我觉得考研英文高分写作必须具备的常见替换!

zhouwengang

我觉得写作要想取得高分应该掌握的基本替换及搭配：
1、员工（工人）：people、worker、employee、staff
2、人类： human beings、humans、humankind、humanity、people、person、folks、individual、staff、→player、contestant、participant、
3、工资: pay、income、wage、salary、payment、earning、paycheck、have a greener paycheck、
  花费：expense、cost、revenue、investment、fortunes、funding、capital、fiscal、
4、通过(方式):by、though、via、by means of
5、Google：the search giant、the world’s largest search engine、the search champion、the defending champion、the California company、the public company上市公司、the NASDAQ-listed company、the blue-chip company蓝筹股、
6、President Bush：the US government、the Federal government、the Bush       Administration、the Administration、lame duck(跛脚鸭)
7、Beckham: one of the most recognized faces in the global soccer field
8、China：the country、the nation、the Middle Kingdom、the emerging country、this ancient land、this land、the rising power、the United States`largest economic competitor.
9、Recover: revive、pick up、rebound / Recovery =revival
10、Recession : slump、slide、slip、downturn、depression、
11、fashion(方法)：in a similar fashion、in a similar、in a similar manner、vocation
12、trend：phenomenon、tendency、tide/irreversible trend、unstoppable trend、reverse the trend
13、shift: change sth (fundamentally/dramatically/sharply/substantially)
14、spot(v)：see、catch、recognize、catch sight of、pick up. Ex. He has good eye for spotting mistakes.他识别错误的洞察力很强。
15、spot(n):斑点，1)on the spot=at once/immediately、/2)at the place of the action.在现场
16、evidence：proof→in evidence显而易见、ex. She was in evidence at the party. 他在舞会上很突出。
17、somehow无论如何、不知怎么搞的：by some means、in some way、for some reasons unknown
18、somewhat：a little
19、relationship：Modify/improve + the relationship
terminate /stop/halt + the relationship
consolidate巩固/ establish建立 + the relationship
resume/restore + the relationship
20、endanger: jeopardize ex. Endangered species act/bill 濒危物种法案
21、竞争力: remain/ enhance=sharpen competitive 保持/提高竞争力、competitiveness =competitive advantage=competitive edge
22、老年人：the old、the elderly、the aged、aged folks、seniors citizens、people in their retirement years、retiree
23、cost: bear the cost/shoulder the cost承担成本、cover the cost=expense支付成本、shared cost 共同的成本、bear the intolerable huge cost、
24、shared: shared/mutual/common goal
25、critical(adj): criticize(vt)、critics批评家、criticism批评、Speak critically of 反义 think highly of 、be critical of/from
Ex. At lease sixteen armed policemen were killed,5 critically/seriously/severely/ 反义 slightly injured.
26、average: The price averaged $15.=The average price was $15.
27、show：prove、demonstrate、indicate、reveal、display、
28、be revealed: be disclosed、be exposed
29、over：rather than、instead of、
30、famous：prominent、distinguished、renowned、outstanding、top 、respected受人尊敬的→respectable值得尊敬的人→respectable-looking看起来值 得尊敬(实际不是)
31、worsen：deteriorate  ex. The worsening situation can be attributed to the rise in oil prices.
32、historically：from historical perspective
33、factor: element、ingredient. ex. The trend is driven by a couple of factors/elements/ingredients.= Several factors are the driving forces behind the tide/trend.
34、however: nevertheless、nonethless
35、declaration: proclamation
36、diversity: variety
37、a win-win situation/circumstance/case/occasion/climate/atmosphere/
environment  双赢的局面
38、stress: emphasize、place emphasis on、
39、win/taste/score success 取得成功
40、close/fill/plug/bridge the gap 弥补代沟、widen/narrow the gap、
41、数位时代：digital/electronic age/times/period/era
42、surplus：deficit
43、穷人：the economically disadvantaged、the poor、the economically less advantage、the needy、the underprivileged、people living below the poverty line、the marginalized group urbanize、
44、discard：abandon、forsake A for B、drop、give up、
45、cultivate: train、nurture、foster、forge
46、increase: pick up、grow
47、reduce: trim、decrease、
48、climate: mood、atmosphere、
49、reward: return、
50、system: mechanism、51、control：tighten\intense one’s control over sth 反 loosen one’s control over sth、→tighten the border 加强边防
We’re in control=we’re in charge 在我们的控制中。
We’re under control我们被控制。
Lose control of sth反take control of sth
52、bill: act、initiative、measure、ex. draft bill草案、draft the bill 起草法案、veto the bill否决法案、sign the bill签署法案、pass the bill=the passage of the bill通过法案、foot the bill 埋单、anti-trust bill反垄断法、
53、legislator：law-maker、→legislation、legalized drugs合法化的毒品、
54、translate: translate into转化为、free translate意译、literal translate直译（注意与literary、literate、liberal的区别）、oral translation = Interpretation、
55、interpretation: interpretation of dreams梦的解析、interpretation of legislation 法律上的解释、interpretation of genuine papers 真题解析、
56、offset：compensate
57、really: truly
58、manufacturers: maker、producers
59、购买力：purchasing/buying/spending + power→boost one`s buying power 推动购买力
60、consequently: as a consequence(一般跟不好的情况)
61、endless: a large slice of
62、Net-surfer: net citizen、netizen→net café网吧
63、symbolize: be symbolic of、be a symbol of
64、flawless: perfect反义→imperfect=flaw
65、monitor: class president
66、enough: adequate、sufficient、abundant
67、grab /grasp/capture/sizen  this golden opportunity抓住这次大好良机
68、sth is my No1/priority/top.
69、positive阳性 反 negative阴性
70、繁荣: boom、prosper、thrive、flourish、exuberant、
71、magnify: amplify
72、企业： business、firm、corporation、company、enterprise、
73、convey：communicate传达
74、appealing: 吸引人的，上诉
75、extend：prolong（时间上）
76、notion: Challenge the long-held notion.挑战被人们长久所持有的观念。
77、particular：be particular about = be selective about
78、dweller: resident、inhabitant、ex. People inhabiting(不用living、dwelling、residing) the planet.
79、robust: strong→muscular肌肉发达的、dynamic精力充沛的
80、preach: advocate
81、send: emit、deliver、
82、subjective主观的 反 objective客观的
83、ship: vessel
84、收购：acquire
85、technique具体的技术、≠ technology
86、lasting: enduring、continuous、
87、settle: dispose→unsettled dispute未解决的争议
88、sacred: holy、solemn、
89、位于：lie、stand、locate(vt.)、situate(vt)、ex. An American team explored a temple which stands /lies / is located/is situated in an ancient city .
90、sparse 反dense、ex. This area is sparsely populated. 反 The area is densely populated.
91、under(prep、方位)：beneath、
92、reconstruct: restore、put together、piece together、recover
93、privilege(好处): advantage  ex. sacrifice one’s privilege/advantage
94、triumph: victory、over sb、
95、philosopher: thinker
96、column→columnist→ syndicated columnist垄断性
97、similar→similarity
98、adult = grown-ups、children = kids
99、adolescent: teenage = people in their teens
100、rate: incidence 101、promise≈ guarantee（语气比promise肯定）
102、storm: 爆发，抗议的规模与强度
103、add/subtract/multiply/divide：加减乘除
104、计算：compute、calculate、statistical、statistics、data、figures
105、information: data
106、abuse one’s power滥用权力、power the auto为汽车提供能源/能量、power failure断电，停电、→kidney failure肾衰竭、
107、behind the times：过时
108、swing: fluctuation波动
109、方面： respect、aspect、dimension、facet、sphere、→ semi-circle半圆、hemisphere球体、→ semi-colonial Korea半殖民化的韩国
110、maximize 反minimize
111、珍惜：cherish、treasure、value、place a high value on、prize、
112、Whites白人: Caucasians →Hispanics西班牙裔人、
113、tainted / contaminated / polluted milk、tainted 最常用，其次contaminated，再次polluted。
114、cover: cover story封面报道、cover girl封面女郎、cover the event报道事件、cover me掩护我、→news coverage 新闻报道、live coverage现场报道、reality show纪实性节目
115、limit: reach one’s limit、test one’s limit、
116、optimistic谨慎乐观 反 pessimistic cautiously approving谨慎的支持
117、upset the delicate balance：打破脆弱的平衡
118、stake：愿意为赛马中的赌注→风险ex. The scientific stakes here are high.科学的风险/回报很高（根据上下文意思定）。
119、Climate：mood  
120、engaging：charming  
121、inadequacy：weakness
122、Pursuit/jobs/field/
123、robust：active、→robust growth、
124、vulnerable：weak、
125、offset：compensate、
126、concede：admit、
127、合作：cooperation、collaboration（with sb on sth）、team spirit
128、隔阂： gap、barrier、chasm、gulf、crack、
129、responsibility: commitment
130、profession: vocation
131、支持者：advocate、enthusiast、supporter、
132、残酷的： cruel、inhuman、vicious、harsh
133、合并：combination、merger、acquisition、consolidation
134、对手：rival、competitor、opponent、
135、疗法： cure、therapy、
136、汽车：motorcar、auto、automobile、
137、包括：include、encompass
138、combat with: battle with、fight with、fight against、
139、support:  be support of、approve、favor、back、assist、in sympathy with sb/sth、
140、法案：bill、act、measure、initiative、
141、判决：ruling、dominate、reign、decision、
142、moral: moral values、value traditional morals、conventional wisdom、
143、at first、initially、previously、originally、formerly、
144、eventually: finally、ultimately、currently、presently、
145、join: enlist
146、overrate: overmate
147、Startle/astonish/
148、Expert/professional
149、Confer/present
150、action: move、151noteworthy/pronounced/outstangding/impressive/exceptional/unusual/special/remarkable/elite/notable/famous/distinguished(形容人)/prominent/renowned/top
152、At the peak of= at the top of
153、average: mean、
154、enormously: greatly、immensely、disproportionately、
155、outrage：resentment、indignation、ex. Induce resentment、righteous indignation、义愤
156、obtain：take out
157、protection：conservation
158、key: critical、crucial
159、very: exceedingly、extremely、intensely.
160、imagine: visualize
161、unfortunate: regrettable
162、decline: degradation
163、mad: crazy、fanatic、dedicated、ardent、adoring、avid、devoted、keen、
164、decline: degradation
165、encounter: conflict
166、contain: account for
167、roughly: some、an estimated、approximately、around、
168、likelihood: possibility
169、outlook: prospect、picture.
170、a battle/combat/fight against crime、battle/combat/fight crime
171、reliable: anything to go by
172、predecessor反 successor
173、inspire: invigorate
174、mere: meager
175、the further is bleaker/gloomy/pessimistic .
176、receive/win/pocket prize →授予go to prize
177、conduct/perform/run research
178、warn: caution
179、percentage: proportion
180、conflict：encounter
181、boost: prompt、mutual.
182、whilst: while
183、programmer: developer、coder、
184、purchaser：user、customer、buyer、
185、reduce: decrease
186、emerge: advent
187、immediate/prompt/drastic action
188、sit at：is
189、overseas: abroad
190、domestic: homegrown
191、mindless: unconscious
192、track: path、pathways、guide、direct
193、offer/afford/present opportunity
194、transmit: sent to
195、arm: branch
196、dedicated: loyal、faithful、devoted、die-hand fans
197、reviewers: critics
198、批评：attack、ccriticism
199、morality: moral values
200、jobless rate: unemployment rate201、family：household
202、fume：distinction
203、施肥：feed、 fertilize
204、坦承：confess、admire、profess、let out、
205、stress: emphasize、place emphasis on、accentuate→accentuate/emphasize/stress the importance of education →   
put/place a(n) accent/emphasize/stress on the importance of education
206、pressure: stress、tension、
207、always obtainable: often obtainable
208、consistently obtainable: constantly obtainable
209、obtainable: available
210、artificial: synthetic
211、strict: tough
212、sole: only、unique、
213、predict: expect、forecast、
214、virtual: simulated
215、 经济、工业发展：progress、development、advance、advancement、evolvement
216、robot：droid
217、primacy：predominate、
218、无与伦比：best、unparalleled、
219、driving force：impetus、catalyst、
220、mediocrity：ordinariness
221、offspring: descendant
222、defective: faulty、flaw、
223、下降、下跌：drop、decline、decrease、diminish、fall、reduce、
224、ration: ratio
225、剂量：dose、dosage、
226、疼痛：pain、agony、
227、illegitimate: illegal、guilty、
228、功能：role、function、                                                                  
229、解释：explanation、explanatory items、
230、关注：attention、concern、
231、reach: hit
232、globally: around the global/earth/planet
233、global: international、worldwide、
234、undoubtly: no doubt
235、远远超过：far above/beyond/over/surpassing/exceeding
236、fierce/tough/keen/stiffer competition
237、saler: merchant、wholesaler
238、flair: talent
239、part with: disclose
240、media: medium
241、talk: remark、delivery、
242、stomp: stamp
243、natural: unforced
244、准确性: accuracy、precision、
245、存在：existence、presence、
246、独创性：ingenuity、creativity、
247、装置：gizmo、device、assembly、utility、
248、barely: hardly、
249、instantaneously: immediately、
250、结果：impact、effect、consequence、
251、gloomy: pessimistic、
252、履行：fulfill、perform、conduct、
253、trustworthy: credible、dependable、
254、alien: strange、
255、巨大的：great、huge、enormous、gigantic、
256、multinational: multinational corporation、
257、division: divide（n）
258、detrimental :damaging
259、hypersensitive: too sensitive、
260、prominent: important、
261、宣扬：preach、publicize、advocate、
262、挫折：obstacle、setback、difficulty、adverse circumstance、
263、溺爱：coddle、indulge、spoil、pamper（v）、
264、excessive: too much、
265、享有sth: have/enjoy the advantage、have/enjoy a good reputation、
266、rear: raise、
267、作者观点词：
Maintain、consider、think、urge、note、suggest、believe、approve、propose、content、assert、show、reveal、display、prove、acknowledge、reveal、indicate、demonstrate、affirm、hold、discuss、put forward、come up with、point out、take the attitude that、harbor the idea that、view on、stake out、probe into、 I agree with your view: I favor your view、I am in favor of your view、I support your view、I am supportive of your view、sad to say、In my opinion: on my personal level、from my perspective、in my view、my sense is、in my eyes、in my judgment、

zhouwengang

觉得有用的研友可以加我:907691852,空间中有好多我写的文章以及对你们有所帮助的学习资源!我的宗旨是:如何一个进我空间的朋友都将有所感悟与突破!

towerman塔人

学习了，谢谢！

坦克前进1

牛。。