
有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation
非公有成分 non-public sectors
主要成分 dominant sector
实在的 tangible
全体会议 plenary session
解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley
举措 move
实事求是 seek truth from facts
引进、输入 importation
和平演变 peaceful evolution
试一下 have a go (at sth.)
精华、精粹、实质 quintessence
家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system
搞活企业 invigorate enterprises
商品经济 commodity economy
基石 cornerstone
零售 retail
发电量 electric energy production
有色金属 nonferrous metals
人均收入 per capita income
使负担 be saddled with
营业发达的公司 going concerns
被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business
善于接受的 receptive
增额、增值、增长 increment
发展过快 excessive growth
抽样调查 data from the sample survey
扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)
实际增长率 actual growth rate
国际收支 international balance of payments
流通制度 circulation system
总工资 total wages
分配形式 forms of distribution
风险资金 risk funds
治理不善 poor management

农业 farming
林业 forestry
畜牧业 animal husbandry
副业 sideline production
渔业 fishing
第一产业 primary industry
第二产业 secondary industry
第三产业 tertiary industry
生产资料 means of production
生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence
生产关系 relations of production
生产力 productive forces
公有制 public ownership
私有制 private ownership
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people
社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership
厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
合资企业 joint venture
合作企业 cooperative enterprise
独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise


一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points
以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放
the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.
改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。
Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."
我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。
The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.
社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。
The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.
要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，非凡是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。
to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.
中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。
China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation.
资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。
Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.
随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。
As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.
初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.


各尽所能，按劳/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.
经济结构改革。
reform in economic structure
剩余劳动力。
surplus labor
经营机制
operative mechanism
发挥市场的调节作用
to give play to the regulatory role of the market
经济和法律的杠杆
economic and legal leverages
经济计划和市场调节相结合
to combine economic planning with market regulation
计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制
a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation
取消国家对农产品的统购统销
to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products
改革重点转移到城市
the focus of reform is shifted to the cities
国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设
The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.
逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.
社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。
The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.
国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。
The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.
国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。
The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.

China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T.
中国国际贸易促进委员会
National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会
Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会
Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会
British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会
International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会
International Union of Marine Insurance 国际海洋运输保险协会
International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会
Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟
Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会
United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会
Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织
European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 欧洲经济共同体
European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易联盟
European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲自由贸易区
Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会
Eurogroup 欧洲集团
Group of Ten 十国集团
Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会
Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会
Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA
加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易同盟）
Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场
Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由贸易联盟
Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场
African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织
East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场
Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟
West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织
Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区
Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade
法国对外贸易中心
People's Bank of China 中国人民银行
Bank of China 中国银行
International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行
World Bank 世界银行
International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会
International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定
International Monetary Found, IMF 国际货币基金组织
European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟
European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金
Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行
African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行
Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行
National city Bank of New York 花旗银行
American Oriental Banking Corporation 美丰银行
American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行
The Chase Bank 大通银行
Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行
European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行
Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行
United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行
Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行
Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行
Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行
International Finance Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司
La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体
Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会
United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署
United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金
United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议
Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织
Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会
Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会
Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会
Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亚经济委员会
Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会
Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司
New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所
London Stock Market 伦敦股票市场
Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所

风竹剑客

谢谢

joydice

爱尚是是

葡萄未熟时

非常不错。

abordinary

楼主好人呐~

浙江杭州

谢谢