你要说不好找砖头拍我

探花1986

我也不容易 看了回个贴 就为了整点K币   







TEXT ONE
　　Tesco is preparing a legal battle to clear its name of involvement in the dairy price-fixing scandal that has cost consumers £270 million. Failure to prove that it had no part in collusion with other supermarkets and dairy processors may land it with a fine of at least £80 million. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) said yesterday that Asda, Sainsbury's and the former Safeway, plus the dairy companies Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company, had admitted being in a cartel to fix prices for milk, butter and cheese. They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.
　　Officials at the OFT admitted privately that they did not think they would ever discover which company or individual had initiated the pricing formula. But the watchdog recognises that at the time supermarkets were under pressure from politicians and farmers to raise the cost of milk to save dairy farming, though it is not certain that money found its way to farmers. The OFT claimed in September that it had found evidence that the retail chains had passed future milk prices to dairy companies, which then reached a fixed price among themselves.
　　The average cost to each household is thought to be £11.25 over 2002 and 2003. Prices went up an extra 3p on a pint of milk, 15p on a quarter of a pound of butter and 15p on a half pound of cheese. There is no direct recompense for consumers, however, and the money will go to the Treasury. The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims. Farmers For Action, the group of farmers that has led protests over low milk prices since 2000, is seeking legal advice on whether it can now bring a claim for compensation.
　　The OFT investigation is continuing, however, in relation to Tesco, Morrisons and the dairy group Lactalis McLelland, and any legal action is expected to be delayed until that is completed.
　　Tesco was defiant and said that it was preparing a robust defence of its actions. Lucy Neville-Rolfe, its executive director, said: "As we have always said, we acted independently and we did not collude with anyone. Our position is different from our competitors and we are defending our own case vigorously. Our philosophy is to give a good deal to customers."
　　Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making "strong representations" in its defence. A spokeswoman for Lactalis McLelland said that the company was "co-operating" with the OFT. Industry insiders suggested that the three companies were deliberately stalling the OFT investigation.
　　Sainsbury's admitted yesterday that it had agreed to pay £26 million in fines, but denied that it had sought to profiteer. Justin King, the chief executive, said he was disappointed that the company had been penalised for actions meant to help farmers but recognised the benefit of a speedy settlement. Asda declined to say how much it would pay in fines and also said that its intention had been to help farmers under severe financial pressure.
　　1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____
　　[A] Tesco has cost consumers £270 million.
　　[B] Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price.
　　[C] Tesco will be offered a leniency deal of £80 million.
　　[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal.
　　2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?
　　[A] retail chains.
　　[B] farmers.
　　[C] dairy companies.
　　[D] politicians
　　3. The word "defiant" (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means _____.
　　[A] resisiting
　　[B] angry
　　[C] deficient
　　[D] confident
　　4. We may infer from Morrisons' statement that _____.
　　[A]  Morrisons was uncooperative with OFT.
　　[B]  Morrisons was reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business.
　　[C] Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation.
　　[D] Morrisons was working hard to defend its interests.
　　5. The writer's attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____.
　　[A] biased.
　　[B] objective.
　　[C] sympathetic.
　　[D] optimistic.
篇章剖析：
　　本文介绍了目前奶制品公司因内部设定价格而面临受到的调查和处罚的状况。第一段由Tesco公司目前正在通过法律解决自己面临的困境引出本文的话题；第二段是追溯牛奶价格上涨的原因；第三段是讲述牛奶价格上涨对消费者的损害；第四段又回到Tesco事件上，描述了其态度；第五段和第六段讲述其他相关公司对该事件的看法和态度。
　　词汇注释：
　　processor n. 加工者                        
　　cartel n. 卡特尔, 联合企业, 垄断集团
　　leniency n. 宽大，慈悲,慈悲宽厚的行为      
　　dent v.使凹下, 凹进, 削弱
　　defiant adj.挑战的, 挑衅的, 目中无人的        
　　stall v.(使)停转, (使)停止, 迟延                                 
　　profiteer vi. 牟取暴利
　　难句突破:
　　(1) They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal offered by the watchdog to companies that owned up quickly to anti-competitive behaviour.
　　主体句式: They were fined a total of just over £116 million as part of a leniency deal...
　　结构分析: 这是一个复合句，其成分比较复杂。offered by the watchdog to companies作为一个分词短语来修饰前面的deal, 而后面that引导的定语从句又修饰companies.
　　句子译文:他们总共的罚金只有一亿一千六百万多点，这是监察部门对积极坦白反竞争行为公司的一种宽大处理。
　　(2) The National Consumer Council gave warning that the admissions would dent consumer confidence in leading high street names and that people would become sceptical of their claims.
　　[主体句式] The National Consumer Council gave warning...
　　[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，句子的宾语warning 带着两个同位语从句，以that 引导；第一个同位语从句中，confidence in 后面是一个分词短语作介词的宾语。
　　[句子译文]全国消费者委员会警告说长此以往会损害消费者的信心，人们也会逐渐怀疑委员会的声明。
题目分析：
1. From the first paragraph, we may infer that _____        由第一段可以推断出______
[A] Tesco has caused a loss of  £270 million to consumers.        [A] Tesco 给消费者造成了两亿七千万的损失。
[B] Tesco has colluded with Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company in fixing the dairy price.        [B] Tesco 和Asda, Wiseman, Dairy Crest 及 Cheese Company联合确定牛奶价格。
[C] Tesco will be offered a leniency deal of £80 million.        [C]Tesco 会被轻罚八千亿元作为宽大处理。
[D] Tesco is trying its best to prove its innocence of the scandal.        [D] Tesco 竭力证明自己和传闻无关。
[答案] D
[分析] 推理题。第一段主要讲述了Tesco公司已被卷入和其他公司联手划定牛奶价格的丑闻中，目前正在通过法律手段来证明自己与此无关。选项A, 从本段第一句可以看出给消费者造成损失这一事项还未证实，Tesco 正在诉诸法律手段。选项B, 也是Tesco 可能存在但还未被证实的事项。选项C，是如果Tesco的丑闻被证实后会被处以的处罚，但文章也并未指出是一种宽大措施。选项D，Tesco 正在竭力证明自己和传闻无关，这正是第一段论述的内容。
2. Who is most probably the initiator of the pricing formula?        2. 谁最有可能是价格形成的始作俑者？
[A] supermarkets.        [A] 超市。
[B] farmers.        [B] 牧场主。
[C] dairy companies.        [C]牛奶公司。
[D] politicians        [D] 政治家。
[答案]B
[分析] 细节题。关于价格形成最初由谁引起，第二段和第三段由相关论述。第二段提到，监察部门发现超市受到政治家和农民的压力要求上调牛奶价格，而OFT发现了零售商将牛奶未来的价格信息传递给了牛奶公司，牛奶公司内部自己确定了价格。第三段又提到牧场主机构和牧场主一直在抗议低廉的牛奶价格。由此可以推断，最有可能引发牛奶价格确定的源头就是牧场主。
3. The word "defiant" (Line 3, Paragraph 4)most probably means _____.        3. "defiant"(第四段第三行)最可能的意思是______.
[A] resisiting        [A] 抗议的
[B] angry        [B] 愤怒的
[C] deficient        [C]不完善的
[D] confident        [D] 自信的
[答案]A
[分析] 猜词题。根据其上下文的意思，Tesco 声称自己正在在为自己的行为准备最坚决的辩护，其执行理事的一番话也表现了他们这种强硬的态度，可见他们采取了一种抵抗的态度，选项[A]最为符合。
4. We may infer from Morrisons' statement that _____.        4. 从莫里森斯的话可以推断出______。
[A] Morrisons was uncooperative with OFT.        [A] 莫里森斯和OFT采取了不合作态度。
[B] Morrisons was reluctant to support the inquiries into the former Safeway business.        [B] 莫里森斯不愿意支持对前Safeway业务的调查。
[C] Morrisons was trying to delay the OFT investigation.        [C] 莫里森斯竭力推迟OFT的调查。
[D] Morrisons was working hard to defend its interests.        [D] 莫里森斯努力维护自己的权益。
[答案]D
[分析] 推理题。要结合上下文来理解莫里森斯的意思，Morrisons has supported the OFT in inquiries into the former Safeway business that it took over, but in a statement said that it was still making "strong representations" in its defence. 前后两个分句是转折关系，可以看出莫里森斯的态度。虽然他协助OFT对于前Safeway的调查，但是他却声称在辩护中仍要做出抗议。行动上他是一种合作态度，但他还是要竭力维护自己的利益，选项D最为符合。
5. The writer's attitude to Tesco can be said to be _____.        5. 作者对于Tesco 的态度可以说是______。
[A] biased.        [A] 有偏见的。
[B] objective.        [B] 客观的。
[C] sympathetic.        [C] 同情的。
[D] optimistic.        [D] 乐观的。
[答案]B
[分析] 态度题。作者的态度可以通过材料的选择和措辞看出来，作者在文章中列出了Tesco有关方面的事件，但一直没有做出任何的评判，可以看出是一种比较客观的态度。
参考译文：
　　Tesco为了摆脱限定奶制品价格风波，正在准备一场大官司。奶制品事件已经给消费者带来了两亿七千万的损失。如果不能证明自己并未和其他超市、奶制品加工商串通一气的话，它就得接受至少八千万的罚单。昨天，OFT声称Asda, Sainsbury's 和前 Safeway, 还有奶制品公司Wiseman, Dairy Crest and Cheese Company都已承认它们联合设定了牛奶、黄油及奶酪的价格。他们总共的罚金只有一亿一千六百万多点，这是监察部门对积极坦白反竞争行为公司的一种宽大处理。
　　OFT官员私下声称他们不一定想要找出到底是具体哪家公司或哪个人发起这次价格行动的，但是监察部门承认这次超市受到政客和农民的双重压力，要求提高牛奶成本以拯救奶制品畜牧业，但是最终钱还不一定能流到农民手中。OFT九月份称他们已经发现证据证明零售链已经将未来的牛奶价格告知奶制品公司，然后奶制品公司自己内部设定了固定价格。
　　2002和2003年间平均每户损失为11.25。每品脱牛奶价格上涨3p，每0.25磅黄油上涨15p，每半磅奶酪涨15p。但是消费者却没有任何的补偿，利润全部到了国库。全国消费者委员会警告说长此以往会损害消费者的信心，人们也会逐渐怀疑委员会的声明。Farmers For Action2002年以来一直领导农民抗议牛奶价格低廉，目前在就是否可以申请补偿寻求法律意见。
　　不过OFT还在继续对Tesco, Morrisons 和奶制品集团 Lactalis McLelland进行调查，任何法律行为都将推迟到调查结束。Tesco对此不屑一顾，声称在为自己的行为准备最坚决的辩护。执行理事Lucy Neville-Rolfe说："正如我们一贯宣称的，我们行动完全独立，和谁都没有联合。我们的立场和我们的对手不一样，我们在尽力保护我们的事业。我们的理念就是给消费者一个好的待遇。"            
　　Morrisons协助OFT调查它所管理的前Safeway的交易，但是在一次声明中还称自己依然会在辩护中进行强烈的抗议。Lactalis McLelland的一个代言人说公司在和OFT"合作"，而企业内部人士暗示这三家公司在蓄意拖延OFT调查。
　　昨天赛恩斯伯里承认自己已经同意支付两千六百万的罚金，但是却否认它在牟取暴利。执行董事Justin King说本来是要帮助农民却因此受到惩罚，感觉很失望，但他也承认尽快解决更为有利。Asda不愿意告诉要赔付多少，但却说声称其初衷是要帮助那些有沉重经济压力的农民。
TEXT 2
　　He emerged, all of a sudden, in 1957: the most explosive new poetic talent of the English post-war era. Poetry specialised, at that moment, in the wry chronicling of the everyday. The poetry of Y**d Hughes, first published in a book called "The Hawk in the Rain" when he was 27, was unlike anything written by his immediate predecessors. Driven by an almost Jacobean rhetoric, it had a visionary fervour. Its most eye-catching characteristic was Hughes's ability to get beneath the skins of animals: foxes, otters, pigs. These animals were the real thing all right, but they were also armorial devices-symbols of the countryside and lifeblood of the earth in which they were rooted. It gave his work a raw, primal stink.
　　It was not only England that thought so either. Hughes's book was also published in America, where it won the Galbraith prize, a major literary award. But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide. Hughes was vilified for long after that, especially by feminists in America. In 1998, the year he died, Hughes broke his own self-imposed public silence about their relationship in a book of loose-weave poems called "Birthday Letters".In this new and exhilarating collection of real letters, Hughes returns to the issue of his first wife's death, which he calls his "big and unmanageable event". He felt his talent muffled by the perpetual eavesdropping upon his every move. Not until he decided to publish his own account of their relationship did the burden begin to lighten.
　　The analysis is raw, pained and ruthlessly self-aware. For all the moral torment, the writing itself has the same rush and vigour that possessed Hughes's early poetry. Some books of letters serve as a personalised historical chronicle. Poets' letters are seldom like that, and Hughes's are no exception. His are about a life of literary engagement: almost all of them include some musing on the state or the nature of writing, both Hughes's own or other people's. The trajectory of Hughes's literary career had him moving from obscurity to fame, and then, in the eyes of many, to life-long notoriety. These letters are filled with his wrestling with the consequences of being the part-private, part-public creature that he became, desperate to devote himself to his writing, and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy. 　
　　Hughes is an absorbing and intricate commentator upon his own poetry, even when he is standing back from it and good-humouredly condemning himself for "its fantasticalia, its pretticisms and its infinite verballifications". He also believed, from first to last, that poetry had a special place in the education of children. "What kids need", he wrote in a 1988 letter to the secretary of state for education in the Conservative government, "is a headfull [sic] of songs that are not songs but blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language." When that happens, children have "the guardian angel installed behind the tongue". Lucky readers, big or small.
1．The poetry of Hughes's forerunners is characteristic of ______
[A] its natural, crude flavor.
[B] its distorted depiction of people's daily life.
[C] its penetrating sight.
[D] its fantastical enthusiasm.
2.The word "vilified" (Line 3, Paragraph 2)most probably means _____
[A] tortured
[B] harassed
[C] scolded
[D] tormented
3．According to the third paragraph, Hughes's collection of letters are _____
[A] personal recollection of his life.
[B] personalised historical chronicle of his literary engagement.
[C] reflections of his struggle with his devotion and the reality.
[D] his meditation on the literary world.
4. From the letters, we may find the cause of Hughes's internal struggle is _____
[A] his devotion to the literary world.
[B] that he is a part-private, part-public creature.
[C] that he is constrained by the fear of his privacy being invaded.
[D] his fame and notoriety.
5. By "lucky readers" in the last sentence, the author means_____
[A] children who read poetry.
[B] children who have a headfull of songs.
[C] children who own blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language.
[D] children who have the guardian angel installed behind the tongue
篇章剖析：
　　本文讲述了英国著名诗人特德•休斯作品的特点和其所反映的诗人的一些情况。第一段讲述休斯诗歌的特色；第二段讲述因其妻子的原因而创作了一部书信集的情况。第三段讲述这本书信集的特点和反映的内容。第四段讲述休斯对诗歌的看法和态度。
词汇注释：
wry  adj. 枯燥乏味的                        
predecessorn.前辈, 前任
rhetoric n. (措词, 文体的)浮夸与修饰  
fervour n.热情
armorial adj.徽章的, 家徽的                    
lifeblood n. 生命力或生命之源的力量
stink n. 气息，气味                          
vilifie vt.诽谤, 辱骂, 贬低, 轻视
muffle  vt.压抑；阻止                        
eavesdropping n.偷听
trajectory n. 道路选择好的或采用的路径：         
notoriety n.恶名, 丑名, 声名狼藉
absorbing adj.吸引人的, 非常有趣的难句突破：
（１）But then, in 1963, Sylvia Plath, a young American poet whom he had first met at Cambridge University in 1956, and who became his wife in the summer of that year, committed suicide.
主体句式：But then Sylvia Plath committed suicide.
结构分析：这是一个同位语带有定语从句的复合句。whom和who引导的两个定语从句修饰a young American poet, 整体作为Sylvia Plath的同位语。
句子译文：但是在1963年，西尔维亚•普拉斯自杀了，这个美国年轻诗人与他第一次见面是在1956年的剑桥大学，而当年夏天又成为了他妻子。
（2）These letters are filled with his wrestling with the consequences of being the part-private, part-public creature that he became, desperate to devote himself to his writing, and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy.
主体句式：These letters are filled with his wrestling.
结构分析：这是一个简单句，难点在于最后两个形容词词组的成分（desperate to devote himself to his writing, and yet subject to endless invasions of his privacy）。这两个形容词词组是用来修饰前面的名词creature, 而creature后面紧跟着的that 引导的从句也是修饰它的定语从句。
句子译文：这些信中处处都显现出休斯因为自己成为半私人、半公开这么样一个人物而心理反复挣扎，他渴望将自己奉献给文字，但又时时受到私人空间受到侵袭的威胁。
题目分析
1.The poetry of Hughes's forerunners is characteristic of ______        1. 休斯先前的诗人们创作的诗歌特点是______
[A] its natural, crude flavor.        [A] 自然、原始的风味。
[B] its distorted depiction of people's daily life.        [B] 对人们日常生活的变形描写。
[C] its penetrating sight.        [C] 洞穿一切的视角。
[D] its fantastical enthusiasm.        [D] 梦幻式的热情。
[答案] B
[分析] 细节题。本文第一段讲述了休斯诗歌的特点。第一段第二句说明了当时盛行的诗歌的特色是the wry chronicling of the everyday，紧接着第三句就指出休斯的作品不同于他前辈的诗歌，接下来的几句都是讲述休斯作品具体是什么特色。由此可以推理，第二句所描写的就是其前人作品的特点，是"对日常生活的变形描述"，选项B为正确答案。
2.The word "vilified" (Line 3, Paragraph 2)most probably means _____        2. "vilified"这个词（第二段第三行）最有可能的意思是_____
[A] tortured        [A] 折磨。
[B] harassed        [B] 骚扰。
[C] scolded        [C] 斥责。
[D] tormented        [D] 折磨。
[答案] C
[分析] 猜词题。这个词的意思要根据上下文推断。该词出现的前一句讲述休斯妻子，一位美国诗人自杀了。紧接着就说，该事件发生后很长一段时间里美国的女权主义者对休斯采取了一种行动。后面又讲述了休斯在去世之前将他与妻子的关系情况以书信集的方式表达出来，直到这本集子出版他的背负才得以减轻。那么休斯一直背负着一种精神负担，这部分是由那些女权主义者造成的，可能性比较大的就是一种精神上的谴责，答案[C]最为符合。
3．According to the third paragraph, Hughes's collection of letters are _____        2. 从第三段可以得知，休斯的书信集是_____
[A] personal recollection of his life.        [A] 他对自己生命的个人回忆。
[B] personalised historical chronicle of his literary engagement.        [B] 他文学生涯的个人事件的历时纪录。
[C] reflections of his struggle with his devotion and the reality.        [C] 他在信仰与现实间挣扎的反映。
[D] his meditation on the literary world.        [D] 他对文学世界的思考。
［答案］Ｄ
［分析］推理题。根据文章第三段，休斯的这本书信集和一般书信集不同，不是将自己的经历做一陈述，而是所有书信都包含有对自己或对别人作品的思考，是他文学思想的一个展示。最后一句是说从这些书信中可以看出他为是要完全展示在作品中还是要维护个人隐私而苦苦挣扎过。从这些描述可以看出，该书信集主要是他文学观点的一些表述，从中可以看出他的思想发展历程，因此答案Ｄ最符合。
4. From the letters, we may find the cause of Hughes's internal struggle is _____        4. 由休斯书信的内容可以看出休斯内心挣扎的原因在于_____
[A] his devotion to the literary world.        [A] 他全心奉献给了文学世界。
[B] that he is a part-private, part-public creature.        [B] 他是一个半隐密、半公开的人物。
[C] that he is constrained by the fear of his privacy being invaded in his literary engagement.        [C] 他在文学创作中担心自己的私人世界受到侵犯。
[D] his fame and notoriety.        [D] 他的名声以及后来的败落。
[答案]C
[分析] 细节题。题干是要求找出休斯内心挣扎的原因，这在第三段最后一句中有提及。文章指出书信中处处都体现了休斯和自己半隐密、半公开这么一个身份进行斗争的印迹，一方面他想在创作中完全投入，但又担心自己隐私会受到侵害。可以看出，休斯之所以内心挣扎，是由于他自己一面想要在作品中公开自己，而在现实中又想保护自己的隐私，因此答案C最为符合。
5. By "lucky readers" in the last sentence, the author means_____        5. 在文章最后一句话中的"幸运的读者"，作者指的是_____。
[A] children who read poetry.        [A] 读诗的孩子。
[B] children who have a headfull of songs.        [B] 脑子里有许多歌的孩子。
[C] children who own blocks of refined and achieved and exemplary language.        [C] 拥有精致、优雅的语言的孩子。
[D] children who have the guardian angel installed behind the tongue.        [D] 舌头后面有守卫天使的孩子。
[答案]A
[分析] 细节题。理解这句话需要结合上下文来看，文章最后一段主要是讲述休斯认为诗歌在孩子教育方面发挥特殊的作用，他认为孩子需要的是诗歌，是精致、完美的语言，如果真的拥有这些了，那么孩子舌头后面就有了守卫天使，那他们就是幸运的读者了。虽然四个答案都仿佛正确，但从最根本的来说，是因为读诗，孩子才会拥有以上所说得一切，才是幸运的，而且本段也着重强调诗歌对于孩子的重要性。因此，最佳答案为A。
参考译文：
　　1957年，他横空出世，成为英国战后最具爆炸性的诗坛天才。当时，诗歌主要题材是日常生活的扭曲纪录。但出生在约克郡的特德•休斯的作品却与其前辈大相径庭，他27岁时在名为《雨中的鹰》一书中发表了第一首诗。　　　　
　　受詹姆士一世风格的影响，其诗歌呈现出幻觉式的激情，最显著的特点是休斯可以描述动物外表下面的东西，无论是狐狸、水獭还是猪。这些动物的确是真实的，但同时又是标志性的，代表着乡村，代表着它们植根的地球的生命之源。正是这一点赋予了其作品一种野性、原始的气息。
这一点不仅仅在英国得以认同。休斯的书也在美国出版，并且赢得了一项重要的文学奖--加尔布雷思奖。但是在1963年，西尔维亚•普拉斯自杀了，这个美国年轻诗人与他第一次见面是在1956年的剑桥大学，而当年夏天又成为了他妻子。这之后很长时间里休斯都受到人们的谴责，尤其是美国的女权主义者。1998 年，也就是休斯去世的那一年，他在自己一本名为《生日信札》的结构松散的诗集中公开了他俩的关系，打破了他自己一直以来的缄默。在这本令人兴奋的新书信集中，休斯回忆了他第一个妻子的死，"难以处理的大事情"--他这样形容。他感觉自己的一举一动都受到监视，他的天赋因而受到了制约。直到他出版了自己的这本有关他们关系的书时，他身上的负担才得以减轻。
他的剖析自然、饱含痛苦，具有强烈的自我意识。尽管书中极尽表达了其精神的苦痛，但文字本身却具有休斯早期诗歌的激情和活力。一些书信集只是个人的经历记录而已，但是诗人的书信集却不同，休斯也不例外。他的书信集描写了其文学生涯：几乎所有的书信都有关于写作状态或写作性质的思考，有他自己，也有别人的。休斯的文学生命轨迹是从无名到闻名，而后，在众人看来又经历了漫长的名誉扫地的阶段。这些信中处处都显现出休斯和自己成为半私人、半公开人物这样一个结果而心理反复挣扎，他渴望将自己奉献给文字，但又时时受到私人空间受到侵袭的威胁。
有意思而且令人费解的是，休斯还对自己诗歌进行评论，他甚至还以局外人的身份来看待自己的作品，很幽默地批评自己"诗歌有空想色彩、唯美化且一直咬文嚼字 "。他还从始至终坚信诗歌在教育孩子方面有特殊的作用。1988年他在给保守党政府国家教育部长得一封信中这样写道："孩子们需要的是满脑子的歌曲，其实不是歌曲，而是精致、优秀、具有代表性的语言。"如果真能这样，那么孩子们"舌头后面就会有守卫天使"了。
TEXT THREE
　　Controled bleeding or cauterisation? That was the unappealing choice facing UBS, a Swiss bank which has been badly hurt by the carnage in America's mortgage market. The bank opted for the latter. First it opened the wound, by announcing a hefty $10 billion write-down on its exposure to subprime-infected debt. UBS now expects a loss for the fourth quarter, which ends this month. Then came the hot iron: news of a series of measures to shore up the bank's capital base, among them investments from sovereign-wealth funds in Singapore and the Middle East.
　　Bad news had been expected. UBS's third-quarter write-down of over SFr4 billionin October looked overly optimistic compared with more aggressive markdowns at other banks such as Citigroup and Merrill Lynch. Steep falls in the market value of subprime debt since the end of the third quarter made it certain that UBS would take more pain, given its sizeable exposure to toxic collateralised-debt obligations (CDOs). Analysts at Citigroup were predicting in November that write-downs of up to SFr14 billion were possible.
　　Why then did this new batch of red ink still come as a shock? The answer lies not in the scale of the overall loss, more in UBS's decision to take the hit in one go. The bank's mark-to-model approach to valuing its subprime-related holdings had been based on payments data from the underlying mortgage loans. Although these data show a worsening in credit quality, the deterioration is slower than mark-to-market valuations, which have the effect of instantly crystallising all expected future losses.
　　Thanks to this gradualist approach, UBS had been expected to take write-downs in managed increments of SFr2 billion-3 billion over a period of several quarters. It now appears that the bank has incorporated market values into its model, sending its fourth-quarter write-downs into orbit. The change of approach may be on the advice of auditors and regulators but it is more likely to reflect a desire by UBS's bosses to avoid months of speculation about the bank's exposure, something that Marcel Rohner, the chief executive, described as "distracting".
　　In a particular indignity for a bank long associated with conservatism, concerns about the level of UBS's capital ratio had even started to surface. Hence the moves to strengthen its tier-one capital, an important measure of bank solidity, by SFr19.4 billion, a great deal more than the write-down. The majority of that money will come from sovereign-wealth funds, the white knights of choice for today's bank in distress. Singapore's GIC, which manages the city-state's foreign reserves, has pledged to buy SFr11 billion-worth of convertible bonds in UBS; an unnamed Middle Eastern investor will put in a further SFr2 billion. UBS will also raise money by selling treasury shares, and save cash by issuing its 2007 dividend in the form of shares. Its capital ratio is expected to end up above 12% in the fourth quarter, a strong position.The majority of that money will come from sovereign-wealth funds, the white knights of choice for today's bank in distress.
　　Hopeful talk of lines being drawn under the subprime crisis has been a feature of banks' quarterly reporting since September. Marrying bigger-than-expected write-downs with bigger-than-expected boosts to capital looks like the right treatment in this environment. But UBS still cannot be sure that its problems are over. Further deterioration in its subprime asset values is possible; the broader economic impact of the credit crunch is unclear; and the damage to the bank's reputation cannot yet be quantified. The patient still needs watching.
1. The author uses the metaphor "hot iron" to imply that_____.
[A] those measures will do more harm to UBS.
[B] those measures will cauterize UBS.
[C] those measures will forcefully stop UBS from furthur loss.
[D] those measures will control bleeding of UBS.
2. Compared with the mark-to-market valuations, the mark-to-model approach could _____.
[A] slow down the worsening in credit qualtiy.
[B] instantly crystallise all expected future loss.
[C] worsen the credit quality.
[D] accelerate the deterioration in credit quality.
3. The reason that Marcel Rohner thought the chang of approach was "distracting" is _____.
[A] this change was unexpected to take place in such a situation.
[B] this change was result of the advice of auditors and regulators.
[C] this change was unfavorite to UBS.
[D] this change was taken to make people dispel their guess.
4. The phrase "the white knights"(Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means____.
[A] rich people.
[B] saviors.
[C] generous people.
[D] brave people.
5. The author's attitude towards UBS's future is______.
[A] optimistic
[B] pessimistic
[C] uncertain
[D] none of the above
篇章分析：
　　本篇文章介绍了UBS银行目前面临的困境以及其解决困境的一系列措施。第一段讲述UBS银行面对困境时作了强行止血的选择；第二段讲述UBS目前面临的不好的因素；第三段第四段分析了其估值的方式；第五段讲述UBS解决资金困难的一系列措施；第六段分析UBS面临的一些问题。
词汇注释：
Carnage n. 大屠杀, 残杀                    
hefty n. 异常大的或相当多的  
write-down  n.[会计]帐面价值的故意降低   
shore up  v.支持   
markdowns n. 削价                        
increment n.增加, 增量   
distract v.转移                              
indignity n.轻蔑, 侮辱, 侮辱的行为      
solidity n.可靠性                           
pledge vt.保证, 使发誓, 抵押, 典当                          
boost  n.增加；提高                        
crunch n. 危急情况，危急时刻或紧急状态
难句突破：
　　Then came the hot iron: news of a series of measures to shore up the bank's capital base, among them investments from sovereign-wealth funds in Singapore and the Middle East.
[主体句式] Then came the hot iron.
[结构分析] 这是一个有复杂同位语的一个简单句。news of ...是前面the hot iron的同位语，to shore up the bank's capital base是不定式短语作定语修饰前面的measures, 而后面among them ...也是用来修饰measures，具体介绍其中的一些措施。
[句子译文]紧接着就来了hot iron ：报道有一系列的措施来支持银行的资本基础，其中就有新加坡和中东的君主财富基金。   
　　The change of approach may be on the advice of auditors and regulators but it is more likely to reflect a desire by UBS's bosses to avoid months of speculation about the bank's exposure, something that Marcel Rohner, the chief executive, described as "distracting".
[主体句式] The change of approach may be... but ...
[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，but 引导的分句比较复杂，to avoide ...不定式短语作前面a desire的定语，而something that...是a desire的同位语，该同位语有一个定语从句。
[句子译文] 方法改变可能是审计员或调节员建议的，但更反映了UBS高层的不愿数月都预计银行曝光的意愿，这个被首席执行官马赛尔Rohner形容为"发狂的"。
题目分析：
1. The author uses the metaphor "hot iron" to imply that_____.        1. 作者用"烙铁"这个比喻来暗示_____。
[A] those measures will do more harm to UBS.        [A] 这些措施会对UBS造成更多损失。
[B] those measures will cauterize UBS.        [B] 这些措施会灼伤UBS。
[C] those measures will forcefully stop UBS from furthur loss.        [C]这些措施会强行让UBS避免进一步的损失。
[D] those measures will control bleeding of UBS.        [D]这些措施会控制UBS流血。
[答案]C
[分析] 细节题。作者将一系列的措施比喻为"烙铁"，而这些措施又是为UBS提供资金，是一些好的措施，这个比喻让人费解。但结合第一段的上下文就可以理解，文章第一段开头就摆出UBS面临的抉择，是有控制的流血还是灼伤，UBS选择了后者，先是将伤口裸露出来，接着就来了"烙铁"。前后联系可以想到，烙铁可以灼伤伤口，但可以让伤口马上止血，也就是让UBS可以避免进一步的损失。因此，答案C最为符合。
2. Compared with the mark-to-market valuations, the mark-to-model approach could _____.        2.与市场估量方法相比，模式方法可以_____。
[A] slow down the worsening in credit qualtiy.        [A] 减缓信用质量的恶化。
[B] nstantly crystallise all expected future loss.        [B] 迅速估计出所有未来有可能的损失。
[C] worsen the credit quality.        [C] 恶化信用质量。
[D] accelerate the deterioration in credit quality.        [D] 加快信用质量的恶化。
[答案]A
[分析] 细节题。题干是关于mark-to-model估量方法的，这在文章第三段中有提及。关键的一句话就是，和mark-to-market方法相比，这种恶化要慢一些，因为市场方法可迅速估算出未来所有有可能的损失。要注意的是，which have the effect of instantly crystallising all expected future losses是修饰mark-to-market 方法的定语从句，这一点容易让读者混淆。
3. The reason that Marcel Rohner thought the chang of approach was "distracting" is _____.        3.马塞尔认为这种转变是"转移注意力的"是因为_____。
[A] this change was unexpected to take place in such a situation.        [A]在当时情形下出现这种转变是出人意料的。
[B] this change was result of the advice of auditors and regulators.        [B] 这种转变是审计员和调解员建议的。
[C] this change was unfavorite to UBS.        [C] 这种转变对于UBS是不利的。
[D] this change was taken to make people dispel their guess.        [D]采取这种转变是为了打消人们心中的猜测。
[答案]D
[分析] 推理题。题干中提到的转变是指UBS评估方法由模式方法转变为将市场结合进来的方法，马塞尔认为这种转变是"转移注意力的"，由上文可知这种转变是UBS高层为了避免数月来对银行曝光的猜测。因此，所说的"转移注意力"是避免猜测，那么答案D最为符合。
4.The phrase "the white knights"(Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means____.        4.短语"白色骑士"（第五段第五行）最有可能指_____。
[A] rich people.        [A] 富有的人。
[B] saviors.        [B] 救星。
[C] generous people.        [C] 慷慨的人。
[D] brave people.        [D] 勇敢的人。
[答案]B
[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文，绝大部分的救助基金来自君主财产基金，这个基金对于许多身处困境的银行来说就是白衣骑士，可以推断"白衣骑士"可能代表救助他人的人，答案中BC都有这层意思，根据其救助对象是身处困境的银行，更侧重于危难时的救助。因此，B更为符合题意。
5.The author's attitude towards UBS's future is______.        5. 作者对于UBS未来的态度是_____。
[A] optimistic        [A] 乐观的。
[B] pessimistic        [B] 悲观的。
[C] uncertain        [C] 不确定的。
[D] none of the above.        [D] 以上都不是。
[答案]C
[分析] 态度题。这篇文章比较客观地描述了UBS目前的困境和其为了摆脱这个困境要解决的方法，作者的态度虽然在前面几次都提到UBS得到了一些资助，有望转好。但文章最后一段提出UBS目前也面临众多问题，所以结局还有待观察。文章的最后一句明确表明了作者的不确定的态度。
参考译文：
　　有控制地流血还是灼伤？这是UBS，一家因美国抵押信贷市场受到重挫的瑞士银行所要面对的尴尬选择。而这家银行选择了后者，先是在公开subprime- infected债之际宣布高达100亿资产价值缩水，从而裸露出伤口。UBS目前预计第四季度也将亏损，本月就能见分晓。紧接着就来了hot iron：报道有一系列的措施来支持银行的资本基础，其中就有新加坡和中东的君主财富基金。   
　　也应该会有些坏消息。UBS四分之三的资产价值缩水超过40亿瑞士法郎，这与其他银行（如Citigroup and Merrill Lynch）更为严重的状况相比而言还是较为乐观。第三季度末subprime debt市场价值的急剧下落使得UBS将会面临更多的苦痛，尤其是它相当大的一部分资产都受到抵押的影响。Citigroup分析师在11月预言可能会有140亿瑞士法郎的损失。
　　那么为什么这次新的一组赤字还是让人们大吃一惊呢？答案并不是因为总亏损的规模，而是UBS决定一次性地承担损失。银行估量其与subprime相关的股票所用的mark-to-model方法是基于第一担保抵押贷款的支付数据上的。尽管这些数据显示信用有所降低，但比起用mark-to-market的估量方式其恶化速度要慢一些，具有迅速明确所有未来损失的作用。
　　正是由于采取了这个缓和的方式，UBS可望在几个季度内资产账面价值增长控制在20到30亿瑞士法郎。目前显示出该银行已经将市场价值纳入其模式中，从而将第四季度的资产账面价值控制在一定范围内。方法改变可能是审计员或调节员建议的，但更反映了UBS高层要避免数月来对银行曝光的猜测，这个被首席执行官马赛尔Rohner形容为"转移注意力的"。
　　一个长期以保守见称的银行如今却受到这种侮辱，对于UBS的资金率的担心也就逐渐出现了。因此就采取措施加强了第一层资金约194亿瑞士法郎，该数额比资产账面损失要多许多，是增加银行信用的重要方法。资金大部分来源于君主资产基金，这是当今处于困境的银行的白衣骑士。新加坡GIC掌握着这个城市国家的外汇储备，它承诺要购买UBS110亿瑞士法郎的可转债。一个匿名的中东投资者又投入了20亿瑞士法郎。UBS也会售卖债券、以股票的形式发行2007的红利来募集现金。其资本率有望在第四季度达到12%多，这样处境就很不错了。
　　从九月份以来，银行每季度的报告会的一大特色就是讨论将额度控制在subprime风险之下。把比预期大的资产账面降低程度和比预期大的资本增加相结合好像是这种氛围下的一个正确处理方案。但是UBS还是不能确保问题都已解决。有可能出现subprime资产价值的继续恶化，而且信用创伤引起的更广阔范围内的经济冲击也不很明确，还有对公司名誉的损害程度也还没有确定。病情还有待观察。
TEXT FOUR  
　　Just as Norman Mailer, John Updike and Philip Roth were at various times regarded as the greatest American novelist since the second world war, John Ashbery and Robert Lowell vied for the title of greatest American poet. Yet the two men could not be more different. Lowell was a public figure who engaged with politics-in 1967 he marched shoulder-to-shoulder with Mailer in protest against the Vietnam war, as described in Mailer's novel "The Armies of the Night". Lowell took on substantial themes and envisioned himself as a tragic, heroic figure, fighting against his own demons. Mr Ashbery's verse, by contrast, is more beguilingly casual. In his hands, the making of a poem can feel like the tumbling of dice on a table top. Visible on the page is a delicately playful strewing of words, looking to engage with each other in a shyly puzzled fashion. And there is an element of Dada-like play in his unpredictability of address with its perpetual shifting of tones.
　　Lowell, who died in 1977 at the age of 60, addressed the world head on. By contrast, Mr Ashbery, who celebrated his 80th birthday earlier this year, glances wryly at the world and its absurdities. In this edition of his later poems, a substantial gathering of verses selected from six volumes published over the past 20 years, his poetry does not so much consist of themes to be explored as comic routines to be improvised. He mocks the very idea of the gravity of poetry itself. His tone can be alarmingly inconsequential, as if the reader is there to be perpetually wrong-footed. He shifts easily from the elevated to the work-a-day. His poems are endlessly digressive and there are often echoes of other poets in his writings, though these always come lightly at the reader, as though they were scents on the breeze.
　　Lowell wrote in strict formal measures; some of his last books consisted of entire sequences of sonnets. Mr Ashbery can also be partial to particular forms of verse, though these tend to be of a fairly eccentric kind-the cento (a patchwork of other poets' works), for example, and the pantoum (a Malaysian form, said to have been introduced to 19th-century Europe by Victor Hugo). Often he writes in a free-flowing, conversational manner that depends for its success upon the fact that the ending of lines is untrammelled by any concern about whether or not they scan. Within many of his poems, there often seems to be a gently humorous antagonism between one stanza and the next. Mr Ashbery likes using similes in his poetry. This is often the poet's stock-in-trade, but he seems to single them out in order to send up the very idea of the simile in poetry, as in "Violets blossomed loudly/ like a swear word in an empty tank".
　　Life, for Lowell, was a serious matter, just as he was a serious man. Mr Ashbery's approach, as evinced by his poetry, is more that of a gentle shrug of amused bewilderment. Unlike Lowell's, his poems are neither autobiographical nor confessional. He doesn't take himself that seriously. "Is all of life a tepid housewarming?" For a poet this is a tougher question to answer than you might think.
1.The word "substantial" (Line 4, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
[A] serious　　[B] big　　[C] important　　[D] real
2. The last words of Lowell mean that_____.
[A] the world should go forward without stopping.
[B] the world should not mourn for him.
[C] the world should forget him totally.
[D] the world should go on its path for a bright future.
3. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristics of Ashbery's poetry?
[A] Some lines are borrowed from the other poets' works.
[B] Stanzas are different from each other in one poem.
[C] Words are scattered casually in his poetry.
[D] Tones are continuously changing from the highbrow to the common.
4. Mr. Ashbery's similes in poetry are different from that of the other poets in that_____.
[A] he likes to single them out.
[B] he uses them in an eccentric way.
[C] he uses simile for simile.
[D] he uses simile to express his complex thought.
5. Why the author think the question Ashbery raised is a tougher one for a poet than we might think?
[A] Because a poet looks at things in a very complicated way.
[B] Because a poet takes life seriously.
[C] Because this question is a difficult one.
[D] Because the theme of life is worth thinking for a poet.
篇章剖析：
　　这篇文章介绍了美国诗人Ashbery和其诗歌的特点，文章虽然是以两个诗人对比的形式写作的，但是却对Ashbery着墨偏多，另外一个诗人洛厄尔只是一个陪衬而已。第一段讲述了两个诗人竞争美国最伟大诗人的称号；第二段第三段都是对两位诗人作品特点的描述；第四段讲述他们对生活的不同态度。
词汇注释：
vie v.竞争                              
envision vt.想象, 预想
dice n.骰子                              
strew vt.散播, 点缀, 撒满
wryly adv.挖苦地, 表情冷漠地              
improvise v.临时准备
digressive adj.离题的, 枝节的               
cento n. 杂烩, 摘录
pantoum n.(根据隔行同韵的马来诗体改编的) 由隔行同韵的四行诗节组成的诗
untrammel adj.自由自在的, 无阻碍的      
tepid adj.微温的, 温热的, 不太热烈的
难句突破：
(1)    In this edition of his later poems, a substantial gathering of verses selected from six volumes published over the past 20 years, his poetry does not so much consist of themes to be explored as comic routines to be improvised.
[主体结构] His poetry does not so much consist of ...
[结构分析] 本句为简单句，作状语的介词短语成分比较复杂，a substantial gathering of verses是edition的同位语，该同位语是带有作定语的分词短语。在主句中，不定式短语to be explored...用来修饰themes, 而不定式短语to be improvised 又用来修饰comic routines.
[句子译文] 他这本晚些出版的诗集选编了过去20年间出版的六本诗集中的诗歌，其主题不再是象那种临时准备的老套滑稽节目，他戏谑诗歌本身具有严肃性这个话题
(2) This is often the poet's stock-in-trade, but he seems to single them out in order to send up the very idea of the simile in poetry, as in "Violets blossomed loudly/ like a swear word in an empty tank".
[主体句式] This is ... but he ...
[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，后面分句成份较为复杂，带有一个不定式短语作目的状语，as 引导成分修饰的是整个分句。
[句子译文] 虽然这是诗人的惯用手法，但他却把这些比喻单独挑出来，以突出诗里面明喻这个概念。比如"紫罗兰纵声开放/ 宛如空桶里的一句毒誓"。
题目分析：
1.The word "substantial" (Line 4, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.        1. "Substantial"这个词最有可能的意思是_____。
[A] serious        [A] 严肃的。
[B] grand        [B] 宏大的。
[C] heroic        [C] 英雄的。
[D] tragic        [D] 悲剧的。
[答案] B
[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文来断定该词的意思，这个词是用来形容Lowell 诗歌主题的特点的。由第一段中Lowell喜欢参与政治，在诗歌中经常将自己视为悲剧的英雄人物这一点可以看出，他主题选择应该是比较宏大的。这一点在后面的几个段落中也可以发现。选项A也容易混淆，但要从tragic heroic 这几个词中推导正确答案，因为这些就是宏大叙事中常见的特征。因此，B为正确答案。
2. The last words of Lowell mean that_____.        2. 洛厄尔的临终遗言意思是_____。
[A] the world should go forward without stopping.        [A] 世界应该继续前行，不要停止。
[B] the world should not mourn for him.        [B] 世界不要为他而哀痛。
[C] the world should forget him totally.        [C] 世界应该把他完全忘记。
[D] the world should go on its path for a bright future.        [D] 世界应该继续它朝向美好未来的道路行进。
[答案]D
[分析] 推理题。洛厄尔的临终时addressed the world head on，意思是让世界继续前行，但其深层次的意思要结合洛厄尔的性格来判断。根据整篇文章，洛厄尔是比较正统的一位诗人，他对待世界的态度是严肃的，他这句话的深层意思是世界应该一直努力向前，最终能够走到光明的未来。选项D最为符合题意。
3. Which one of the following is NOT the characteristics of Ashbery's poetry?        3.以下哪个不是Ashbery 诗歌的特点？
[A] Some lines are borrowed from the other poets' works.        [A] 许多句子是借用其他诗人的。
[B] Stanzas are different from each other in one poem.        [B] 诗中节与节差异颇大。
[C] Words are scattered casually in his poetry.        [C] 诗中的词都是随意散落搭配的。
[D] Tones are continuously changing from the highbrow to the common.        [D] 语调不停变化，有时是阳春白雪，有时是下里巴人。
[答案]A
[分析] 细节题。题干要求选出不属于Ashbery 诗歌特点的一项，因为文章通篇都有对其诗歌特点的描述，因此就要细心查找每一选项是否在文章中提及。选项A, 文章第二段最后一句提到，there are often echoes of other poets in his writings, 有其他诗人的调子，但并没有说直接借用其作品中的句子，可能是模仿其风格或语调。因此，答案A 不一定正确。选项B, 关于诗歌节的特点，文章第三段提到there often seems to be a gently humorous antagonism between one stanza and the next，关键要知道 "antagonism"的意思，"对抗的"，说明节与节之间是截然不同的对立的风格，答案B是其诗歌特点。答案C 是关于诗歌用词的特点，第一段有提及，提到他诗歌中的词就像散落在桌上的色子一样，那么C也是其特点。D是关于诗歌语调的，文章有两处提及，第一段提到its perpetual shifting of tones，第三段有更为详细的描述: He shifts easily from the elevated to the work-a-day, D也是其特点。因此，答案应选A。
4．Mr. Ashbery's similes in poetry are different from that of the other poets in that_____.        4．Ashbery先生诗歌中的比喻和其他诗人所用的比喻不同在于_____。
[A] he likes to single them out.        [A] 他喜欢把比喻单独列出来。
[B] he uses them in an eccentric way.        [B] 他用比喻的方式很奇怪。
[C] he uses simile in order to make fun of it.        [C] 他为捉弄比喻而用比喻。
[D] he uses simile to express his complex thought.        [D] 他用比喻来表达自己复杂的思想。
[答案]C
[分析] 细节题。文章第三段提到，Ashbery喜欢在诗歌中运用比喻手法，但和一般诗人不同的是，他喜欢把比喻单独列出来，好像要戏谑诗歌中的比喻似的。然后作者举了一个例子，是个非常奇怪的比喻，"紫罗兰纵声开放/ 宛如空桶里的一句毒誓"。这个题目有一定难度，send up 这个短语的意思考生不一定熟悉，但考生可以根据Ashbery一贯游戏人生的态度分析出来。选项AB只是表层的现象，C才是真正的实质。
5. Why the author think the question Ashbery raised is a tougher one for a poet than we might think?        5. 为什么作者认为Ashbery 提出的问题要一个诗人回答其困难程度要比我们想象的难得多？
[A] Because a poet looks at things in a very complicated way.        [A] 因为诗人看待事物的方式很复杂。
[B] Because a poet takes life seriously.        [B] 因为诗人对待生活的态度很严肃。
[C] Because this question is a difficult one.        [C] 因为这个问题本身很难。
[D] Because the theme of life is worth thinking for a poet.         [D] 因为对于一个诗人生活这个主题值得思考。
[答案] D
[分析] 推理题。最后的这个问题是："生活的全部是不是只是迁入新居？"这个问题的提出要结合文章最后一段来看，最后一段是描写Ashbery对于生活的态度，洛厄尔对待生活的态度是很严肃的，但是Ashbery 却是一种玩世不恭的态度，对于这个问题他给出的答案可能是肯定的，但是对于其他诗人呢，则需要好好地考虑一下了, 尤其是生活主题对于诗人来说是一个非常复杂的问题。答案中D最为符合。
参考译文：
　　二战后的几个时期里，诺曼•梅勒、约翰•厄普代克、菲利普•罗斯成为美国公认的最伟大的小说家，同样地，约翰•Ashbery和罗伯特•洛厄尔也争取美国最伟大的诗人这个名号。但是，这两个家伙可是截然不同。洛厄尔是个公众人物，参与政治活动。1967年，他和梅勒肩并肩抗议越战，梅勒在其小说《夜行军》曾描述了这些情景。洛厄尔选择的主题宏大，把自己想象成富有悲剧色彩的英雄形象，和自己的恶魔战斗。而Ashbery的诗却颇有闲逸气。于他而言，做诗就好像是在桌上滚动的色子，纸上呈现的词精妙地散落着，彼此都羞涩地挨在一起。其不断的语气变化又使得本来变化莫测的措辞平添了一丝达达派的意味。
　　洛厄尔1977年去世，终年60岁，他还号召世界继续前进。而今年年初才庆贺了自己80岁生日的Ashbery，却冷眼瞧着这个世界，以及这个世界的荒诞。他这本晚些出版的诗集选编了过去20年间出版的六本诗集中的诗歌，其主题不再是象那种临时准备的老套滑稽节目，他戏谑诗歌本身具有严肃性这个话题。他的语气极其不合逻辑，好像读者永远都站不对阵脚。他的语气一会是严肃的，一会马上就成了work-a-day。他的诗歌是那么的不着边际，中间或夹杂有其他诗人的一词半调，但轻轻地来到读者面前，就好像风中的一丝气息而已。
　　洛厄尔遵循严格的格式，他最后的一些作品有完整的十四行诗体例。Ashbery先生的诗歌也有一定的格式，只是有点怪异罢了--比如集锦（其他诗人作品的杂合），比如潘顿诗体（一种马来西亚诗体，据说是由维克托•雨果引入19世纪的欧洲的）。他常以一种随意、会话式的方式创作，关键就在于每行结尾不必非得符合格律。在他的许多诗里面，两节之间常是有点滑稽的对立。Ashbery先生喜欢用明喻。虽然这是诗人的惯用手法，但他却把这些比喻单独挑出来，好像要戏谑诗里面明喻这个概念。比如"紫罗兰纵声开放/ 宛如空桶里的一句毒誓"。
　　对于洛厄尔，生活是件严肃的事情，正如他本人一样。而Ashbery的生活方式却不止是因困惑而轻轻地耸一下肩，从他的诗中就可以看出来。和洛厄尔不同，他的诗既不是自传性质的，也不是忏悔的。他并不那么较真。"生活的全部是不是只是迁入新居？"这个问题让一个诗人来回答，可是比我们想象的难得多。
TEXT FIVE
　　The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple-so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind "Guitar Hero" and "World of Warcraft", Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.
　　Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind "World of Warcraft", an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted "World of Warcraft", and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal-the biggest ever in the video-games industry-says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.
　　The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and "casual" games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. "World of Warcraft" is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. "World of Warcraft" is really "a social network with many entertainment components," says Mr Kotick.
　　Similarly, he argues, "Guitar Hero" and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is "the most powerful trend" building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of "Guitar Hero" for Asian markets. Online music games such as "Audition Online", which started in South Korea, are "massive in Asia," says Mr Harding-Rolls.
　　A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns Universal Music, one of the "big four" record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created "Guitar Hero". It has been promoting its new game, "Rock Band", using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as "Laguna Beach" and "Pimp My Ride". Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the "Lego Star Wars" games.


1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____.
[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.
[B] It is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.
[C] Their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.
[D] It would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.
2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?
[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with "World of Warcraft".
[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.
[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.
[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry's trend in the future.
3. The word "lucrative" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____.
[A] profitable
[B] luxurious
[C] entertaining
[D] populous
4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____.
[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.
[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.
[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.
[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.
5.From the two trends we can infer that_____.
[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.
[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants..
[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry's trends.
[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger
篇章剖析：
　　本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的联姻。第一段讲述两个公司的结合令人吃惊以及他们的联姻方式；第二段讲述这次联姻具有一定的战略意义；第三段和第四段讲述他们结合后塑造的第一个行业发展趋势；第五段讲述第二个发展趋势。
词汇注释：
wield v. 操纵，熟练掌握                                         
vixen n. 泼妇, 悍妇, 刁妇
Slayer n. 杀人者, 凶手                                               
stake n. 股份
helm n. 领导或支配地位：                                         
in recognition of 承认...而; 为酬答...而
covert v. 垂涎, 觊觎                                                  
lucrative adj. 获利的，赚钱的
joystick n. 操纵杆                              
tie in v.结合成一体
难句突破：
(1)  Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind "World of Warcraft", an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers.
[主体句式] Activision's boss will remain at the helm.
[结构分析]这个一个简单句，具有复杂的表语。表语是由一个固定介词短语充当，介词的宾语比较复杂，带有复杂的修饰成份。to be known as...是做the new company的定语，冒号后面的成份是用来说明main gaming asset的，可以看作是同位语；冒号后面的成份中，后面两个短语都是前面一个的同位语，用来对Blizzard Entertainment作进一步的解释。
(2)   Similarly, he argues, "Guitar Hero" and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends
[主体句式] He argues, "Guitar Hero" and other games are broadening the appeal... since...
[结构分析]这是一个简单句，argues后面是宾语从句，结构比较复杂，带有原因状语从句。宾语从句的主语有that引导的定语从句，by emphasising its social aspects是方式状语修饰are broadening ...。
[句子译文]他说，同样的，"吉他英雄"和其他游戏也没有用普通的按钮和操作杆，而是使用了新式控制器，通过重点强调其社会性的特点来增加游戏的吸引力，因为这些游戏很容易就可以开始，而且可以和朋友一起玩。
题目分析：
1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____.        1.这两个公司的联姻出乎人们的意料是因为_____。
[A] They aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.        [A]他们计划要设计一些结婚游戏，听起来非常奇怪。
[B] It is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.        [B]两家属于不同国家的公司要成功合作是非常困难的。
[C] Their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of style.        [C] 它们研发的游戏有完全不同的风格。
[D] It would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.        [D]他们要想买回股票是不可能的。
[答案] C
[难度系数] ☆
[分析] 细节题。文章开头就用形象的比喻说明这两家公司的结合很奇怪，提到的挥舞着吉他的摇滚悍妇和一身肌肉的杀龙者，从下面段落中可以推断是两家公司研发的不同的游戏的风格代表，因此是因为他们研发产品截然不同才令这次联合让人大吃一惊。因此，C为正确答案。A选项有一定的迷惑性，但是要注意到文中第一段的 marriage不是"结婚"的意思，而是"合并、合作"的意思。B和D选项都与原文意思无关。
2.Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?        2.为什么皮尔斯•哈丁•罗尔斯认为这次联姻具有战略意义？
[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with "World of Warcraft".        [A] Activision公司一直想要和"战舰世界"合作。
[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.        [B]Vivendi公司可以从Activision公司那里获得更大的份额和更好的管理资源。
[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.        [C] 这个交易对双方都有益，因为他们可以充分结合各自的人才推出更加多种多样的游戏。
[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry's trend in the future.        [D]这个交易使得他们成为本行业未来发展趋势的决定性力量。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。皮尔斯认为这项交易的达成有重大的战略意义，那么应该是对未来有一定的意义。紧接着就说Activision已经觊觎"战舰世界"很久了，而且Vivendi公司也可以获得对本公司有利的帮助，而更重要的是它们从此后将对本行业发展潮流有着决定作用。因此，比较而言，答案D最佳。
3. The word "lucrative" (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____.        3."lucrative"这个词（第三段第三行）最有可能的意思是_____。
[A] profitable        [A] 盈利的
[B] luxurious        [B] 奢华的
[C] entertaining        [C] 娱乐的
[D] populous        [D] 人多的
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析] 猜词题。根据上下文来判断该词的意思，上文是说"战舰世界"是世界上最流行的网上基于注册的游戏，而下文说的是"暴风雪"今年可以赢利的数额，那么可以大致推断是关于"战舰世界"盈利方面的，答案A 最为符合。D选项populous 与 popular意思不同，但从字面上看有一定迷惑定，需要加强对形似单词的区分能力。
4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____.        4. 该产业塑造的第一个趋势是_____。
[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.        [A] 促使人们上网来开发自己的游戏。
[B] building new audiences for the new social network of games.        [B] 为了新的社会交际游戏创造新的玩家。
[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.        [C] 利用新的操作器推展游戏。
[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.        [D] 拓展传统游戏的范畴并拓展新的市场。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]细节题。第三段和第四段讲述了塑造该产业的第一个趋势，其中第三段第一句话就提到了这一点，就是推进新的领域，包括传统的游戏和新开发的游戏，尤其是多人游戏和休闲游戏。接下来提到的社交**等等都是为了说明这一点，因此，选项D是正确答案。A选项指出让玩家自己来开发游戏，这显然是超出很多人的能力的，因此是不现实的。B选项表示只是第一个趋势中的部分内容，其概述不如D选项更加全面。
5. From the two trends we can infer that_____.        5.从这两个趋势我们可以推断出_____。
[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.        [A] 这个联盟是一个成功，因为它同时符合了两个趋势。
[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.        [B] 这个交易对双方都有利，能帮助他们赶超其他的媒体巨头
[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry's trends.        [C]新同盟集团又足够的能力来决定该产业的发展趋势。
[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to initiate and carry out the merger..        [D] 发起和实施这个联合确实具有战略性的意义。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。文章讲述了该产业的两个发展趋势，提及这两个趋势是由皮尔斯的一番话引起的，他认为这次联姻具有战略意义，189亿美元的成交足可以决定该行业的新趋势。那么紧接这讲述这两个趋势其实就是事实上的证明，因此，答案C最符合题意。A选项首先表述错误，因为现在没有人能够预言这项合作是否是一个成功。同时，B和C选项的表述过于夸大，不符合文章的客观语调。
参考译文：
　　新娘是挥舞着吉他的摇滚悍妇，新郎是一身肌肉的杀龙者，这一对是在古怪，也怪不得没有人相信他们能结合在一起。但是12月2日，"吉他英雄"和"战舰世界 " 的两个视频游戏公司--Activision和Vivendi公司宣布了他们的精心策划后的联姻。Vivendi是一家法国媒体公司，它准备将自己的游戏单元以及17亿美元现金注入到Activision公司。联合体自后再从Activision股东那里买回股份，将Vivendi在联合公司的股份提到到 68%。
　　新公司仍由Activision公司老总博比•Kotick来执舵，新公司名为"Activision 暴风雪"，去这个名字是为了酬谢Vivendi注入的主要的游戏资产--子公司"暴风雪娱乐"，该公司属于"战舰世界"，是一个拥有930万注册者的在线"剑与巫术"游戏。这笔生意出乎大家意料，但却有非凡的战略意义，Screen Digest的顾问皮尔斯•哈丁•罗尔斯这样说。Activision 对"战舰世界"已经觊觎很久，而Vivendi公司也因此获得了更大的游戏份额，拥有Activision公司优秀的管理团队来为之运营。同样对双方有利的是，189亿美元的分量是视频游戏产业中最大的，因此其决策将对未来该产业的发展趋势起着举足轻重的作用。
　　第一个趋势是推进新的市场，尤其在风靡于亚洲的在线多人游戏领域和"休闲游戏"，这种游戏对那些不把自己当玩游戏的人有吸引力。"战舰世界"是全球最流行的在线注册游戏，盈利巨大。"暴风雪"今年收入将达11亿美元，操作利润就有5.2亿美元。Kotick 先生评价说，"战舰世界"是真正的"拥有众多娱乐成份的交际性网络"。
　　他说，同样的，"吉他英雄"和其他游戏也没有用普通的按钮和操作杆，而是使用了新式控制器，通过重点强调其交际性的特点来增加游戏的吸引力，因为这些游戏很容易就可以开始，而且可以和朋友一起玩。Kotick 先生说，交际游戏是为这个产业创造新玩家的"最强大的趋势"。很明显地，他谈到利用"暴风雪"的技术来向亚洲市场推行"吉他英雄"在线版的前景时十分兴奋。哈丁•罗尔斯说，象最先开始于韩国的"在线试听"这样的在线音乐游戏"在亚洲是份额很大的"。
　　第二种趋势就是媒体集团在游戏方面兴趣不断增加。Vivendi拥有"四大"唱片之一的"全球音乐"。由于唱片行业销售衰退，它就转向游戏，这是更为年轻且成长迅速的一种媒介，拥有很多跨市场型的机遇。（比如Activision 可能就要从"全球音乐"曲目中为自己的音乐游戏搜索一些素材，而这样反过来又促进了唱片的销售。）其他的媒体集团也大体一样。去年，美国媒体巨头 Viacom收购了Harmonix公司，"吉他巨人"最初就是由该公司创造出来的。目前它利用自己的MTV音乐频道推展新游戏--"摇滚乐队"。 Viacom还创造了在线虚拟世界，这个游戏和几个电视频道如"Laguna Beach"、"Pimp My Ride"取得了联合。迪斯尼也于八月份购买了"企鹅俱乐部"，这是专门为孩子创造的虚拟世界。华纳时代通过其华纳兄弟家庭娱乐公司也涉足游戏业，该公司出版了自己的名称，并于上个月收购了TT 游戏公司（该公司为"lego 星际争霸"游戏旗下的英国公司。）
TEXT SIX
　　The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many. Few outside the Nordic world would recognise the work of this Finnish artist who died in 1946. More people should. The 120 works have at their core 20 self-portraits, half the number she painted in all. The first, dated 1880, is of a wide-eyed teenager eager to absorb everything. The last is a sighting of the artist's ghost-to-be; Schjerfbeck died the year after it was made. Together this series is among the most moving and accomplished autobiographies-in-paint.
　　Precociously gifted, Schjerfbeck was 11 when she entered the Finnish Art Society's drawing school. "The Wounded Warrior in the Snow", a history painting, was bought by a private collector and won her a state travel grant when she was 17. Schjerfbeck studied in Paris, went on to Pont-Aven, Brittany, where she painted for a year, then to Tuscany, Cornwall and St Petersburg. During her 1887 visit to St Ives, Cornwall, Schjerfbeck painted "The Convalescent". A child wrapped in a blanket sits propped up in a large wicker chair, toying with a sprig. The picture won a bronze medal at the 1889 Paris World Fair and was bought by the Finnish Art Society. To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences. At four, she fell down a flight of steps and never fully recovered.
　　In 1890, Schjerfbeck settled in Finland. Teaching exhausted her, she did not like the work of other local painters, and she was further isolated when she took on the care of her mother (who lived until 1923). "If I allow myself the freedom to live a secluded life", she wrote, "then it is because it has to be that way." In 1902, Schjerfbeck and her mother settled in the small, industrial town of Hyvinkaa, 50 kilometres north of Helsinki. Isolation had one desired effect for it was there that Schjerfbeck became a modern painter. She produced still lives and landscapes but above all moody yet incisive portraits of her mother, local school girls, women workers in town (profiles of a pensive, aristocratic looking seamstress dressed in black stand out). And of course she painted herself. Comparisons have been made with James McNeill Whistler and Edvard Munch. But from 1905, her pictures became pure Schjerfbeck.
　　"I have always searched for the dense depths of the soul, that have not yet discovered themselves", she wrote, "where everything is still unconscious-there one can make the greatest discoveries." She experimented with different kinds of underpainting, scraped and rubbed, made bright rosy red spots; doing whatever had to be done to capture the subconscious-her own and that of her models. In 1913, Schjerfbeck was rediscovered by an art dealer and journalist, Gosta Stenman. Once again she was a success. Retrospectives, touring exhibitions and a biography followed, yet Schjerfbeck remained little known outside Scandinavia. That may have had something to do with her indifference to her renown. "I am nothing, absolutely nothing", she wrote. "All I want to do is paint". Schjerfbeck was possessed of a unique vision, and it is time the world recognised that.  
1.  Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because_____.
[A] her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world
[B] her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world
[C] her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them
[D] her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts
2.  Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[A] "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.
[B] "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood.
[C] "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood.
[D] "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's stunned, melancholy expression.
3．Schejerbeck chose to live a secluded life mainly because of  ____.
[A] she was exhausted by her teaching job
[B] her personality prefers this kind of style
[C] she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters
[D] her mother's health condition required her to adopt such a life style.
4．Schjerfbeck remained little known outside the Nordic world probably because_____.
[A] she did not make efforts to publicize her works.
[B] she knew that her works would gain worldwide recognition one day.
[C] she only cared about her painting instead of personal fame.
[D] the last thing she was interested in was to have people disturb her
5. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is_____.
[A] her vivid characterization of common people
[B] her capture of the characters' soul
[C] the melancholy expression of the characters
[D] her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements
篇章剖析：
　　这篇文章介绍了画家Schejerbeck的创作经历。第一段先有画展引出本文的主人公Schejerbeck来；第二段讲述Schejerbeck早期的创作经历和成绩；第三段讲述Schejerbeck创作如何成熟的；第四段讲述Schejerbeck创作的体会和特点。
词汇注释：
haunting adj不易忘怀的，常浮现在心头的              
leg n. 最后一程　　
precociously  adv. 过早地                           
sprig n. 植物的小枝                                                                    
redeem v. 弥补，补救                              
moody adj. 喜怒无常的, 忧悒
incisive adj. 尖刻的                                   
convalescent n.恢复期病人; adj. 恢复期的;渐愈的
难句突破:
(1) The haunting paintings of Helene Schjerfbeck, on show in the final leg of a travelling tour that has already attracted thousands of visitors in Hamburg and The Hague, may come as a surprise to many.
[主体句式] The haunting paintings may come as a surprise to many.
[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，主语有一个比较复杂的介词短语做定语on show...，在这个介词短语中，充当状语的介词短语中介词的宾语带有以that引导的定语从句。
[句子译文] 海琳•Schjerfbeck那些让人不易忘怀的画在这次巡展最后的展出将会给人带来许多惊喜，而其实这次巡展已经吸引了汉堡和海牙成千上万的游客。
(2)To a modern eye it seems almost sentimental and is redeemed only by the somewhat stunned, melancholy expression on the child's face, which may have been inspired by Schjerfbeck's early experiences.
[主体句式] It seems almost sentimental and is redeemed only by ...
[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，第二个分句的状语比较复杂，介词短语的宾语expression带有一个由which引导的非限定性定语从句。
[句子译文]  一个现代人看来这幅画仿佛是感伤的，只有孩子有点发呆、忧郁的表情算是一点缓和。这可能是Schjerfbeck小时候的经历触发而创作的。
题目分析：
1. Schjerfbeck's paintings may come as a surprise to many because_____.        1.许多人看到 Schjerfbeck的作品都会大吃一惊因为_____。
[A] her paintings are rarely known outside the Nordic world        [A] 日耳曼世界之外很少有人知道她的作品。
[B] her paintings have never been on show out of the Nordic world        [B]她的作品从没在日耳曼世界之外的地方展览过。
[C] her paintings have the power to haunt people whoever have seen them        [C] 她的作品会反复出没于欣赏过她画作的人们脑海中。
[D] her paintings focus on supernatural elements such as ghosts        [D]她的作品注重一些超自然的因素，诸如鬼神等。
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析] 推理题。文章第一段提到，Scandinavia作品巡回展在德国和海牙吸引了好多人，大部分的人看到她的作品都会吃惊，紧接着就说日耳曼世界之外很少有人见过她的作品，但是她的作品理应受到更多人的观赏。可以推测，她的作品是比较优秀的作品，但因为大多数人从没见过，第一次看到会感觉震惊。因此，主要原因是日耳曼世界之外很少有人知道她的作品。B选项显然与原文不符，因为她的作品在日耳曼之外的地区也展示过。C和D只是片面概括了她作品的一些特点，并不符合题意。
2． Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?        2．根据文章，下列哪一个论述是正确的？
[A] "The Convalescent" is in fact a portrait of Schjerbeck in her childhood.        [A] "正在康复的人"实际上是Schjerbeck描述自己儿童时期的一幅自画像。
[B] "The Convalescent" is a reflection of Schejerbeck's sentimental childhood.        [B] "正在康复的人"反应了Schjerbeck感伤的儿童时代。
[C] "The Convalescent" is made as a result of an accident in Schejerbeck's childhood.        [C] "正在康复的人"是因Schjerbeck儿童时期发生的一起意外才创作的。
[D] "The Convalescent" is featured by the child's stunned, melancholy expression.        [D] "正在康复的人"主要突出描绘了儿童发呆、忧郁的表情。
[答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。题目是有关Schjerbeck 早期作品"正在康复的人"，文中提到对于一双现代的眼睛来说，这幅作品比较感伤，只是孩子有点发呆、忧郁的表情稍微缓和了这种情绪，这幅作品可能是受其儿童时期经历的影响才创作的，因为她小时候从楼梯上摔了下来。因此，四个选项中，A 并不是她的自画像；B 这幅画并不是要表现她感伤的儿童时代，只是儿童时期经历过一次意外摔伤是创作这幅画的诱因而已；C说明了创作诱因，是正确的；D于文章内容不符。
3．Schejerbeck chose to live a secluded life mainly because ____.        3．Schejerbeck选择了一种隐居生活主要因为_____。
[A] she was exhausted by her teaching job        [A] 她厌倦了教书的生活。
[B] her personality prefers this kind of style        [B] 她个性使得她选择了这样的一种生活方式。
[C] she could not appreciate the work of the other local painters        [C] 她不喜欢当地其他画家的作品。
[D] her mother's bad health condition required her to adopt such a life style        [D] 她母亲身体不好，因此她必须以这种方式生活。
[答案] B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。Schejerbeck选择了过隐居生活，这在文章第二段中有具体描述。首先她厌倦了教授绘画的工作，也不喜欢当地其他画家的作品，再加上她负担起照顾母亲的责任，她就最终选择了隐居，她自己提到这个时说："如果我允许自己选择了一种隐居地生活，那是因为事情就得是这样了。"分析她隐居的原因，最主要的还是前两个，一个是厌倦了绘画工作，一个是不喜欢当地其他画家作品，这都与她的个性有关。因此，追根究底其原因是她本身性格原因。
4．Schjerfbeck remained little known outside the Nordic world probably because_____.        4．Schejerbeck 在日耳曼之外的世界少有人知道是因为_____。
[A] she did not make efforts to publicize her works.        [A] 她没有花力气去宣传自己的作品。
[B] she knows that her works would gain worldwide recognition one day.        [B] 她知道自己的作品总有一天会得到世界的承认。
[C] she only cared about her painting instead of personal fame.        [C] 她只关心她的绘画，对名利并不感兴趣。
[D] the last thing she was interested in was to have people disturb her.        [D] 她最不感兴趣的事情就是让别人打扰她。
[答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。文章最后一段提到，虽然有作品回顾展、巡回展出、传记，但是在斯坎的纳维亚之外很少人知道她。这也许和她对声望不予理会有关。"我不是什么名人，绝对不是，"她这样写道，"我需要的只是绘画。"文章强调她只关心绘画，不关心自己的名望，这是她不是很出名的主要原因。因此，C为正确答案。A和D都是她的一些行为，这些行为归根结底的原因还是在与C选项。而B选项显得夸口很大，显然不符合她的低调风格。
5. We can infer from the passage that the most outstanding characteristics of Schjerfbeck's paintings is_____.        5．从文章可以推断出Schejerbeck作品最显著的特点是_____。
[A] her vivid characterization of common people        [A] 她对于普通人的生动刻画
[B] her capture of the characters' soul        [B] 她抓住了人物的灵魂
[C] the melancholy expression of the characters        [C] 人物忧郁的表情
[D] her unconscious sense of some mysterious elements        [D] 她有意识地使用了一些神秘因素
[答案] B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。关于Schejerbeck作品的特点，文章并没有直接提及，但是可以从字里行间判断出来。Schejerbeck的作品主要是人物，在最后一段中提到她为了把握人物灵魂深处，运用了各种手段，可见，她作品的主要特点在于她对人物灵魂的把握，答案B正确。A和C都是她画作的一些表面特点，而起深刻因素还是在与抓住了人物的灵魂。D选项的表述虽然也是特点之一，但是也还是为B选项服务的。
参考译文:
　　海琳•Schjerfbeck那些让人不易忘怀的画在这次巡展最后的展出将会给人带来许多惊喜，而其实这次巡展已经吸引了汉堡和海牙成千上万的游客。日耳曼世界之外很少会有人认出这位于1946年去世的芬兰艺术家的作品来，但更多的人应该认出她的作品。在这120幅作品中心有二十幅是她的自画像，这是她所有创作的自画像的一半。第一副创作于1880年，是渴望吸收一切的一个大眼睛少年女孩，而最后一幅是艺术家即将成为鬼魂的一幕，而就是在这幅作品创作完毕后的那年她去世的。这个系列是最生动、最完美的自画像之一。
　　Schjerfbeck少年就富有天赋，11岁就进入了芬兰艺术协会的绘画学校。"雪中受伤的战士"是一幅历史画，由一位私人收藏家买走，从而她在十七岁就赢得了可以环游整个国家的资金。她在巴黎学习，后来又到不列塔尼的Pont-Aven，在那里她画了一年，随后又去了托斯卡纳区、康沃尔和圣彼得堡。 1887年访问康沃尔的圣艾夫斯期间，她创作了"正在康复的病人"。裹着一条毯子的一个小孩靠着一把大柳条椅坐着，手里玩着一个小树枝。这幅作品在 1889年巴黎世界展览上赢得了铜牌，被芬兰艺术协会买走。一个现代人看来这幅画仿佛是感伤的，只有孩子有点发呆、忧郁的表情算是一点缓和。这可能是 Schjerfbeck小时候的经历触发而创作的。她四岁时从楼梯上摔了下来，后来再没有痊愈过。
　　1890年，Schjerfbeck在芬兰定居。她厌烦了那些课程，她不喜欢其他当地画家的作品，而后来当他开始照顾她母亲（活到1923年）时就变得更孤立了。"如果我允许自己选择了一种隐居地生活"她写道，"那是因为事情就得是这样了。"1902年，Schjerfbeck和她母亲定居在了工业小镇 Hyvinkaa上，在赫尔辛基北面50公里的地方。
　　不过与世隔绝倒是有一种理想的效果，因为就是在那里Hyvinkaa转变为一名现代画家。她画了许多静止的生命和景物，但最重要的是画了她那忧悒、尖刻的母亲，还有当地上学的女孩、小镇上的女工人（其中一位穿黑衣的沉思的、具有贵族气质的女裁缝师的侧面像最为突出）。当然她还画了自己。她的画和詹姆士•McNeill •惠斯勒、埃德瓦•蒙克都做过对比，但从1905年开始，她的作品变成纯粹的Schjerfbeck风格了词汇突破：
　　"我一直在寻找灵魂的最深处，但是它们还是没有找到自己，"她这样写道，"哪里有无意识的东西，哪里人们就有最伟大的发现。"她尝试着使用了不同的画底色，刮了，擦了，画出了明亮的玫瑰红点；她做了一切自己能做的去捕捉潜意识--她自己的，还有她的那些模特的。1913年，Schjerfbeck被一位艺术商人兼记者Gosta Stenman重新发现。这一次她又成功了。作品回顾展、巡回展出，接着是一部传记，但是在斯坎的纳维亚之外很少人知道她。这也许和她对声望不予理会有关。"我不是什么名人，绝对不是，"她这样写道，"我需要的只是绘画。" Schjerfbeck有独特的眼光，现在是该由全世界认识她的时候了。
TEXT SEVEN
　　　When Catholic clergy or "pro-life" politicians argue that abortion laws should be tightened, they do so in the belief that this will reduce the number of terminations. Yet the largest global study of abortion ever undertaken casts doubt on that simple proposition. Restricting abortions, the study says, has little effect on the number of pregnancies terminated. Rather, it drives women to seek illegal, often unsafe backstreet abortions leading to an estimated 67,000 deaths a year. A further 5m women require hospital treatment as a result of botched procedures.
　　In Africa and Asia, where abortion is generally either illegal or restricted, the abortion rate in 2003 (the latest year for which figures are available) was 29 per 1,000 women aged 15-44. This is almost identical to the rate in Europe-28-where legal abortions are widely available. Latin America, which has some of the world's most restrictive abortion laws, is the region with the highest abortion rate (31), while western Europe, which has some of the most liberal laws, has the lowest (12).
　　The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries-35m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries. But this was largely a reflection of population size. A woman's likelihood of having an abortion is similar whether she lives in a rich country (26 per 1,000) or a poor or middle-income one (29).
　　Lest it be thought that these sweeping continental numbers hide as much as they reveal, the same point can be made by looking at those countries which have changed their laws. Between 1995 and 2005, 17 nations liberalised abortion legislation, while three tightened restrictions. The number of induced abortions nevertheless declined from nearly 46m in 1995 to 42m in 2003, resulting in a fall in the worldwide abortion rate from 35 to 29. The most dramatic drop-from 90 to 44-was in former communist Eastern Europe, where abortion is generally legal, safe and cheap. This coincided with a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world's highest abortion rate, with more terminations than live births.
　　The risk of dying in a botched abortion is only part of a broader problem of maternal health in poor countries. Of all the inequalities of development, this is arguably the worst. According to a report published this week by Population Action International, a Washington-based lobby group, women in poor countries are 250 times more likely to die in pregnancy or childbirth than women in rich ones. （2）Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week. Africa accounted for more than half such deaths.As the UN report noted, countries with the highest levels of maternal mortality have made the least progress towards reducing it. A woman in Africa has a one in 16 chance of dying in pregnancy or childbirth, compared with one in 3,800 for a woman in the rich world.
1. The word "botched" (Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
[A] awkward
[B] wrong
[C] backward
[D] bungled
2.The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that_____.
[A] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country's national wealth.
[B] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country's restricting measures on abortion.
[C] the abortion rate cannot be lowered through the legal measures.
[D] the abortion rate cannot be lowered by the implement of tightened abortion laws.
3. The conclusion of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that _____.
[A] the abortion rate in countries with strict aboriton laws is higher than that of the counties with liberal laws.
[B] there are much more abortions occuring in developing countries than in developed countries.
[C] there was a dramatic drop in former communist Easter Europe between 1995 and 2005.
[D] there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world's highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005.
4. Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countires because of _____.
[A] botched procedures of abortion in poor countries
[B] inequalities of development between rich and poor countries
[C] ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries
[D] strict abortion laws in poor countries
5. The passage is mainly about_____.
[A] a study on the aborition rate between developed and developing countries
[B] a study on the aborition laws in different countries
[C] a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries
[D] a study on the influence of the aboriton laws on the abortion rate
文章剖析
　　这篇文章介绍了严格限制堕胎的法律对堕胎率的实际影响。文章第一段提出一项全球调查表明限制堕胎对降低堕胎率影响很小；第二段给出一些数据说明严格的堕胎法律不能降低堕胎率，反而起到相反作用；第三段指出大部分堕胎发生在发展中国家；第四段用另外一组数据说明了堕胎法与堕胎率的关系；第五段是一个引申，引申到贫穷国家妇女健康问题。
词汇注释:
botch v. 做的拙劣                     
contraceptive adj. 避孕的
lest conj.以免, 免得                  
sweeping adj. 范围广大的, 总括的; 笼统的
难句突破：
(1)   The study, carried out by the Guttmacher Institute in New York in collaboration with the World Health Organisation (WHO) and published in a British medical journal, the Lancet, found that most abortions occur in developing countries-35m a year, compared with just 7m in rich countries.
[主体句式] The study found that...
[结构分析]这是一个复合句，其主语的定语为两个并列的分词短语：carried out by... 和published in...，而宾语从句中破折号后面的成分可以看作是补语。
[句子译文]这项研究由纽约的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组织合作进行，发表于英国医疗期刊Lancet上，该研究发现大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国家，一年大约有3500万例，而在富裕国家中一年只有700万例。
(2)    Of the 535,000 women who died in childbirth or from pregnancy-related complications in 2005, 99% were in developing countries, according to another report by a group of UN agencies, including WHO, also out this week.
[主体句式]  99% were in developing country.
[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，由of构成的介词短语是句子主语的定语，该介词短语中有一个who引导的定语从句修饰名词women；according to构成的介词短语是句子的状语，在该状语中also out this week是report的补语。
[句子译文] 而根据本周联合国机构（包括世界卫生组织）的一个组织的另外一个报道，2005年死于生产或怀孕相关并发症的53万5千名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。
题目分析：
1. The word "botched" (Line 5, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.        1."botched"这个词（第五段第五行）最有
可能指_____。
[A] awkward        [A] 笨拙的
[B] wrong        [B] 错误的
[C] backward        [C] 落后的
[D] inferior        [D] 低劣的
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]猜词题。根据上下文，限制流产会逼迫妇女去进行一些非法的、不安全的秘密堕胎，从而引发死亡，还有另外一些妇女因为某些程序需要进行住院治疗。那么可以推断，这种程序因为实在非法的不安全的地方进行的，比如一些小诊所，那么应该是一些拙劣的手术程序，答案D符合。

2.The fact that the abortion rate in Africa and Asia in 2003 is almost identical to that in Europe implies that_____.        2.2003年非洲亚洲的堕胎率几乎和欧洲的相同，这个
事实说明_____。
[A] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country's national wealth.        [A] 堕胎率和一个国家的富裕程度无关。
[B] the abortion rate has nothing to do with a country's restricting measures on abortion.        [B]堕胎率和一个国家限制堕胎的措施无关。
[C] the abortion rate cannot be lowered through the legal measures.        [C] 通过法律措施不能降低堕胎率。
[D] the abortion rate cannot be lowered by the implement of tightened abortion laws.        [D] 实施从紧的堕胎法律不能降低堕胎率。
[答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。文章第二段指出，虽然亚洲非洲在堕胎方面限制严格，欧洲堕胎合法，但堕胎率却相同。下文又提到虽然拉美国家又最严厉的堕胎法，但堕胎率最高，而欧洲法律最宽松，堕胎率却最高。再结合第一段提到研究发现限制堕胎并不能降低堕胎数量。可以得出，题目中的这个事实也说明了严格的堕胎法并不能有效降低堕胎率。
3. The conclusion  of the study can be proved by the following proofs offered in the passage except that _____.        3.下属选项除了_____都能证明研究得出的结论。
[A] the aboriton rate in countries with strict aboriton laws is higher than that of the counties with liberal laws.        [A]有严格限制堕胎法律的国家的堕胎率比实施
宽松堕胎法律国家的高。
[B] there are much more abortions occuring in developing countries than in developed countries.        [B] 发展中国家堕胎例数比发达国家多。
[C] there was a dramatic drop in in former communist Easter Europe between 1995 and 2005.        [C]1995到2005年期间，前共产主义东欧的堕胎率急剧
降低。
[D] there was a big increase in contraceptive use in the region which still has the world's highest abortion rate between 1995 and 2005.        [D] 从1995年到2005年期间避孕措施大幅度增加的国家而今
仍拥有世界最高的堕胎率。
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析] 推理题。题干要求找出哪个论据不能证明本文中提到的研究得出的结论，首先由文章第一段得知该研究的结论是限制堕胎对降低终止怀孕数量影响颇微，而文章中心也是在论证限制堕胎并不能有效降低堕胎率。那么，选项A是文章第二段的论据，可以说明这一点。B在第四段中提到，但提到这一点主要是由于人口数量的原因，因此不能证明研究结论。C在第五段提到，世界整体放松对堕胎的法律限制引起了堕胎率的下降，特别是前社会主义东欧，这一点也可以说明。D也在第五段提及，虽然堕胎措施加大，但效果却相反，也可以证明。因此，只有B是不能证明该结论的。
4. Women in poor countries are much more likely dying in childbirth or pregnancy than women in rich countires because of _____.        4. 相对富裕国家，贫穷国家的妇女死于生产或怀孕的可能性更大，这是因为_____。
[A] botched procedures of abortion between rich and poor countries        [A] 贫穷国家低劣的堕胎手术程序
[B] inequalities of development in poor countries        [B] 贫穷国家发展的不平衡。
[C] ignorance of and little emphasis on the maternal health in poor countries        [C] 贫穷国家对妇女健康问题知之甚少且重视不足。
[D] strict abortion laws in poor countries        [D] 贫穷国家实施严格的堕胎法律。
[答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析] 细节题。题干提到的问题在最后一段中提到，首先提到因低劣的堕胎而死的危险只是贫穷国家妇女健康的一方面问题而已，因此A选项错误。而该段进一步指出，联合国的一个报道发现孕产妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该死亡率进行努力的进展也最慢，因此主要原因就是这些国家不注重这方面问题的解决。因此，答案B为正确答案。B选项显然与原文物无关，而D选项与实际情况并不相符。
5. The passage is mainly about_____.        5．这篇文章主要是关于_____。
[A] a study on the aborition rate between developed and developing countries        [A] 对发达国家和发展中不同堕胎率的研究。
[B] a study on the aborition laws in different countries        [B] 对不同国家堕胎法律的研究。
[C] a study on the general maternal health condition in different countries        [C] 对不同国家妇女健康总体情况的研究。
[D] a study on the influence of the aboriton laws on the abortion rate.        [D] 关于堕胎法对堕胎率影响的研究。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 主旨题。这篇文章主要通过一个全球的研究说明实施严格的堕胎法对降低堕胎并没有影响，反而有相反的效果。因此，文章主要是关于堕胎法对堕胎率影响的研究，D为正确答案。文章的各个段落中也涉及到了其他三个选项的内容，但都不是文章的主题，而是围绕着主题分别展开论述的
参考译文
　　天主教牧师或反对堕胎合法化的政治家们要求加紧堕胎方面法律，他们这样做是因为相信这样就可以降低堕胎数量。然而迄今为止最大的全球堕胎调查却让大家对这个简单的主张产生了怀疑。该研究表明，限制堕胎对降低终止怀孕数量影响颇微，这样反而使得妇女寻求一些非法不安全的秘密堕胎，每年因此死亡的妇女达六万七千人，还有另外500万妇女因为手术拙劣需要住院治疗。
　　一般来说，堕胎在非洲和亚洲或是非法的，或是受到限制，2003年（可提供数据的最近年份）其堕胎率为每1000名15至44岁的妇女中有29名。这个数字和欧洲堕胎率几乎相同（欧洲为28名），而在欧洲堕胎广为可行。而拥有世界上最严格的堕胎法的拉丁美洲有最高的堕胎率（31名），而在世界上最宽松的堕胎法律的西欧堕胎率最低（12名）。
　　这项研究由纽约的Guttmacher研究所和世界卫生组织合作进行，发表于英国医疗期刊Lancet上，该研究发现大多数堕胎都发生在发展中国家，一年大约有3500万例，而在富裕国家中一年只有700万例。不过这在很大程度上也反映了人口规模。一个妇女不论在哪里，堕胎的可能性大致相同，如果在富裕国家是千分之二十六，在贫穷或中等收入国家是千分之二十九。
　　为了避免人们认为这些规模庞大的大陆性数字揭示了一些现象，但也同样掩盖了一些，那么只要看看那些改革法律的国家的情况，这一点也同样可以证实。1995 年至2005年期间，有17个国家放宽了堕胎法律，有3个国家加强了堕胎的限制，然而堕胎数量却从1995年的近4600万例下降为2003年的4200 万例，使得全世界堕胎率由千分之三十五下降到千分之二十九。而最大的降幅--从千分之九十降到千分之四十四--发生在前共产主义的东欧，在该国家堕胎一般是合法的、安全的，而且是廉价的。而在同一时期，世界上堕胎率最高的地区（堕胎数比出生人数多），其避孕措施使用则增幅较大。
　　在贫穷国家，因拙劣的堕胎技术而死亡的风险只不过是妇女健康这个广泛的问题的一部分而已。但在所有的发展的不平衡中，是最糟糕的。基地在华盛顿的一个游说团组织"国际人口行动"本周发表的一篇报道声称，贫困国家妇女和富裕国家相比，其在怀孕或生产中死亡率是250倍。而根据本周联合国机构（包括世界卫生组织）的一个组织的另外一个报道，2005年死于生产或怀孕相关并发症的53万5千名妇女中，99%是在发展中国家。半数以上的死亡妇女在非洲。正如联合国报道所指出的，孕产妇死亡率最高的国家为降低该死亡率进行努力的进展也最慢。一个非洲妇女因怀孕或生产的死亡几率是16次中有一次，而在富裕国家这个数字为3800中有一次。
TEXT EIGHT
　　After receiving a six-year prison sentence on July 31st, Sanjay Dutt, an Indian film star, begged for bail while he appealed against it. "Sir, I made a mistake," he said. But the judge said no. Mr Dutt's crime-to have procured two guns from Muslim mobsters who were responsible for bomb attacks in Mumbai in 1993-was serious. Yet he urged Mr Dutt, 48, to return to the silver screen after serving his sentence. "Don't get perturbed," he said. "You have many years to go and work, like the 'Mackenna's Gold' actor Gregory Peck."  
　　Thus ended one of the longest song-and-dances in India's criminal legal history. Mr Dutt was convicted last year, having already spent 16 months in jail. He was acquitted of direct involvement in the bombings, which killed 257 people. They were carried out in 1993 in revenge for the demolition of an ancient mosque in the Hindu holy city of Ayodhya by Hindu fanatics, and subsequent Hindu-Muslim rioting. Some 100 people have been found guilty of the bombing. They have all been sentenced in the past three months, including a dozen to death and 20 to life- imprisonment. But the alleged masterminds of the attacks are still at large. One of them, a Mumbai gangster called Dawood Ibrahim, is alleged by Indian officials to be linked to al-Qaeda and to be hiding in Pakistan.                                
　　Despite the bleak immediate outlook, Mr Dutt, who made his name playing tough-guy anti-heroes, is unlikely to find his career much damaged. The son of two of Bollywood's biggest stars, a Hindu-Muslim couple, he has garnered enormous sympathy for his suffering. Many Indians believe his claim that he wanted the guns to protect his family during the riots. Other Bollywood stars express support for Mr Dutt as passionately as their Hollywood peers worry about global warming.
　　Then again, Bollywood is rather shady. Gangsters and crooked politicians have long laundered ill-gotten money through film productions. Indeed Mr Dutt was investigated over money-laundering allegations in 2001. Other recent Bollywood stars to grace the courts include Monica Bedi, an actress convicted of dealing in fake passports. Her accomplice was another Mumbai gangster, Abu Salem, who delivered the guns to Mr Dutt, and is currently awaiting trial for his alleged part in the 1993 bombings.
　　An even bigger Bollywood star, Salman Khan, is appealing against two prison sentences of five years and one year for poaching respectively an endangered antelope and two gazelles. A Bollywood film about the case has been scheduled. Mr Khan has also had to battle a four-year-old charge that he recklessly drove his car over five people sleeping on a pavement in Mumbai, killing one of them.
　　Bollywood's biggest star, Amitabh Bachchan, also known as "the Big B", is, in contrast, venerated. Where Mr Khan is vain and brash, he has a reputation for humility and Hindu piety. But even this has been imperilled of late by revelations that Mr Bachchan and his film-star son, Abhishek, bought valuable plots of land reserved for farmers. They registered themselves thus after being allotted farmland by a former government of the state of Uttar Pradesh, led by the Samajwadi party. Mr Bachchan is close to one of the party's leading lights, Amar Singh, a famed socialite. Mr Bachchan's wife, Jaya, an actress, is now also a Samajwadi politician.
1.The judge said no because _____.
[A] he believed Dutt was wronged and showed no sympathy.
[B] he did not think Dutt had committed a crime.
[C] he thought Dutt had committed a serious crime.
[D] he thought Gregory Peck was Dutt's good example.
2. The comparison of Bollywood stars' support for Dutt to Holleywood's worries about global warming implies_____.
[A] Bollywood stars are more sympathetic than their Hollywood peers.
[B] Bollywood stars express their support in a modest way.
[C] Bollywood stars back up Dutt with strong support and full passion.
[D] Bollywood stars are also concerned with environmental issues.
3. The phrase "grace the courts" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____.
[A] present oneself in the courts
[B] appeal against the courts
[C] be sentenced by the courts
[D]show respect to the courts
4. Accroding to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Mr. Khan except_____.
[A] venerated
[B] vain and brash
[C] reckless and mindless
[D] cruel
5. The best title of this passage can be _____.
[A] The Shady Bollywood
[B] Mr Dutt's Legal History
[C] Shady Stars of Bollywood
[D] Bollywood or Bullywood
篇章剖析：
　　这篇文章主要介绍了Bollywood影星违反法律的一些个案。文章第一段、第二段介绍了影星Dutt先生的案件；第三段讲述民众对Dutt的宽容和支持；第三段开始转向Bollywood其他影星犯罪的一些情况介绍，主要介绍了影星莫尼卡的个案；第四段介绍Khan的案件；第五段介绍 Bachchan的案件。
词汇注释：
bail n. 保释
procure v.获得, 取得
at large　不受控制的；逍遥法外的；
perturb v. 使非常烦恼；使不安，使忧虑
demolition n. n.破坏, 毁坏
poach v. 偷猎
garner v.储存 anti-hero n.平凡的角色
accomplice n. n.同谋者, 帮凶
crooked adj. 不老实，无耻的；诈骗的
antelope n. 羚羊
gazelle n. 瞪羚
peer n. 同辈, 同等的人
socialite n. 社交名流
venerate v. 崇敬
难句突破：
(1)   They were carried out in 1993 in revenge for the demolition of an ancient mosque in the Hindu holy city of Ayodhya by Hindu fanatics, and subsequent Hindu-Muslim rioting.
[主体句式]  They were carried out ...
[结构分析]  这是一个简单句，具有比较复杂的状语，有一个时间状语，一个以in revenge for引导的目的状语；在该目的状语中，有两个介词宾语，the demolition  和rioting ；而在第一个宾语中，in the Hindu city of Ayodhya 和by Hindu fanatics都是用来修饰前面的the demolition的。
[句子译文]这些爆炸事件发生于1993年，是为了报复印度教狂热教徒毁坏了印度圣城Ayodhya一座古老的清真寺以及随后的印度--穆斯林暴乱。   
(2)   They registered themselves thus after being allotted farmland by a former government of the state of Uttar Pradesh, led by the Samajwadi party.
[主体句式] They registered themselves...
[结构分析] 这是一个简单句，句子的状语比较复杂。该状语是一个时间状语，状语最后的成份led by ...是一个过去分词短语，做前面the state of Utar Pradesh的定语。
[句子译文] amajwadi领导的前Uttar Pradesh州政府分配给他们这些土地后，他们就进行了注册。
题目分析：
1.The judge said no because _____.        1. 法官之所以说不是因为_____。
[A] he believed Dutt was not wronged and showed no sympathy.        [A] 他认为Dutt没有被冤枉，对他不表示丝毫同情
[B] he did not think Dutt had committed a crime.        [B] 他认为Dutt没有犯罪。
[C] he thought Dutt had committed a serious crime.        [C] 他认为Dutt 所犯罪行重大。
[D] he thought Gregory Peck was Dutt's good example.        [D]他认为格雷戈里•派克是Dutt最好的榜样。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析]细节题。本题有一定的迷惑性，要结合上下文来看。Dutt被判六年监禁，他现在在争取保释，在这种情况下，法官说不行，紧接着文章就做了说明，Dutt所犯罪行比较严重。因此，答案应选C。而具有迷惑性的是，法官说不这句话前面是Dutt说自己犯了一个错，如果考生将这两句话错误地认为是连在一起的话，就容易选错。
2. The comparison of Bollywood stars' support for Dutt to Holleywood's worries about global warming implies_____.        2.将Bollywood明星们对Dutt的支持和好莱坞影星对全球变暖的忧虑相比较暗示了_____。
[A] Bollywood stars are more sympathetic than their Hollywood peers.        [A] Bollywood明星要比其好莱坞的同行们
更富有同情心。
[B] Bollywood stars express their support in a modest way.        [B]Bollywood明星们以一种不愠不火的方式表达他
们的支持。
[C] Bollywood stars back up Dutt with strong support and full passion.        [C]Bollywood明星们强烈支持Dutt。
[D] Bollywood stars are also concerned about environmental issues.        [D]Bollywood明星们也很关心环境问题。
[答案] B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。文章第三段主要讲述了公众对于Dutt的同情和支持，在提到Bollywood明星们对他的支持时，说他们表达对他的支持就好像好莱坞影星们表达对全球变暖的担忧一样。而好莱坞影星们对全球变暖的担忧并不像科学家那么真切，大多数情况下只是一种态度的表示而已，可见Bollywood明星们对 Dutt的支持也只是一种比较温和的支持而已，因此，答案B为正确答案。
3. The phrase "grace the courts" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means_____.        3. 短语"grace thecourts"（第四段第三行）最有可能的意思是_____。
[A] present oneself in the courts        [A] 出现在法庭上。
[B] appeal against the courts        [B] 向法院上诉。
[C] be sentenced by the courts        [C] 被法庭判处刑罚。
[D] show respect to the courts        [D] 向法庭表示尊重。
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆
[分析]猜词题。结合上下文来推断这个短语的意思，文中提到近期其他的这类Bollywood影星有莫尼卡，她被指控从事假护照交易。这是从Dutt转向描写其他影星，可以看出这些影星都被指控，但还没有完全证实。那么这个短语应该是受到法庭的审讯，而grace有"使......增添光彩"的意思，引申来看，意思应该是"在法庭出现"，答案为A。
4. Accroding to the passage, the following adjectives can be used to describe Mr. Khan except_____.        4.根据本文，除了_____之外以下的形容词都可以
用来形容Khan 先生。
[A] venerated        [A] 受崇敬的
[B] vain and brash        [B] 自负的、无礼的
[C] reckless and mindless        [C] 鲁莽的、愚笨无知的
[D] cruel        [D] 残忍的
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析]细节题。本文第五段和第六段有关于Khan先生的介绍，第五段介绍他因捕杀濒临灭绝的动物而被判处监禁，他还曾鲁莽地压伤几个在人行道上睡觉的人，这两点可以说明他是残忍的，也比较鲁莽。而第六段提到他是为了和Bachchan作比较。文中提到，Where Mr Khan is vain and brash, he has a reputation for humility and Hindu piety. 该句子是一个转折句，主句中的he指的是Bachchan不是Khan,因此，Khan是自负、无礼的，而Bachchan是谦逊、虔诚的。因此，答案为A。
5. The best title of this passage can be _____.        5. 文章最好的题目是_____。
[A] The Shady Bollywood        [A] 阴暗的Bollywood
[B] Mr Dutt's Legal History        [B] Dutt先生的法律纠纷历史
[C] Shady Stars of Bollywood        [C] Bollywood的问题影星
[D] Bollywood or Bullywood?        [D] Bollywood还是坏人丛林？
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 主旨题。这篇文章由Khan先生的案例出发，介绍了Bollywood一些明星触犯法律的情况，选项B只是说明了文章介绍的一部分内容，不能作为题目；而ACD都可以作为题目，但是三个题目中D最为形象，是最好的题目。
参考译文：
　　8月31日，印度影星Sanjay Dutt被判处六年监禁，他提起上诉同时要求保释。"先生，我犯了个错，"他这样说。法官说不行。Dutt先生的罪行比较严重，从穆斯林匪徒那里拿到两支枪，而这些匪徒是1993年Mumbai爆炸袭击的主犯。不过，法官规劝48岁的Dutt先生服完行后重返银屏。"别烦恼，"他说，"你前面的路还长着呢，就像 ‘Mackenna's Gold'的演员格雷戈里一样。"
　　这样就结束了印度刑事法律历史最长的歌舞。去年Dutt被宣告有罪，已经在监狱服刑16个月。他被赦免直接参与爆炸事件的罪名,这些爆炸事件炸死了257 人。这些爆炸事件发生于1993年，是为了报复印度教狂热教徒毁坏了印度圣城Ayodhya一座古老的清真寺以及随后的印度--穆斯林暴乱。到目前已经发现有100人因该爆炸事件犯罪，并且已在过去三个月里进行了量刑，十几个人被判处死刑，20个人终身监禁。但是这些袭击的所谓的策划者仍然逍遥法外，印度官员断言其中一个名叫Dawood Ibrahim的Mumbai歹徒与基地组织有关系，目前藏匿在巴基斯坦。
　　尽管Dutt先生短期的前景看起来比较黯淡，但他已经因扮演硬汉式的平凡主角而出名，不会觉得自己的事业会因此被毁坏。作为两个Bollywood最大的影星、印度--穆斯林夫妻的儿子，他已经为自己的遭遇攒够了同情。许多印度人都相信他所说的是为了在暴乱中保护自己的家庭才要枪支。其他 Bollywood明星也对Dutt先生表示支持，程度不亚于他们好莱坞同行对全球性变暖的担心。
　　不过，Bollywood却是阴暗的。长时间以来许多匪徒和无耻的政客一旨在通过电影业洗黑钱。实际上，2001年Dutt先生就因为洗钱受到过调查，其他在法庭出现的Bollywood明星还有Monica Bedi，她被控从事假护照交易。其同伙是另外一个Mumbai 匪徒叫Abu Salem, 就是此人将枪支交给Dutt先生，目前他正在因被指控参加了1993年的爆炸事件而在等待审判。
　　一位更大的Bollywood明星SalmanKhan目前正在提起上诉，他因偷猎濒临绝灭的羚羊和瞪羚分别被一个五年监禁，一个一年监禁。目前关于这起案子的一个Bollywood电影已经在策划中。Khan先生还得为自己之前的一个已经进行了四年的指控反抗，当时他驾车鲁莽地压过了五个躺在人行道上睡觉的人，其中一人死亡。
　　相反地，Bollywood 最大的明星Amitabh Bachchan，一般人都称"大B",却受到崇敬。Khan自负而又无礼，而他但却因谦虚和印度教的虔诚而出名。但是目前有人揭发Bachchan先生和他的影星儿子Abhishek购买了本来预留给农民的宝贵的土地，因此他们也处于危险境地。Samajwadi领导的前Uttar Pradesh州政府分配给他们这些土地后，他们就进行了注册。Bachchan和该党一位著名的领袖Amar Singh，一位前社交名流交往颇密。而Bachchan先生的妻子Jaya是一位演员，她现在也是Samajwadi政治家。

TEXT NINE
　　Scores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers: permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.
　　Waving signs that read ''Shame on Viacom,'' the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits for freelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program for full-time employees had also undergone changes, and it emphasized that the plan for freelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancers receive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network ''Sick-elodeon.'' ''I've w**very day for three years -- I'm not a freelancer,'' Mr. Yonda said. ''They just call us freelancers in order to bar us from getting the same benefits as employees.''
　　The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible for benefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for 52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible for benefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401(k) plan was also removed. On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401(k) plan and said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible.
　　Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media Web site Gawker -- the first post was headlined ''The Viacom Permalance Slave System'' -- a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers and distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O'Hare, a unit manager who has worked for MTV for more than two years, said the new health care plan -- with higher deductibles and a $2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year -- had provoked outrage. ''They think they can treat us like children that don't have families, mortgages or dreams of retirement,'' she said.
　　Outside Viacom's headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, ''There's too many of us to ignore.'' It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company's payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises and falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-time employees, excluding freelancers, around the world.
　　Two freelancers and one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another labor action is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike for five weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.

1．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of MTV Networks' new benefits plan for freelancers?
[A] Its benefits plan for freelancers is highly competitive in the industry.
[B] Its freelancers cannot receive the same benefits as the full-time employees.
[C] The freelancers who are not eligible for benefits should start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.
[D] The freelancers are against the new plan which substantially but their benefit
2. According to the new benefits program of MTV Networks, the following freelancers are eligible for benefits except_____.
[A] those who have worked for 160 days
[B] those who have worked for 1 year.
[C] those who have worked since March.
[D] those who have worked since Jan. 1.
3.The word "reinstate" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____.
[A] redesign                                               
[B] restore
[C] repair
[D] reset
4. The MTV Networks spokeswoman did not provide the number of freelancers on the payroll mostly probably because_____.
[A] the figure fluctuates throughout the year and it is impossible to calculate the precise number
[B] the company wants to keep it as a secret so as to better stand the protest
[C] the company has no record of the freelancers since there is no such necessity
[D] the company does not want to provide the freelancers with benefits enjoyed by the full-time employee.
5. Towards MTV Networks' change on the benefits plan, the author's attitude can be said to be_____.
[A] affirmative
[B] negative
[C] biased
[D] neutral
文章剖析：
这篇文章介绍了MTV网络公司修改其对于雇用的自由职员的福利待遇方案的调整以及引起的反响。文章第一段第二段介绍MTV网络公司的自由职员举行罢工游行的情况；第三段讲述福利方案调整的一些内容；第四段讲述其他的一些抗议形式；第五段第六段是关于MTV网络公司雇用的自由职员的数量的一些情况。
词汇注释：
freelancer n. 自由职业者
reverse v. 撤销或取消
mediocre adj. 普通的，劣等的               
retribution n. 惩罚，报偿
reinstate n. 恢复                                                         
cohort n. 一群一群或一帮人
sticker n. 张贴物                                                        
flier n. 传单
deductible n. 扣除条款,保险单内的条款之一，免除保险人对被保险户承受的损失赔偿最初的规定的金额
picket v. 派出纠察员，在罢工或示威期间设置一个或几个纠察队
难句突破：
(1)   Waving signs that read ''Shame on Viacom,'' the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits for freelancers beginning Jan. 1.
[主体句式] The workers demanded that...
[结构分析] 这是一个复合句，前面的现在分词短语作为主语的伴随状语；most of them in their 20s是主语的同位语；谓语demand后是一个宾语从句，在该从句中，beginning Jan 1是一个现在分词短语作a plan的定语。
[句子译文] 这些工人大多数都是二十多岁，他们手中挥舞着写有"Viacom 无耻"的标语，要求MTV网络收回于1月1日开始实施的减少自由职业者健康和牙齿医疗方面福利的计划。
(2)While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for 52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible for benefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.
[主体句式] While that ... it would have...
[结构分析] 这是一个并列句，前半分句中有一个which 引导的非限定定于从句修饰previous eligibility rules,后半分句中not yet eligible for benefits 是后置定语用来修饰all freelancers。
[句子译文] 虽然这样一来放宽了以前的资格规定（该规定要求自由职业者在成为合格人员前必须工作52周），但却要求所有还未有资格享受福利的自由职业者从1月1日重新开始计算等待期。
题目分析：
1．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of MTV Networks' new benefits plan for freelancers?        1. 关于MTV网络对自由职业者的新福利方案，下列哪一个是不正确的_____。
[A] Its benefits plan for freelancers is highly competitive in the industry.        [A] 在本行业内它的福利方案是很有竞争力的。
[B] Its freelancers cannot receive the same benefits as the full-time employees.        [B] 自由职业者不能和全职员工享有一样的福利待遇。
[C] The freelancers who are not eligible for benefits should start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.        [C] 没有资格享受福利待遇的自由职业者要重新从一月一日开始计算工作时间。
[D] The freelancers are against the new plan which substantially cuts their benefit.        [D] 自由职业者反对新福利方案，该方案大幅度地削减了他们的福利。
[答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。题目要求找出和新福利方案不符合的一项，关于A在第二段由所提及，是MTV为自己辩护的证据；B在全文中都有体现，第一段工人罢工的原因就是自由职业者不能和正式员工享受一样的福利；选项C在文章的第三段提到，虽然一开始计划改变后是这样规定的，但因职员的抗议，公司又重新恢复了401方案，只要从三月份以来一直在工作的员工就可以享受新的福利方案。选项D，全文中各个段落都提到了这一点。因此，只有C是符合题干的。
2. According to the new benefits program of MTV Networks, the following freelancers are eligible for benefits package except_____.        2. 根据MTV网络的新福利方案，下列自由职业者除了_____之外都有资格享受福利。
[A] those who have worked for 160 days beginning in January        [A] 从一月起已经工作了160天的员工。
[B] those who have worked for 1 year.        [B] 已经工作了一年的员工
[C] those who have worked since March.        [C] 自三月以来在工作的员工。
[D] those who start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1.        [D] 从一月一日起重新开始等待期的员工。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 细节题。MTV修改了的新福利方案对享受福利待遇的职工作了新定义，这在第三段有说明。新方案规定从一月份开始在公司工作了160天的员工有这个资格，之前的规定是工作达52周的员工；不过这个新规定要求所有还没有资格享受福利的员工要从一月一日开始重新计算工作时间，不过由于职员的抗议，公司决定只要从三月份以来一直在公司工作的员工就有这个资格。那么四个选项中，A是符合的，B无论什么情况下也都符合，C在公司修改后也符合，只有D不符合，没有该资格。
3.The word "reinstate" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____.        3. "reinstate"这个词（第三段第五行）最有可能的意思是_____。
[A] redesign        [A] 重新设计
[B] restore        [B] 恢复
[C] revise        [C] 修改
[D] reset        [D] 重新安排
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆
[分析] 猜词题。首先看到reinstate这个词是由re开头的，因此这个单词应该有"重复"或者"重新"的意思。有了这个前提，再结合上下文来看，401方案取消后，员工进行了抗议，因此MTV对该方案采取了一定行动。可以推测，是一种公司缓和气氛而作的努力，那么应该是恢复了该方案。答案为B。选项的几个单词都比较类似，也都是以re开头的词汇，但是它们之间有一些小小的区别，要注意区分。这道题主要考察了考生的词汇量、以及辨别相近词之间区别的能力。
4. The MTV Networks spokeswoman did not provide the number of freelancers on the payroll mostly probably because_____.        4. MTV网络女发言人没有提供薪水册上自由职业者的数量最有可能是因为______。
[A] the figure fluctuates throughout the year and it is impossible to calculate the precise number        [A] 这个数字在一年内会不停波动，同时也不可能计算出来一个准确数字。
[B] the company wants to keep it as a secret so as to better stand the protest        [B] 公司想要对该方面保密以便于更好地抵制罢工。
[C] the company has no record of the freelancers since there is no such necessity        [C] 公司没有自由职业者的纪录，因为没有做记录的必要。
[D] the company does not want to provide the freelancers with benefits enjoyed by the full-time employee.        [D] 公司不想为自由职业者提供与正式员工一样的福利待遇。
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。第五段中提到，目前工资薪水册上有多少自由职员还不清楚，一位MTV网络发言人声称是因为这个数字全年都来回波动，这很明显是一个托词，因为每家公司都会有其各种人员的登记，要掌握具体的数据并不困难。只是公布该数据对公司不利，因为公司自知有大量的自由职员，如果数据公布对罢工者有利，对公司反而是不利证据，因此是因为公司不想让外人知道，以便于在这场罢工斗争中争取有利形势。因此B为正确答案。C和D选项属于无中生有。
5. Towards MTV Networks' change on the benefits plan, the author's attitude can be said to be_____.        5. 作者对于MTV网络在福利方案方面所作的调整的态度是_____。
[A] affirmative        [A] 肯定的
[B] negative        [B] 否定的
[C] biased        [C] 有偏见的
[D] neutral        [D] 中立的
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆
[分析] 态度题。文章虽然措辞比较客观，但是从作者引用的例子等还是可以发现，作者对MTV网络公司所作的福利方案变动还是有一定的想法。如他引用的几个自由职业者的陈述都可以表现出这一点来。因此，答案为B。
参考译文：
昨天下午，MTV网络的许多工人进行罢工，站满了其上级公司Viacom总部外的人行道，抗议最近福利方面的变化。这次罢工突出反映了有时被称作为永久的自由职业者的这么一类工人的忧虑：他们和全职员工一样工作，但是却得不到同样的福利。
这些工人大多数都是二十多岁，他们手中挥舞着写有"Viacom 无耻"的标语，要求MTV网络收回于1月1日开始实施的减少自由职业者健康和牙齿医疗方面福利的计划。MTV网络在一次声明中提到其全职员工的福利计划也发生了一些裱画，并且强调对自由职业者的福利计划在本行业来说还是有一定优势的。许多自由职业者没有任何的公司福利。但是一些抗议者声称公司在互相较劲看谁能提供最普通的医疗保健保险。在Nickelodeon工作的马太•Yonda手持的标语将该网络叫做"恶心的elodeon"。"我三年来每天都在这里工作--我不是自由职业者，"Yonda这样说，"他们叫我们自由职业者，目的就是不让我们享受和正式员工一样的福利。"
福利变化是于上周二公布的，自由职业者被告知他们只能在从１月１日起的160天后才能有资格享受福利。虽然这样一来放宽了以前的资格规定（该规定要求自由职业者在成为合格人员前必须工作52周），但却要求所有还未有资格享受福利的自由职业者从1月1日重新开始计算等待期。401（k）计划也被删除了。星期四，MTV网络在收到申诉后又恢复了401（k）计划，宣布从三月以来就一直工作的自由职业者可以不用再等候就可以有资格享受福利。其他的一些改变也引起了公愤。
媒体网Gawker张贴了一系列的博客公告更是火上加油（第一篇公告抬头为"Viacom 的永久自由职业者奴隶体系"），一群组织松散的自由职业者上周做了抗议张贴物并散发罢工传单。卡罗琳•O'Hare是曾在MTV工作过两年多的部门经理，她说这个新的健康保障计划有更高的扣除条款，并设定了每年医疗花费2000美元的最高限额，已经引起了公愤。"他们觉得可以对待我们像对待没有家庭、抵押和退休梦想的孩子一样。"她这样说。
在Viacom总部外，几个工人手中的条幅这样写着："我们人数众多，不容忽视。"还不清楚到底有多少自由职业者划入该公司的薪水册中，MTV网络一位女发言人声称由于一年中这个数字起起伏伏，所以现在这个数字还不能确定。该公司除自由职业者外，在全世界有5500个全职员工。
有两个自由职业者和一个全职员工估计在某些部门自由职业者的比例高达75%，这三个人因害怕被公司报复要求不要公开他们身份。另外一项劳动诉讼可能将于本周晚些时候在Viacom外进行。美国作家协会的成员已经罢工五周，可望于周四在此派出纠察员。
TEXT TEN
　　A boy or a girl? That is usually the first question asked when a woman gives birth. Remarkably, the answer varies with where the mother lives. In rich countries the chances of its being a boy are about 5% higher than in poor ones. Equally remarkably, that figure has been falling recently. Several theories have been put forward to explain these observations. Some argue that smoking plays a role, others that diet may be important. Neither of these ideas has been supported by evidence from large studies. But new research points to a different factor: stress.
　　Strange as it might seem, the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 shed light on the enigma. Studies noting the sex of babies conceived in New York during the week of the attacks found a drop in the ratio of males to females. That is consistent with earlier studies, which revealed a similar shift in women who became pregnant during floods and earthquakes and in time of war. Moreover, a study carried out eight years ago by researchers at the University of Aarhus, in Denmark, revealed that women who suffered the death of a child or spouse from some catastrophic illness around the time they conceived were much more likely to give birth to girls than to boys.
　　Taken together, these results suggest that acute stress to a woman at the time of conception shifts the sex ratio towards girls. However, Carsten Obel, a researcher at Aarhus who was not involved in the earlier study, wondered if the same might be true of chronic stress too. In a paper just published in Human Development, he shows that it is.
　　Dr Obel used a set of data collected between 1989 and 1992. During that period 8,719 expectant mothers were asked to fill in questionnaires that inquired, among other things, about their level of stress. Dr Obel found that the more stressed a mother had been, the less chance she had of having given birth to a boy. Only 47% of children born to women in the top quartile of stress were males. That compared with 52% for women in the bottom quartile. Dr Obel suspects the immediate cause is that male pregnancies are more likely to miscarry in response to stress than female pregnancies are, especially during the first three months. However, that is difficult to prove. More intriguing, though, is the ultimate cause, for he thinks it might be adaptive, rather than pathological.
　　That is because the chances are that a daughter who reaches adulthood will find a mate and thus produce grandchildren. A son is a different matter. Healthy, strapping sons are likely to produce lots of grandchildren, by several women-or would have done in the hunter-gatherer societies in which most human evolution took place. Weak ones would be marginalised and maybe even killed in the cut and thrust of male competition. If a mother's stress adversely affects the development of her fetus then selectively aborting boys, rather than wasting time and resources on bringing them to term, would make evolutionary sense.
　　That, in turn, would explain why women in rich countries, who are less likely to suffer from hunger and disease, are more likely to give birth to sons. That this likelihood is, nevertheless, falling suggests that rich women's lives may be more stressful than they used to be.
1. The author begins the passage by_____.
[A] presenting an argumentation
[B] explaining a phenomenon
[C] raising a question
[D] making a comparison
2. The ratio of giving birth to a boy is falling in rich countries because_____.
[A] the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 exerted huge negative impact
[B] women are facing greater pressure than past
[C] women are under new pressure now which they seldom faced in the past
[D] male pregnancies are more easily to miscarry
3. Which of the following can explain Dr Obel's opinion that the ultimat cause is adaptive rather than pathological?
[A] 47% of children born to women in the top quartile of stress were males while 52% in the bottom quartile.
[B] Women in rich countries are more likely to give birth to boys
[C] Women selectively abort boys rather than waste time and resources on bringing them to term for fear of male competition.
[D] Women who suffer from calamity in conception are more likely to give birth to girls.
4. Women in the hunter-gatherer societies are more likely to give birth to daughters because_____.
[A] they agree that giving birth to daughters is beneficial in the evolutionary sense
[B] sons are likely to produce lots of grandchildren with several women
[C] they think it is a better practice for a daughter to produce grandchildren with only one mate
[D] they think bringing sons to term is wasting time and resources.
5.From this passage, we may draw a conclusion that_____.
[A] acute stress is more likely to cause women to choose aborting boys than chronic stress.
[B] stress to a woman at the time of conception, whether acute or chronic, will shift the sex ratio towards girls.
[C] more girls will be born in the future because today's women, in both rich and poor countries, suffer from increasing pressure.
[D] chronic stress is more decisive in influencing the women's pregnancies.
文章剖析：
　　这篇文章是介绍影响婴儿出生性别原因的一个新的研究成果－－压力。文章第一段提出以往人们对该问题的看法，然后引出新的研究结果；第二段用一些事例来证明突发压力对于婴儿性别的影响；第三段、第四段讲述Obel博士调查研究表明慢性压力在这方面的影响；第五段对Obel博士的研究结果作了一些论证；第六段是对第一段提到的现象用得出的结论做解释。
词汇注释：
enigma n. 谜                                                              
chronic adj. 长期的，持续的
conception n. 受精                                                   
fetus n. 胎儿
questionnarie n. 调查表                                            
quartile n. 四分位值
miscarry v. 流产                                                      
pathological adj. 病理的
strapping adj. 伟岸的，魁梧的
难句突破：
(1) Moreover, a study carried out eight years ago by researchers at the University of Aarhus, in Denmark, revealed that women who suffered the death of a child or spouse from some catastrophic illness around the time they conceived were much more likely to give birth to girls than to boys.
[主体句式] A study revealed that...
[结构分析]这是一个复合句，主语后面是一个过去分词短语做定语；revealed后面的宾语从句比较复杂，从句的主体句式为women or spouse were likely to ...，状语中that 引导的定语从句用来修饰time, 第一个主语women后有一个以who引导的定语从句。
[句子译文] 。而且，八年前奥尔胡斯大学研究者们做的一项研究也表明经过了第一个孩子死亡的妇女或在怀孕期间经历过一些灾难性疾病的夫妇更有可能生女孩。
(2) If a mother's stress adversely affects the development of her fetus then selectively aborting boys, rather than wasting time and resources on bringing them to term, would make evolutionary sense.
[主体句式] If... then selectively aborting boys...would make sense.
[结构分析] 这是一个带有条件状语从句的复合句，主语由现在分词短语构成。
[句子译文]如果母亲的压力对胎儿的发展起了相反的影响，选择性地将男孩流产，而不是浪费时间和资源将他们养足月，那么就能说明进化的问题了。
题目分析:
1. The author begins the passage by_____.        1. 作者展开这篇文章一开始_____。
[A] presenting an argumentation        [A] 提出一个论点
[B] explaining a phenomenon        [B] 解释一个现象
[C] raising a question        [C] 提出一个问题
[D] making a comparison        [D] 做了一个比较
[答案]A
[难度系数] ☆
[分析]推理题。作者在文章一开始就指出在富裕国家中妇女生男孩的比率比贫穷国家高出5%，但目前这个比率在下降，有许多人给出自己的解释，但都不能被大型的研究所证明，而现在又有新的论点，就是压力的作用。接下来的几段就是对这个论点的证实。可见，作者是以提出一个论点的形式来开始这篇文章的。
2. The ratio of giving birth to a boy is falling in rich countries because_____.        2.在富裕国家中男孩的出生率下降了是因为_____。
[A] the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 exerted huge negative impact        [A] 2001年9月11日恐怖主义袭击带来了巨大的负面影响
[B] women are facing greater pressure than past        [B] 妇女现在面临的压力比以前大
[C] women are under new pressure now which they seldom faced in the past        [C] 妇女现在要面临新的压力，这是她们以前没有遇到过的
[D] male pregnancies are more easily to miscarry        [D] 怀了男孩的女性更加容易流产
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。首先A选项明显是错误的，因为这个影响只限于美国，并不包括所有的富裕国家。D也是错误选项，因为文章第四段中提到了这一点，但是选项中却丢掉了一个重要前提，也就是在较大的压力下，怀了男孩的女性才更加容易流产。题干要求找出富裕国家目前男孩出生率下降的原因，文章整篇都在讨论压力对于婴儿性别的作用，而最后一段的最后一句话作者指出，目前这个比率下降可能是因为富裕国家妇女现在承受的压力要比以前多，但是没有说明有新的压力。因此，答案为B。
3. Which of the following can explain Dr Obel's opinion that the ultimat cause is adaptive rather than pathological?        3.以下那一项可以解释Obel博士认为最根本的原因是适应性的而不是生理性的这个观点？
[A] 47% of children born to women in the top quartile of stress were males while 52% in the bottom quartile.        [A]压力最大的四成妇女47%生育的是男孩，而压力最小的四成妇女52%生育的是男孩。
[B] Women in rich countries are more likely to give birth to boys because they are more stressful        [B]富裕国家的妇女生育男孩的几率更大，因为她们所承受的压力更大。
[C] Women selectively abort boys rather than waste time and resources on bringing them to term for fear of male competition.        [C]妇女因为害怕男性竞争而选择将男婴流产，而不是浪费时间和养料将他们发育完整。
[D] Women who suffer from calamity in conception are more likely to give birth to girls.        [D]受精期经历了灾难的妇女生育女孩的比率更大。
[答案]C
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]细节题。第四段中提到，Obel博士认为导致女性在面临压力时生女孩的几率更大，其根本原因应该是适应性的原因而不是生理性原因。第四段提到，Obel怀疑是其直接原因是面临压力时如果怀孕的是男孩那么就更容易流产。紧接着第五段就给出了解释，那就是在资源紧缺的男性竞争社会中，弱小的男性更容易被边缘化，被淘汰，而女性则不存在这个问题，所以面对这种压力，妇女生育孩子时会选择将男婴流产，这是一种适应环境的做法。因此，答案中C是可以说明他的这个观点的，ABD只是一些表象。
4. Women in the hunter-gatherer societies are more likely to give birth to daughters because_____.        4.在原始狩猎社会中，妇女生育女儿的比率更大是因为_____。
[A] they agree that giving birth to daughters is beneficial in the evolutionary sense        [A] 他们一致认为在进化的意义上，生女儿在有利的。
[B] sons are likely to produce lots of grandchildren with several women        [B] 儿子会和几位女性一起生育许多后代
[C] they think it is a better practice for a daughter to produce grandchildren with only one mate        [C]他们认为女儿只和一个配偶生儿育女是一个更好的做法
[D] they think bringing sons to term is wasting time and resources.        [D]他们认为将男婴养至足月是浪费时间和资源的。
[答案]D
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析]推理题。文章第五段指出在原始狩猎社会中，健康、强壮的男性可以和几位女性一起繁殖许多后代，而弱小的则会被边缘化甚至在男性竞争中被杀死。妇女在生育孩子时就会面临这样的压力，她更情愿将男婴流产，也不愿意花费了如此多的时间和精力后将男婴生出来，却面临被淘汰的压力。因此，在原始狩猎社会中，女孩出生率较高的原因是因为妇女生育时面临的这种压力。答案中，D为正确答案。A选项显然是错误的，原始人不会以进化的观点去思考问题。B选项的说法只是一个现象，并不是题干的原因。C选项的说法与原文相反。
5.From this passage, we may draw a conclusion that_____.        5.从这篇文章我们可以得出一个结论____。
[A] acute stress is more likely to cause women to choose aborting boys than chronic stress.        [A]突发的压力比持续的压力更能导致妇女选择将男婴流产。
[B] stress to a woman at the time of conception, whether acute or chronic, will shift the sex ratio towards girls.        [B]妇女怀孕期间经受压力，无论是突发的还是持续的，都会导致婴儿性别比例偏向女孩。
[C] more girls will be born in the future because today's women, in both rich and poor countries, suffer from increasing pressure.        [C] 未来会有更多的女孩出生，因为现在不论是在富裕国家还是在贫穷国家，女性都面临着越来越大的压力。
[D] chronic stress is more decisive in influencing the women's pregnancies.        [D]在影响女性怀孕方面慢性的压力更具有决定性的作用。
[答案]B
[难度系数] ☆☆☆
[分析] 推理题。题干要求根据整篇文章推导出一个结论，本文主要讲述了压力对于婴儿出生性别的影响，分别用一些数据和事实证明突发压力和慢性压力都有一定的影响，从中可以得出结论，就是突发与急性压力都会使得女孩出生率高一些。答案A、D文中并没有进行比较、缺少证据，C的内容也文中也没有提到。因此，正确答案为 B。
参考译文：
　　男孩还是女孩？这通常是一个妇女生完孩子后问的第一个问题。很显然的，因为这位母亲所在的地方不同答案也就不同。在富裕国家中生男孩的比率要比贫穷国家高 5%。同样引人注目的是，最近这个数字却降低了。人们提出了几个理论来解释这些现象。有人认为吸烟可能是原因所在，也有人认为节食在影响较大。但较大的研究的证据却都不支持这两个观点，新的研究指出了另外一个因素：压力。
　　虽然看起来很奇怪，但2001年911恐怖袭击将这个谜显示了出来。在恐怖袭击的那一周在纽约进行的婴儿性别研究发现男女性别比例下降了，这与早期的研究相一致。早期研究表明洪水、地震和战争期间怀孕妇女生育男女的比例也有相似的变化。而且，八年前奥尔胡斯大学研究者们做的一项研究也表明经过了第一个孩子死亡的妇女或在怀孕期间有一些灾难性疾病的夫妇更有可能生女孩。
　　结合这些研究来看，这些结果表明女性在受精时如果有突然的压力，那么生女孩的比例就会增大。但是，奥尔胡斯的一位研究者CarstenObel并没有参与早期的研究，他在怀疑持续的压力是否也会有同样的影响。他刚刚在《人类发展》上发表的一篇论文中他表明事实确实如此。
　　Obel博士使用了1989年至1992年间的一组数字。在这个时期，8791名妇女被邀填写了问卷调查，调查其中一项就是她们压力的程度。Obel博士发现一个妇女承受的压力越重，她生男孩的概率就越小。压力最大的四成妇女只有47%生育的是男孩，而最小的四成妇女其比例为52%。Obel博士怀疑直接原因是有压力的情况下怀孕的是男婴的比怀孕女婴的更容易流产，尤其是在前三个月。但是，这一点很难证实。更让人迷惑的是最根本的原因，因为他认为是适应性的而不是生理性的。
　　因为可能的情况时女孩成年后就要找一位男性，然后生育后代。而男孩则不一样。健康、魁梧的男性更有可能和几位女性生育很多后代，或是在原始狩猎族社会中是这样的，大多数人类进化是这样进行的。弱小的将会被边缘化，甚至有可能在男性的打杀竞争中被杀死。如果母亲的压力对胎儿的发展起了相反的影响，选择性地将男孩流产，而不是浪费时间和资源将他们养足月，那么就能说明进化的问题了。
　　这反过来也可以解释为什么在富裕国家中女性很少受到饥饿和疾病的威胁，更容易生育男孩。尽管这种可能存在，但是数据的下降说明富裕女性的生活目前所受的压力要比以前多得多。

cuihl

楼主辛苦了 顶下

ziran778899

不容易，都没看 也给你顶了

上尉诗人

不会手动输入的吧
辛苦了···

shuangfenglv

顶一个，谢了

xu53242276

ding

aishangdili

谢谢啊   呵呵  好人啊

thevillage

不容易，顶下

xiaoxiaoad

xiexie,辛苦了

小沅

我想问这个是什么题目
就是普通的阅读理解？