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附上一篇对雷蒙的专访记者在北京大学深圳研究生院与美国康奈尔大学前任校长杰弗瑞•雷蒙(Jeffrey S. Lehman)教授进行了一次关于国际法教育的高端访谈。
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雷蒙教授曾任美国密歇根大学法学院院长、美国法学院院长联合会主席以及美国康奈尔大学校长。多年来,他一直致力于拓展全世界的国际法律教育,并在国际法教育方面做出了巨大的贡献。雷蒙教授带着J.D项目来到中国,并在位于深圳大学城的北京大学深圳研究生院开办了国际法学院,同时他本人将担任创院院长。
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据介绍,J.D项目将聘请世界各著名法学院教授、著名大法官、杰出律师任教,采用全英文授课,按照最新、最高标准和美国法学教育中的J.D培养模式来培养学生。整个培养也将符合中国学位制度和北京大学授予学位的要求,努力使学生成为具有独立从事涉外经济法律实务工作能力的应用型高级法律人才。
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以下是本网记者的采访全程实录:
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记者(Reporter):It is a great pleasure for sznews.com to have an interview with you, Doctor Lehman. As a former President of an Ivy League university, dean of top U.S law schools for many years, we really admire and respect your contribution to legal education and your international perspective. The theme we are gonna be talking about is Transnational Law Education, and some questions related to your personal experience. As a former President of an Ivy League university in the United States, you must have many career options after you leave Cornell, why do you choose to come to China and build a completely new law school in Mainland China?
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雷蒙教授,深圳新闻网非常荣欣能够有机会和您做这次专访。作为常青藤大学联盟其中一所大学的前任校长,同时多年任职于美国最好的法学院的院长,我们十分欣赏您在法律教育方面做出的贡献和您的国际视野。
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作为美国常青藤大学联盟其中一所大学的前任校长,在您离开康奈尔大学后,您一定有很多新的职业选择,那么为什么您会选择到中国大陆开始您的新职业生涯,建设一所全新的法律学院。
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):I believe that what is happening here in Shenzhen at this campus of Beida, is the most exciting development in all of higher education in the world today. What is happening here is that China is helping to lead in the worldwide modernization of legal education. This is a process that has been moving across Asia for the last five years. And now it has come to China, so when vice president Haiwen came to me and asked me if I would be willing to be a part of this, I was very honored to have this opportunity.
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我认为现在在北京大学深圳研究生院校园内发生的一切,是当今全世界高等教育发展中的一件最激动人心的事。这里所发生的一切标志着中国正在全球范围内引领法律教育的现代化。这一过程已经在过去的5年时间中在亚洲逐步展开。现在,它来到了中国,所以当北京大学**副校长问我是否愿意成为中国现代国际法教育的一员时,我非常高兴自己得到了这样一个机会。
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记者(Reporter):As I am concerned, Japan and Korea both have this kind of program.据我所知,日本、韩国也在开展这样的项目。
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):Yes, in the last five years, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Hongkong have all decided to move towards this new international standard of legal education which is called a J.D. And now that mainland China has joined in this process as well. It means that students from the mainland will be able to receive this education here without leaving China, and it also means that China will participate in the ongoing changes in the J.D program, because the J.D program is changing everywhere. When I was the dean of the law school at the University of Michigan, one of the most important changes that we made was to require all our student to study transnational law.
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When I was a student, there was no course in transnational law. Today every student graduates form University of Michigan law school must study transnational law. But the content of transnational law is changing with globalization. So now that China is a member of WTO, China also will help to shape the content of transnational law, and now that China will have a school of transnational law here in Shenzhen which is the symbol of modernization in China. China also will shape legal education in the 21sh century.
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对,在过去5年时间里,日本、南韩、澳大利亚、香港等国家和地区都决定引进新的国际标准化的法律教育项目,这个项目叫“J.D”。现在,中国大陆也加入到了这个进程中。这就意味着中国学生以后在国内也可以接受到这样的法律教育,同样也表明中国将参与到J.D项目的发展改革中,因为J.D项目在全球任何地方都保持着不断的发展和改变。当我在密歇根大学法学院担任院长的时候,我开展的一项最重要的变革就是要求我们学院的每一位学生都学习国际法。
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当我还是学生的时候就没有这一项课程。今天,所有毕业于密歇根大学法学院的学生必须学习国际法。但是国际法的教学内容是与时俱进的。现在,中国是WTO成员了,中国也将帮组修改制定国际法的教学内容。即将在深圳开设的法学院将成为中国现代化进程中的一个标志。中国也将在21世纪为法律教育构建出一份力量。
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记者(Reporter):What is the difference between Peking University Law School and your STL in Shenzhen. As far so I know Peking University Law School is one of the leading law school in China, Could you share with us the difference of PKU and STL.
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北京大学法学院的课程教育和北大深圳研究生院的法学院有何不同?据我所知,北京大学法学院是国内法律教育的前沿,您能介绍一下他们之间的不同吗?
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):PKU is the symbol of outstanding legal education in China, preparing Chinese students to be Chinese lawyers, members of the Chinese Bar Association. STL will be a complement. It will provide the same quality of legal education looking outside China. So PKU law school is primarily looking inside China. Student also study international law of course at PKU, But the main focus is inside China. At STL the main focus will be outside China. So for example, students at PKU in Beijing study all the courses in Chinese, not all the course, but almost all the courses. Here at STL, all the courses will be English, because English is the language of international business and transnational law.
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北京大学法学院是中国最出色法律教育的象征,它使众多中国学生成为了律师,很多律师也成为了中国律师协会的成员。STL可以作为中国法律教育的一个补充,它将提供具有同样教学水平的、面向国外的法律教育,相比之下,PKU法学院的教学内容则基本面向国内。虽然在PKU,学生也学习国际法课程,但其教学重点主要放在中国国内的环境中。在STL,教学重点将放在国际环境中,比如在PKU,学生上所有法学课程时都用中文教学,可能不是所有课程,但基本大多数课程用中文教学。而在STL,所有的课程都是用英文教学,因为英语是国际商业和国际法律界通用的语言。
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记者(Reporter):So STL has the characteristic of multiple perspective.
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所以STL具有多角度特点。
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):Yes, it is a difference in degree. Both schools share a commitment to excellence, commitment to being world class. But subject focus is different, here the focus is transnational law, so student will spend much more time at STL studying the common law. At PKU, there are some courses that are focused on common law, but more focused on civil law. So the two go together, the perfect legal education in my opinion will be to have a degree from STL and a degree from PKU in Beijing.
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对,他们只是在学位上有不同,两所学院都以建设国际级的优秀法律教育为使命。两所学院在课程上的教授重点存在不同,在深圳的法学院以国际法课程为主,所以学生将花更多的时间学习普通法,在PKU,有一部分课程以普通法为主,而更多的课程重点放在了民法上。所有我认为,如果把两所学院的学历结合起来,就可以形成最好的法律教育。
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记者(Reporter):Many Chinese student do not know what the exact meaning of J.D. Whether is it a master’s degree or Ph.D. So can you explain what is J.D.
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许多中国学生不知道J.D到底是指什么?它是硕士课程还是博士课程?您能够为大家解释一下吗?
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):Yes, J.D program began in North America in United States and Canada. And it has several different characteristics, one characteristic is that students are admitted to a J.D program as a graduate program like LLM or SJD, or Ph.D,that is to say it’s not a bachelor’s program. To be admitted to a J.D program one has to first spend four years receiving a bachelor’s degree in some other subject. Then after doing that, the content of the program is defined in part by the method of teaching. And so the core teaching method in a J.D program involves what is known as the Socratic method, the case method of instruction.
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This was developed at Harvard by professor Langdell, and the essence is that students when they come to class do not just listen to a lecture by a professor, they come having read a case, and professor asks questions that lead students to see that the case could be understood in several different ways, and the students are taught to be able to see problems from multiple perspectives at the same time. And this is really the essence of the J.D education. And the reason why it is so important that in a globalizing world, we are trying to harmonize many different systems. We try to harmonize civil law system, common law system. We are trying to harmonize western perspectives, Asian perspectives, European perspectives. All of those perspectives are important. And a great lawyer now needs to be able to see things from all of these perspectives and develop a sense of how to build a harmony among all of them. And that is the core of the J.D education. It is not so much to teach students a substantive body of law, it is more to teach students in approach to law, a way of thinking about law, that has become the principle way what transnational lawyers especially in the business world think about law.
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J.D项目始于北美的美国和加拿大两个国家。它具有几个特点,一个特点是,进入J.D项目学习的学生是以研究生项目开展的,好比LLM法律硕士、SJD法学博士等,也就是说它不是学士学历的项目。学生如果想报考J.D课程,必须先花4年时间拿到一个任意专业的本科学历。在进入J.D课程后,课程教学内容在某一方面由教学方法来决定。J.D课程的核心教学方法是称之为“苏格拉底式教学法”,也就是案例教学法。
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这种教学形式是由美国哈佛大学的兰戴尔教授创立,它的主要特点就是,学生进入课堂后不仅仅只是听教授授课,学生们会阅读一个案例,然后教授会提出一些列问题来引导学生从多个层面,多方位的来理解这个案例,学生同时就学会了从多个角度来看问题的能力。这就是J.D课程教育的精髓所在。J.D项目在全球化世界如此重要的原因是我们正在试图将不同的法律体系进行协调。我们在协调民法体系和普通法体系,我们在把西方观念、东方观念、欧洲观念进行融合。所有这些观念都很重要。一个优秀的律师应该具备从各个不同的角度来看问题并且能够在其中建立起协调关系。这就是J.D的教育核心内容,它不是教法律实体内容,而是教学生法律的思维方式,这已经成为了全球商业中国际律师的法律思维法则。
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记者(Reporter):From what your words, I think J.D to some extent, is like MBA degree.
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根据您所说的,我感觉J.D在某种程度上有一点像MBA.
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):We are seeing this kinds of international standards developing in different kinds of education. The MBA has become the international standard in business education, and J.D is becoming the international standard in legal education.
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I was speaking with the dean of the University of Melbourne, law school in Australia. And for a long time, the standard of legal education in Melbourne used to be the LLB, the bachelor of law’s degree, and three years ago, they made a decision to change to adopt a J.D standard in Melbourne.And now dean Crommelin told me they are eliminating LLB completely, and so the only legal education that will be offered in Melbourne will be the J.D. Just as is becoming a case in South Korea as well.
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And a month ago, I spend some time in Hongkong, I visited City University of Hongkong and Chinese University of Hongkong, both universities just last year started their own J.D programs. So this has become a standard now in legal education.
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Other kinds of law degrees I believe will continue to be there, because they each have their own important contributions to make within different countries. But when you are talking about the lawyers who work in international business, in international commerce, there is going to be a standard in the way that business people around the world all speak English to each other, no matter whether they from China or France or Germany or Japan, they speak English in business. There is emerging a kind of language for international legal practice as well, and it all starts with the J.D.
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我们可以看到这样的国际标准已经被用在了多种不同的教育中。MBA课程在商业管理教育中已经成为了一个国际标准化的教育项目,那么J.D则成为了法律教育中的国际标准。
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我和澳大利亚墨尔本大学法学院院长交谈过。在过去很长的一段时间里,墨尔本大学的法律教育所采用学位标准是LLB,法律的学士学位,3年前,他们决定在墨尔本大学改换他们的标准,采用J.D的标准。现在,Crommelin院长告诉我,他们已经完全去掉了LLB标准,现在在墨尔本大学惟一的法律教育标准就是J.D。在韩国情况也是这样。
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一个月前,我在香港呆了一阵,我访问了香港城市大学和香港中文大学,这两所大学去年都开始采用J.D项目了,所以J.D现在已经成为了法律教育的一个标准。我认为其它形式的法律学位还会继续存在,因为在不同的国家里它们各自都有其重要的作用。
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在国际商业贸易活动中的律师们,所有来自不同国家的人说的都是英语,不管是来自中国、法国、德国或日本,他们在商贸活动中都讲英语。在国际法律事务中也就出现了英语这个通用的语言。
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记者(Reporter):Next questions is about your faculties. Where are the faculties of STL come from? Your school is going to enroll students from September 2008. Can you share with us some information about your faculties? You know, faculties are the soul and vital spirit of a school. Please tell us something about it.
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我下个问题是关于你的教师资源。STL的教师都来自哪里?您的学校将在2008年9月开始招收学生。你能给我们介绍一下教师情况吗?您知道,教师是一个学校的灵魂。
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雷蒙教授(Doc Lehman):So our faculty will be a combination of permanent faculty and visitors from other countries, other schools. So for our permanent faculty, We have already recruited two outstanding professors, one is a Chinese, professor Liya Rong, and she holds Chinese law degree, is a Chinese lawyer, practice law in China. She also holds degrees Harvard and from University of Michigan. She has taught courses at Beida and at Tsinghua and at Michigan and is specialist in tax law. She will be a member of our faculty.
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We have also recruited a professor Marlon Suc, who is German, a German citizen, he has taught in Netherlands, in Amsterdam, and was the head of the international law department at ERASMUS University in Netherlands, he has also taught in United States at Berkeley and at Michigan, and he has taught in Hongkong, he has been the dean of City University of Hongkong law school, and he has agreed to come join our faculty here in Shenzhen as a permanent faculty member. He will teach several courses.
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And then in addition we will recruit visitors, and so I have been in touch with the deans of top law schools in United States, the dean of Stanford Law School Larry Kramer, the dean of Yale Law School Harold Hongju Koh, the dean of University of Michigan Law School Evan H. Caminker, the dean of Cornell Law School Stewart J. Schwab. We have been talking about who might be appropriate visitors to come and teach our students here in Shenzhen.
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So we will have a combination, we will have a mix of professors from top law schools from around the world who want to come visit, and professors who want to come and be a permanent part of our faculty here.
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我们的教师队伍主要是由永久性教师和各国访问教师两部分组成。到目前为止,我们已经招聘了两位有名望的教授,一位是中国人,荣丽亚,她在中国获得了法律学位,并在中国从事法律行业工作。她同时也获得了哈佛大学和密歇根大学的学位。她也在北京大学和密歇根大学授过课,在税法方面她是一个专家,她将成为我们教师队伍的一员。
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