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[经验分享] 【外刊中的知识星球】俄乌战争的前世今生!

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2021-4-14
发表于 2022-4-28 10:53 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
专栏:外刊中的知识星球
各位薯粉~ 2022年,番薯翻硕教研团队将推出多个知识干货专栏,帮助大家更好地备考,第一个干货专栏:《外刊中的知识星球》今天就同大家见面啦~,本期专栏将分享10篇文章,每篇文章一个话题,本期话题:俄乌战争的前世今生,同时学习drill, duck, cover, utter等简约不简单的词汇,一起来吧~

今日话题:俄乌战争的前世今生

俄罗斯与乌克兰的战争自爆发以来便成为世界关注的焦点话题,关于这场战争的前世今生,你了解多少呢?很多人其实不知道本次战争后面牵涉出的美苏对战。今天我们一同来学习下外刊对此的报道,一起来看看纽约时报官网的最新报道有什么值得学习的地方吧!

原文通读(节选)

An Age of Existential Uncertainty

I grew up during the Cold War, when, in elementary school, we still participated in bomb drills. A bell would ring or horn would blow and we would duck and cover, or in some teachers’ classrooms, just put our heads down on our desks.

From the videos of utter destruction caused by nuclear weapons, I couldn’t see how any of these drills would be helpful (apparently duck and cover did offer some protection). I simply assumed it would be better to be resting when I died than not.

Although we lived in a small Louisiana town, in the middle of nowhere really, we were about 30 minutes away from Barksdale Air Force Base, where President George W. Bush would, years later, take refuge after the attacks on 9/11. As children, it felt like we were in the military arena, particularly every time the jets overhead latticed the skies with contrails or produced a sonic boom.

Even people of modest means in the area built bomb shelters. Armageddon was in the air.

America and the Soviet Union were locked in the doctrine of mutually assured destruction: There were so many nuclear weapons that if one side used them to

launch an attack, we were told the other would immediately respond, prompting the annihilation of both countries and possibly the world.

I find it hard to explain to younger people what it felt like to live all my formative years with such uncertainty, with the belief that the world might end at any moment. I don’t know how to explain what it felt like to fill a time capsule in the sixth grade and bury it, not just as a classroom exercise, but with the gnawing feeling that all we knew could be obliterated and that all that future generations might ever know of us could be contained in a single capsule.

Fear became so ambient that it became ordinary; it was defanged. The fear wasn’t debilitating. To the contrary, it seemed to produce a sense of bucket-list adventurousness, even among children. What would you do if the world could end tomorrow? It was simultaneously oppressive and liberating.

原文精读

标题:
An Age of Existential Uncertainty

知识点解读:
本标题可以译成“生死未卜的时代”,将后置的介词短语“of Existential Uncertainty”翻译成前置定语。在翻译中这是一个十分常用且妙用的技巧,类似的例子有:“things of values”:有价值的东西;“man of wisdom”:睿智之人。




第一段:
I grew up during the Cold War, when, in elementary school, we still participated in bomb drills. A bell would ring or horn would blow and we would duck and cover, or in some teachers’ classrooms, just put our heads down on our desks.

推荐译文:
我成长于冷战时期,那会我们在小学还会参加炸弹演习。每当铃声响起、喇叭奏响,我们就会蹲下身躲好,又或许是在一些老师的课堂上,我们只需要抱着头趴在桌子上即可。

知识点解读:
Drill:作名词时既可以表示“钻子”也可以表示“训练”,尤其是指有系统的,严格和重复的练习。比如:fire drill指的是消防演习;逃逸等应急措施演习。同样可以表示“训练”的单词有以下:

exercise 主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼,也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。

practice 指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。

training 普通用词,泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。

discipline 既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行的约束。

Duck:我们一般认识的duck是指“鸭子”,但是duck还可以做动词,表示“躲避”,如文中所示。又或者表示“把头伸进水中,或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。”常见的表达有:lame duck n. 投机者;无用的人;即将下台的人;mandarin duck [鸟]鸳鸯

Cover:我们常见的cover的意思是作为名词使用时的“盖子;封面,封皮;掩蔽物”,但是cover还能像本文那样做动词使用,做及物动词时表示“vt. 包括;涉及;采访,报导”,不及物动词时则为“vi. 覆盖;代替”。本文取的是不及物动词的用法。类似的例子:Moud spreads quickly and can cover something completely.译为“霉蔓延得很快, 有时会完全覆盖发霉物体的表面。”

近意对比:cover 泛指所有的遮盖物。包括盖子或书籍、杂志的封面等。

lid 通常指可以揭开的如箱盖、坛盖、壶盖等盖子。

常见搭配:from cover to cover:从头至尾;under cover:隐藏着;秘密地。

第二段:
From the videos of utter destruction caused by nuclear weapons, I couldn’t see how any of these drills would be helpful (apparently duck and cover did offer some protection). I simply assumed it would be better to be resting when I died than not.

推荐译文:
从核武器造成毁灭性破坏的视频中,我看不出这些演习有什么用(看起来似乎蹲下躲避的确能提供一些保护)。我只是觉得死亡来临的时候我最好是在休息当中。

知识点解读:
Utter做动词时表示“以口发出声音,说,讲”,比如说“His tendency to utter acrimonious remarks alienated his roommates.”(他老是说话尖刻,使同寝室的人和他疏远了。)但是作为形容词时,utter表示“彻底的;完全的;绝对的”,比如本文,“utter destruction”(毁灭性的破坏)

caused by nuclear weapons在文中是后置定语,翻译时需前置,译成前置形容词。

Assume,常常指的是“有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。”常用的搭配:“assume responsibility 承担责任”。近义的词有“presume”,但是侧重“以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。”

第三段:
Although we lived in a small Louisiana town, in the middle of nowhere really, we were about 30 minutes away from Barksdale Air Force Base, where President George W. Bush would, years later, take refuge after the attacks on 9/11. As children, it felt like we were in the military arena, particularly every time the jets overhead latticed the skies with contrails or produced a sonic boom.

推荐译文:
尽管住在路易斯安那州的一个偏僻小镇,我们离巴克斯代尔空军基地大约有半小时的路程。多年后“9· 11”事件发生后,美国的布什总统便驻扎在那。小时候,我们感觉自己就生活在军事竞技场,特别是当头顶上飞过喷气式飞机时,天空出现划痕或者传出音爆。

知识点解读:
这一段比较简单,重点在于理解“in the middle of nowhere really”,“置身于四周空荡荡的地方”使用free translation的方法就能理解成是“偏僻、荒无人烟之地”。为了使行文流畅,可以将此同位语处理成前置定语。

第四段:
Even people of modest means in the area built bomb shelters. Armageddon was in the air.

推荐译文:
在这个地区,即便是最揭不开锅的人也修建了防空洞。世界末日随时会到来。

知识点解读:
“bomb shelters”:我们常说的“防空洞”。

Armageddon:源于《圣经》,指世界末日。

Be in the air:常用语,表示“To be likely to happen soon.”,即“即将发生的事情”。

类似的表达有“around the corner”.

第五段:
America and the Soviet Union were locked in the doctrine of mutually assured destruction: There were so many nuclear weapons that if one side used them to launch an attack, we were told the other would immediately respond, prompting the annihilation of both countries and possibly the world.

推荐译文:
美国和苏联奉行“相互保证毁灭”原则:核武器已然过多,假设一方用其发起进攻,我们收到通知另一方会立即作出应对措施,这会导致两国,甚至整个世界惨遭灭顶之灾。

知识点解读:
“Be locked in”有两层意思,一是“To be physically locked or trapped inside (of some particular place or thing).”即“从内反锁”。

二是“To be committed (to someone or something), as via a contract.”即原文使用的意思,表示“固守、奉行”之意。

例如:“I know she'd love to switch jobs, but she's locked in a five-year contract with her current employer.”,即“我知道她很想换工作,但她与目前的雇主签订了五年的合同。”。

第六段:
I find it hard to explain to younger people what it felt like to live all my formative years with such uncertainty, with the belief that the world might end at any moment. I don’t know how to explain what it felt like to fill a time capsule in the sixth grade and bury it, not just as a classroom exercise, but with the gnawing feeling that all we knew could be obliterated and that all that future generations might ever know of us could be contained in a single capsule.
推荐译文:
我发现很难向年轻人解释在这样不确定的环境中长大,且相信世界随时可能会坍塌是一种什么样的感受。我也不知道该如何解释那种在六年级时往一个时间胶囊里填东西然后把它埋起来的感觉,这不仅仅是一个课堂演练,而是一种痛苦的感受,即我们所知道的一切都可能被抹杀,后世对我们的所有了解都仅限于一个胶囊。

知识点解读:
在本段的第一句“I find it hard to explain to younger people what it felt like to live all my formative years with such uncertainty, with the belief that the world might end at any moment.”中,“with the belief that the world might end at any moment.”是介词短语做状语,同时还夹杂了一个同位语“that the world might end at any moment.”分析时需要一句一句拆开。

第二个大长句涉及到了一个常用语法点“Not… but…”。ot... but... 译为“不是……而是……”连接的前后内容在意义上表示转折,结构上表示并列。例如"The value of life lies not in the length of days, but in the use that we make of them."

。该句中 not... but... 连接了两个并列的介词短语,意为“生命的价值不在于日子的长短,而在于我们对它们的利用。”

第七段:
Fear became so ambient that it became ordinary; it was defanged. The fear wasn’t debilitating. To the contrary, it seemed to produce a sense of bucket-list adventurousness, even among children. What would you do if the world could end tomorrow? It was simultaneously oppressive and liberating。

推荐译文:
恐惧到处蔓延,直至习以为常;直至它被削弱。恐惧并没有使人虚弱。相反,它似乎让人萌生冒险精神,去完成遗愿,哪怕孩子也不例外。如果明天就是世界末日,你会做什么?世界末日既让人受压迫,又令人感到解放。

知识点解读:
bucket-list:英语俗语里对“遗愿”的表达,源于另一个关于“死亡”的英文表达“kick the bucket”,也可译为“上西天,翘辫子”等比较诙谐隐晦的表达。

人们总是忌讳谈及死亡的话题,于是便产生了两种避免直接使用"死"字眼的方法。一种是使用委婉语,包括passing away(逝世), passing on (来生), departing this life(辞世), going to the great beyond(极乐世界)。另外一种方法是使用俗语表达,用诙谐的方式表达死亡的概念。比如说" He kicked the bucket."就会比“He died”更能让人接受,避免了谈及死亡时悲伤的氛围。

扩展:“死亡”的其他表达:
Breathe one’s last:咽气
Go west: 归西
Die at one’s post: 殉职

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