考研论坛 » English » 中国专有词汇的英语翻译

2008-6-13 11:20 P.A.Shady
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1、中国意念词(Chinesenesses) `q3rYnn[
  八卦 trigram n-Y]'qo%d,W-UZ

Ex'eg RIR   阴、阳 yin, yang _&C~\K8KPbT

fZ8z6@ Y M   道 Dao(cf. logo)
MvyNM0Rjb4`
MI2G,h#{   江湖(世界) the jianghu World (the traits’ world) &B5] ^j i9K g)R dz
D sNR9a"bB\
  e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖,身不由己) `*K3?@(pu]

6L*F;N G5oxsJEh   道 Daoism(Taoism)
(]"Z-A hP#W*Sc2O
m|(o(N4^   上火 excessive internal heat
hsj m$Gh tS.COR6M
  儒学 Confucianism 4F}-\9Y6B s
9n,o&@X|v
  红学(《红楼梦》研究) redology
j2h"]UHBLe/KJ NH&DOU9m'p
  世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia
S3N+r@Qxz
g|Q6@ k9Sg   开放 kaifang (Chinese openness to the outside world)
%?Y%z2XB 1|-aK}s^
  大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done %V P!\;[s.v
0HX}8o5W qRT
  伤痕文学 scar literature or the literature of the wounded XI{#g,`i5j9^
(LF%C2rA%JrT
  不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 9rDo hI)O{1]w

/j f9b*Sx Y   合乎国情,顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people y4`tY$lZkEgE
XJ3m|.je,A9por8F
  乱摊派,乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge
m}\a6a.n*l
!gEw+X9g:o7I1_   铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
_,|"?Afm7T U`
0I8Us YD?4qA Hx/z   脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty
.ePD1A^"bB,V3D v0r h4m*\g;U_z{ I6}
  治则兴,乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline -}0}9V+T"@1n
U7X,Jr*~

}'[QH6~8Z'i%p 2 、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial) ,G*ME4zxD4uN-B
dk*]~)nR
  国庆节 National Day
2^}nZ:y3h8^
nM4w^Q },y P   中秋节 Mid-Autumn Day/Festival
_ YO3l1u g$l)h`
n4yZ@SW){(E#a   春节 Spring Festival
T g9n_VF t
*a+Ok7c"T6RN   元宵节 Lantern Festival +yC*??5o,DSC@0c
u9P r4]?E X)|WvF`
  儿童节 Children’s Day
&tZ0bp+~9Q .lJ4c4v%x%m
  端午节 Dragon Boat Festival
,m X)@2P-FJXJ
\knC:R3d%M&@;L   妇女节 Women’s Day -C M(ndl8cb
*{#X(T#O`N Ul V6I@
  泼水节 Water-Splashing Day &M"u A} ^"n
'g$X,VP3bR5U
  教师节 Teachers’ Day
Q)q&tPj;F,g&|l
$] Cb'U f8L._?   五四青年节 Youth Day /F%|6u[9p ms9S9C4S
'AVU&m"\.p
3、中国独特的传统饮食(Unique Traditional Chinese Foods) dkt(e-S"|2S
9^[E{S \y&P
  馄饨 wonton
3G"VZ siC+^ 9_5g"W2q4Q$lR U:g
  锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) -x/]1E,D8}4o1}

.H"}(Aiu7pr R   花卷 steamed twisted rolls
m1g7l6KL/t 5v#ZqS.T Q#AMx^
  套餐 set meal
7k~| `+@-H O`s%U:}r
  盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
^*@4RTv G%R]'?I;Ylm
  米豆腐 rice tofu
mgn:tgB&W _ QeAK|2v#Vw
  魔芋豆腐 konjak tofu %ZOE V0qw
5cH'p#[;Xj%qn_&j4a
  米粉 rice noodles
b@,pB*a&r `}Pn!T&?
  冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 7h+h m%~eV*h {:u`:[
$k#M2|H zz
  火锅 chafing dish |Qv,w6m
Zwe"u?"sz\
  八宝饭 eight-treasure rice pudding
!K9x,I1i"g#E$f? zn)dC}eI4b.u,G
  粉丝 glass noodles 4C1i^ GQy E2z

,fe$R4B%l} P jx   豆腐脑 jellied bean curd sEt(k$[K3~
0Jo V+xs Ks6G[Oe

j6G7r8a"oI
L B"`#u8d[~d 4 、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things)
P+R_q L:_X1rgW   中国 电信 China Telecom 0|ZgS p^!j-JZS

6N? `i0cZ b*D#U   中国 移动 China Mobile
[u-iIb oZe
7B e-I)mN#g ^   十五计划 the 10th Five-Year Plan
kfg d,GN/t p2o,|T oBS
  中国电脑联网 Chinanet [5oPo.Xa,I
WxA"yk
  三峡工程 the Three Gorges Project
;a8gGNlxJ&u9i"~
c2I%jy3G` [   希望工程 Project Hope \!A1d|E
"KU'N5S| B:Jw
  京九铁路 Beijing CKowloon Railway
"tyB F(u%GE R~.G5x xu RA&H
  扶贫工程 Anti-Poverty Project
4q'p.`LCn Y4Bj _[0Il)l
  菜篮子工程 Vegetable Basket Project @xY#r+s i7o%]
0X8jK!dW:e~
  温饱工程 Decent-Life Project
c3AD%t%g'?Y8vW8GE
U/|(pe[#\b   安居工程 Economy Housing Project ^vymY

'Z{-UW^ H M   扫黄 Porn-Purging Campaign .Q~Y RA
(P4EHn0b/` _?
  西部大开发 Go-West Campaign
R h-g)d Mu,fL +@ P7sn5E["x qQ
5 、特有的一些汉语词汇
,S7h)Q4LU1T/lZ$U} F'}'p)Td+wH
  禅宗 Zen Buddhism _d$J-P6M9]
%I?%j"k5F(G;p3W k
  禅 dhyana; dhgaya ^.GzXCH
K8ldC,U3i
  混沌 chaos s"F;A-}(]+Y&}

;D:Ch*Xt   道 Daosim, the way and its power uXR(|9h-T n2\r ^l
^7["T}3X
  四谛 Four Noble Truth
$yZ;a.M5b:La*o,I T e(\4Zbj$_)~ [xG
  八正道 Eightfold Path $G9qy.\"I:w;}"nD

JS B|x&|,A6]   无常 anity `'U1i;vx

)GgGa M,C   五行说 Theory of Five Elements r)OSFS1Q2W
eq s2v-\w
  无我 anatman ,K;L0} g&]
d ?.Qo&]U
  坐禅 metta or transcendental meditation
(J6V2K"o3f"b
Yt }3O)}NUk   空 sunyata y.U|+@i@o
q4BQ3@ qBd k `N3U'u
  虚无 nothingness P R3Gs.GD
3?%eCoW)b,^Y(g
  双喜 double happiness(中),a doubled stroke of luck(英)
hP+q,_ \b
YJoQd2u   小品 witty skits
!o yO-^4ef
L4EKl7{8q Gn1F   相声 cross-talk ;Qp5t:r:Y8Sv.B

5@ZhaA(PxJz-I   噱头;掉包袱 gimmick, stunt gKu+w\9kAA

b j-?B#a(^)[8]   夜猫子 night people; night-owls
4pCQU E0mK} ;_&dDxQV.t"m
  本命年 this animal year of sb.
;cduc)u$J `s1lWnq
  处世之道 philosophy of life #qsX I9w
BuDLn kpwO N
  姻缘 yinyuan(prefixed fate of marriage) R%EJR/A|;e,~

;r(X ['u)Z   还愿 redeem a wish (vows) }F,i%An ia
F z$xn4c$s~
6 、具有文化特色的现代表述
7xpKT m'O9h
*s?#^1LM?2_"e(} f9r   大陆中国 Mainland China :pA3q.@+M5F

R/NR |Po   红宝书 little red book
:l d A J)uT,S7X#p 0asaNd2^;a
  红色中国 socialist China $S`0h-D5zy1V;v}

5oX.evK#Q u a#M   四化 Four Modernizations 0K{zp2gsnO?

Hp9`y*{]   终生职业 job-for-life
3wXWx8s9z+R?
;Z(M YoTh*N   铁饭碗 iron rice bowl
pFk+U B)GmT L
5g S/K;|Yv P   大锅饭 communal pot
.w)g,M_4YM$H6TH!T
?o:f0D x.K4W"eI z   关系户 closely-related units
FI?bK g9V TZH{j0I P8`)W
  外出打工人员 migrant workers
$`#j}jZMD#{pf|
*I$Wk b Q O3P4Sb   关系网 personal nets, closely-knitted guild 6Yn7u7K ~9h#BF W_ m
"j/pn%HS8o%ay4o
  五讲(讲文明、讲礼貌、讲卫生、讲秩序、讲道德):the Five Merits focus on decorum, manners, hygiene, disciplines and morals +o`1]$Js8r

]^C$lZ"h2C,tZ.L   四美(心灵美、语言美、行为美、环境美): the Four Virtues are golden heart, refined language, civilized behavior, and green environment
?,Tz&hm0y#z O n7g
B*\ AM(@8YQ
/kPc/d4\)t @ 7 、中国古代独特事物(Unique Ancient Chinese Items)
5d7eqakK@ JX9ic   宣纸 rice paper {R3W4jgoL0nq
vc;{D#Y4`3VN2w
  衙门 yamen L"];N2[S VT+X.G!C

BD(]1l-CaG|   叩头 kowtow
]O \"^ uJF1g yw b!F*hNP2Xr!M*[
  孔子Confucius
Ic~ A%j7GAJ
{ Ox7rwk(lS#Cb-i   牌楼 pailou;pai-loo
r"rATGw4]/Y9| #oa"dTTO\e
  武术 wushu(Chinese Martial Arts)
'G6| |6vo4\$bK
"{0c@J$W1yU   功夫 kungfu ;kung fu
a{fb)]
q"~ o9tA9c;Ma   中庸 the way of medium (cf. Golden Means)
8N H_E y,UJUy]q1V
5H ]:VW)I/upie   中和 harmony (zhonghe) H!\8g$|r7f'l

?4x(kz/H;gY@   孝顺 to show filial obedience O,UT:c0@lF0g

7}*T D K)j*}:PV   孝子 dutiful son ]u:` z.O'DF

8[RP#t-t+I0c.[K0Q   家长 family head
@*|a-[ PnE
r*x*o7CMw   三纲:君为臣纲,父为子纲,夫为妻纲 three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son husband guides wife 8ea"J0cM.t
^P@"gs#QU0`7[\4F
  五常:仁、义、理、智、信 five constant virtues: benevolence (humanity), righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity U%e/c R!y9Pcy

5rq D6qAm|9Nl   八股文 eight-legged essays %H-i*?OxUy1p
c2aV6cH"Y7l%^P K
  多子多福:The more sons/children, the more blessing/ great happiness
Q5HK)@ bV
0` t9g/V.sL.mM/wY   养儿防老:raising sons to support one in one’s old age ,y z#} tkn

X!T)oDE j0MMS:]-^.W 8、 近一季度见诸报端的中国现代特色词汇翻译 Z6XUp$vd$B1[f
9Vy7?p)g*A5G
  基层监督 grass-roots supervision
^$cWBE'QHg (`/cs3n#Q:N
  基础税率 base tariff level
D%Ax$f f} BZ:^-V@(A3I \5t
  婚介所 matrimonial agency AG,K&u+qV"q

v9yr [YS6g"h   婚外恋 extramarital love cZ%j p/X'D2i0X

^g_$O_-y6S   婚纱摄影 bride photo
l(T[swW,tl0_~ @
+l6DRJy;ag%| B   黑心棉 shoddy cotton &T(lLMu Dz9\F
l3a7u4sW}
  机器阅卷 machine scoring E1P6|w ^d'A
+F5zbv`L!D+un4S6C8A
  即开型奖券 scratch-open ticket/lottery /a6k![aC\c

/rR:|_;hRmJ{   集中精力把经济建设搞上去 go all out for economic development ,Z$i8}'t6h%mV2Kn

_+G z2J#TLO:]   价格听证会 public price hearings
cn&}$? e hF5E8{ Vv(c!n;i0[}
  甲A球队 Division A Soccer Team 9{&[@O0L(oS!Cb+u
L6k/X2rYOB/_
  家政服务 household management service G E T&WbTJ

.x#^a$Uh6h?G'w   加强舆论监督 ensure the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion de2{?ZK r JL$k

Ut0C"@q"Y   假帐 accounting fraud V@}#F&H)`;E _R(S

'v,F@F/x'T*c{   叫板 challenge; pick a quarrel
EC.\2q Q0nI3e `7\
^/yKW5\| NZ/b   矫情 use lame arguments
`7R-o0pE4N /D0\ cY:F?
  渐进式台独 gradual Taiwan independence -F t%dQZWY

9\Q)X3lX Y   借调 temporarily transfer
3p9K c[ f u q {7f-~mQj
  扩大中等收入者比重 Raise the proportion of the middle-income group.
&DRSz~ x I5EGgg 4d5_;A5a&Z'Y3m2Q
  扩大内需,刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumption
,uY \%[{3Q&rO|
H&K.q2i0b Q| g!N;L 9   全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress (NPC)
q)EO:uj-x i6v k4d 主席团Presidium !V'^m E)u.o"`/iZGf]
常务委员会Standing Committee
er`J }%z$^0\ 中华人民共和国主席President of the People’s Republic of China
i\+X8R lE'WdG 中央军事委员会Central Military Commission eg/Nprm}z1l
国务院State Council
,gh!v2YIq 信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry 3k:P"W5_k:f T)Bb3a8i
文化部Ministry of Culture
Ca#V AYK 卫生部Ministry of Public Health
AK9[1`g'u.pB 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs
H7?p)j:D&ri } 国防部Ministry of National Defence rXB$`1Lh3Pr_
教育部Ministry of Education
#t,I ^tm.B)W 公安部 Ministry of Public Security X*U^z?
国家安全部 Ministry of State Security
WO1P0L,j{wk 中国人民银行People’s Bank of China
xw2L&HE9C0e3f_ 中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences
2F9f6KQt9Ih{'SKY3? 中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Zy~\%c%jK
中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering 3ONg3P-Wb3X"m
最高人民法院Supreme People’s Court
]k3IV%Xl 最高人民检察院Supreme People’s Procuratorate J%T1oH^2P4b
中国共产党中央委员会Central Committee of the Communist Party of China N,Roc%_G:B/e9h ^P/l
中央政治局Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the CPC
xE9q V1B8w 中央政治局常务委员会Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC L4m s%E8m/bkruD
中央书记处Secretariat of the Central Committee of the CPC $Yy[M%s8Q
中央军事委员会Central Military Commission of the CPC
R7YzP+MErm 中央纪律检查委员会Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the CPC
'h3R| P&~i%kK[^E 中央办公厅General Office, CCCPC iO H^*\ `~ zBo
中国人民政治协商会议The Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
9w {Y8F9C2_+G"LA w,u!l 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会National Committee of the CPPCC
YMbRn6n#i 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会Standing Committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
5f@f4^ R l I^3? 中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会办公厅General Offices of the CPPCC National Committee
BPq?4ouVh 专门委员会Special Committee
^5j p#l@ R0M(L:P 中国人民政治协商委员会地方委员会CPPCC Local Committees
1y&qX GnT"u 中国政党Chinese Parties #D"}fQ3Qk(JF
中国共产党(中共)Communist Party of China (CPC) 4t+VWo)M2JP#k
中国国民党革命委员会(民革)Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang
o+Z I3X:S4n? 中国民主同盟(民盟)Chinese Democratic League 1rc)qm is(X0e zZ
中国民主建国会(民建)China Democratic National Construction Association
!v3xRJRP5K Y] 中国民主促进会(民进)China Association for Promoting Democracy
3v6JT)K'I 中国农工民主党Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party
v s c:r/TK/t'G 中国致公党China Zhi Gong Dang M v&Y1JUsL^A9Ou
九三学社Jiu San Society
,c#~4Se|8S4`4F 中国各级党政机关干部名称译名
N|dR x8uH6eO| zr9Q 中共中央总书记 General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee A v(qH0Y
政治局常委 Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau, the CPC Central Committee v1F1ry ph O:e oE
政治局委员 Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee )x;?I6S0ZI v
书记处书记 Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee
y&}_*O \U Nl9r 中央委员 Member, Central Committee (vo{ vT s
候补委员 Alternate Member { MNAm+o
…省委/市委书记 Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC
h6Qj/a+Nw+z z 中华人民共和国主席/副主席 President/Vice President, the People’s Republic of China
Ag;Kis 全国人大委员长/副委员长 Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People’s Congress
Y U HS;^C:jnt 秘书长 Secretary-General
4dT7c B`g7np 主任委员 Chairman )RJ `aa
委员 Member k}"b@o"^:T;P
(地方人大)主任 Chairman, Local People’s Congress !Q8Zu$M"CwI
人大代表 Deputy to the People’s Congress
4a$r o Rr*N)r{ 国务院总理 Premier, State Council
8Im#A6X2Sq 国务委员 State Councilor @i/a'{ a
秘书长 Secretary-General yvhv8G6Yt'a
(国务院各委员会)主任 Minister in Charge of Commission for &}(b YM]3j ]
(国务院各部)部长 Minister c!U%t/|-TX(IZ
部长助理 Assistant Minister g-a6V m1G2C!q/R+w
司长 Director ;n0d)?AD8n*V'K
局长 Director
9PkD W3L9nt 省长 Governor @v:E*zmKf
常务副省长 Executive Vice Governor vx,Sy8n O0E
自治区人民政府主席 Chairman, Autonomous Regional People’s Government

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2008-6-13 11:22 胡郁欣
上火 excessive internal heat [em:18]

2008-6-13 11:31 xiepeng2051
[em:29]

2008-6-13 12:15 P.A.Shady
婚外恋 extramarital love

2008-6-13 12:24 michelle223
有中国特色呢~~~:loveliness:

2008-6-13 12:41 wuhao2888
见识了:loveliness:

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